Polymers Applications

7/29/2019 Polymers Applications

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PLASTICS AND POLYMERS


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2

)

Polymers and PolymerizationPol

ymers and Polymerization

Polymers are compounds which consist of verylarge molecules formed by repeated joining of

many small molecules

The repeating unit in the molecule is

called monomer.


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Polymers consisting of a single

type of monomer moleculesare known as homopolymers.

The polymers obtained frommonomers of different typesare called copolymers.


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Homopolymer

-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-Example: Polythene, nylone-6,

Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)


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Copolymer

-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-Example: Nylone-6.6, Styrene-butadiene

rubber (SBR), Buna-S, Bakelite.


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11 Based uponBased uponsourcesource

Natural and synthetic polymersNatural and synthetic polymers

22 Based uponBased uponsynthesissynthesis

Addition and condensation polymersAddition and condensation polymers

33 Based uponBased uponelementselements

Inorganic and organic polymersInorganic and organic polymers

44 Based uponBased uponmolecularmolecular

forces.forces.

Plastic: Intermolecular forces of attraction arePlastic: Intermolecular forces of attraction are

intermediate between those of elastomers andintermediate between those of elastomers and

fibers.fibers.

Elastomers: Chains are held together by weakElastomers: Chains are held together by weakforcesforces

Fibers: Held together by strong inter molecularFibers: Held together by strong inter molecular

forces.forces.


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Elastomer

Plastic

Fibre


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9

35.1 Introduction (SB p.151)

Naturally Occurring Polymers andNaturally Occurring Polymers and

Synthetic PolymersSynthetic Polymers

The most important naturally occurring polymers are: Proteins Polysaccharides(e.g. cellulose, starch) Nucleic acids (e.g. DNA, RNA) Rubber


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Cotton fiber is mostly cellulose, and

cellulose is made of chains of the

sugar, glucose linked together a

certain way.


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Elastomers include all those polymers, whose chains are heldElastomers include all those polymers, whose chains are held

together by weak forces and hence can be stretched by pullingtogether by weak forces and hence can be stretched by pulling

and on relieving the stress, can be made to regain theirand on relieving the stress, can be made to regain theiroriginal shape.original shape.

Eg: RubberEg: Rubber


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Natural RubberNatural Rubber

A hydrocarbon CA hydrocarbon C55HH88 isoprene-(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) which isisoprene-(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) which is

the repeating unit in rubber. Rubber contains 16000-20000 unitsthe repeating unit in rubber. Rubber contains 16000-20000 units

in one string.in one string.

2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers


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Rubber is a natural elastomerRubber is a natural elastomer

Rubber forms by addition polymerization of isoprene


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VulcanizationVulcanization

It is the process of heating natural rubber with sulphur (3-5%),It is the process of heating natural rubber with sulphur (3-5%),

HH22S, benzoyl chloride to a temperature range 110-140S, benzoyl chloride to a temperature range 110-140ooC.C.

Merits of VulcanizationMerits of Vulcanization

1.1.It helps in preventing the slippage of chains on application ofIt helps in preventing the slippage of chains on application of

stress.stress.

2.2.It makes rubber less sensitive to temperature changes.It makes rubber less sensitive to temperature changes.

3.3.It increases elasticity, tensile strength and extensibility.It increases elasticity, tensile strength and extensibility.

4.4.It increases the resistance of rubber to oxidation, abrasion,It increases the resistance of rubber to oxidation, abrasion,wear and tear, water and organic solvents.wear and tear, water and organic solvents.

5.5.Rubber becomes a better electrical insulator as a result ofRubber becomes a better electrical insulator as a result of

vulcanizationvulcanization



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Untreated natural rubberbecomes soft and sticky when itis warm

When you heat rubber withsulfur it becomes modified toallow it to stay elastic when it iswarm

VulcanizedVulcanized

RubberRubber


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Applications of RubberApplications of Rubber

1.1. For making rubber bands, golf balls, mechanicalFor making rubber bands, golf balls, mechanical

rubber goods, rubber gaskets for sealing equipmentsrubber goods, rubber gaskets for sealing equipments

like pressure cooker, refrigerators doors etc.like pressure cooker, refrigerators doors etc.

2.2. For making automobile and aeroplane tyres due to itsFor making automobile and aeroplane tyres due to its

abrasion resistance.abrasion resistance.3.3. In telephone receivers, battery cases, electricalIn telephone receivers, battery cases, electrical

switch board panels etc.switch board panels etc.

4.4. Due to its remarkable resistance to electricity usedDue to its remarkable resistance to electricity used

for insulating coating on wires and cables.for insulating coating on wires and cables.5.5. In medicine, rubber is used for making heart valves,In medicine, rubber is used for making heart valves,

transfusion tubings, padding for plastic surgery etc.transfusion tubings, padding for plastic surgery etc.

6.6. It finds uses as an eraser and adhesive too.It finds uses as an eraser and adhesive too.


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Synthetic RubberSynthetic Rubber

These are man made, rubber like polymerThese are man made, rubber like polymer

Eg: Buna-S, Thiokol, Buna-N

NameName UsesUses

11 Buna-SBuna-S Manufacture of motor tyres, floor tiles,Manufacture of motor tyres, floor tiles,gaskets, wire & cable insulation.gaskets, wire & cable insulation.

22 Buna-NBuna-N Conveyer belts, high altitude air craftConveyer belts, high altitude air craftcomponents, hoses printing rollers,components, hoses printing rollers,automobile parts.automobile parts.

33 NeopreneNeoprene Wire insulations, cable covering for conveyerWire insulations, cable covering for conveyerbelts and chemical apparatus, sponges etc.belts and chemical apparatus, sponges etc.

44 ButylButylRubberRubber

Cycle and automobiles parts, tank liningsCycle and automobiles parts, tank linings

55 ThiokolThiokol Hoses, gaskets and covering for cables.Hoses, gaskets and covering for cables.

66 SiliconSiliconrubberrubber

Artificial heart valves, transfusion tubes andArtificial heart valves, transfusion tubes andpadding for plastic surgery, in lubricants,padding for plastic surgery, in lubricants,

paints and protective coatings, shoes.paints and protective coatings, shoes.


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Plastics are foundPlastics are found

everywhereeverywhereExcept for our food, air, and water almost

every ordinary thing that we come incontact with contains some sort of plastic

in, on, or around it.

Plastics come in an amazingvariety of colors, shapes, types,

and textures

Plastics have found applicationsin nearly everything that we use


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PLASTICSPLASTICS It is aIt is a polymerpolymerwhichwhichcan be moulded intocan be moulded intovarious shapes, canvarious shapes, can

bebe recycledrecycled,,remouldedremoulded andand

reusedreused..


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A plastic is a material which shows theA plastic is a material which shows the

property of plasticity ie, capacity toproperty of plasticity ie, capacity to

change to different forms underchange to different forms under

pressure.pressure.

Plastics may be defined as organicPlastics may be defined as organic

material of high molecular mass, whichmaterial of high molecular mass, whichcan be moulded into any desired shape,can be moulded into any desired shape,

by subjecting to suitable heat andby subjecting to suitable heat and

pressure conditions in presence of apressure conditions in presence of a

catalysts.catalysts.


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TYPES OF PLASTICSTYPES OF PLASTICS

Plastics are ofPlastics are oftwotwotypes:types:ThermoplasticsThermoplastics

ThermosettingThermosettingplasticsplastics


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THERMOPLASTICSTHERMOPLASTICS

Plastics which can bePlastics which can bemouldedmoulded onon heatingheatingand used again.and used again.

ExampleExample: polythene,: polythene,PVC.PVC.


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The arrangement ofThe arrangement ofparticles (particles (monomersmonomers))

in thermoplastics isin thermoplastics is

linearlinearand these canand these canbebe recycledrecycled..


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POLYTHENEPOLYTHENE

MonomerMonomer: ethene: etheneUseUse: for making: for makingpolythene bags,polythene bags,toys and combs.toys and combs.


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PVC (POLY VINYLPVC (POLY VINYL

CHLORIDE)CHLORIDE)MonomerMonomer: vinyl: vinylchloridechloride

UseUse: for making: for makingpipes, toys andpipes, toys andcombscombs


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THERMOSETTINGTHERMOSETTING

PLASTICPLASTICPlastic which oncePlastic which oncesetset cannotcannot bebemouldedmoulded on heating.on heating.

ExampleExample: Bakelite: Bakeliteand melamine.and melamine.


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The arrangement ofThe arrangement ofparticles (particles (monomersmonomers))in thermosettingin thermosetting

plastic isplastic is crosscross linkedlinkedand these cannot beand these cannot be

recycledrecycled..


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BAKELITEBAKELITE It is aIt is a poorpoorconductorconductorof heat and electricity.of heat and electricity. UseUse: for making: for makingelectrical switches,electrical switches,

handles of varioushandles of various

utensils.utensils.


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MELAMINEMELAMINE It isIt is resistantresistant toto firefire

and can tolerate heat.and can tolerate heat. UseUse: for making floor: for making floortiles, kitchen ware andtiles, kitchen ware and

fabrics which resistfabrics which resist

fire.fire.


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Thermoplasticshermoplastics Thermosetting Plastichermosetting Plastic11 They have formed by additionThey have formed by addition

polymerization and usually havepolymerization and usually have

linear structurelinear structure

They have formed by condensationThey have formed by condensation

polymerization and usually have threepolymerization and usually have three

dimensional extensive cross linkingdimensional extensive cross linkingbetween the polymer chains.between the polymer chains.

22 They are soft, weak and lessThey are soft, weak and lessbrittle and are soluble in organicbrittle and are soluble in organic

solventssolvents

They are more hard, strong brittle andThey are more hard, strong brittle and

insoluble in organic solvents.insoluble in organic solvents.

33 Can be remoulded, recastCan be remoulded, recastreshaped, and reused byreshaped, and reused by

application of suitable pressureapplication of suitable pressure

and temperature.and temperature.

Cannot be remoulded or reshaped.Cannot be remoulded or reshaped.

Once set, it cannot be recast by anyOnce set, it cannot be recast by any

means.means.

44 On heating they soften andOn heating they soften andbecome fluid but on coolingbecome fluid but on coolingbecome hard.become hard.

On heating, do not soften, rather theyOn heating, do not soften, rather theybecome hard and infusible, prolongedbecome hard and infusible, prolonged

heating make them burn.heating make them burn.

55 Eg. Cellulose acetate, PVC,Eg. Cellulose acetate, PVC,Polythene, Polypropylene, TeflonPolythene, Polypropylene, Teflon

etc.etc.

Bakelite, polyester, terylene, resins,Bakelite, polyester, terylene, resins,

urea-formaldehyde polymer ect.urea-formaldehyde polymer ect.


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Nylon 6,6

It is formed by the condensation polymerisation of adipic acidIt is formed by the condensation polymerisation of adipic acid

and hexamethylene diamine.and hexamethylene diamine.

It is a polyamide polymer.It is a polyamide polymer.

n HOOC-(CHn HOOC-(CH22))44--

COOHCOOH

++ n Hn H22N-(CHN-(CH22))66-NH-NH22

-[-OC-(CH2)4-C-NH-(CH2)6-NH-]n-

O

n Hn H22OO++

Nulon-6,6 is stronger than natural fibres. They are elastic, lightNulon-6,6 is stronger than natural fibres. They are elastic, light

weight, very strong and flexible, inert to chemicals and biologicalweight, very strong and flexible, inert to chemicals and biological

agents and are used in making fabrics, carpets, tyre cords, ropes etcagents and are used in making fabrics, carpets, tyre cords, ropes etc ..

Adipic acidAdipic acid Hexamethylene diamineHexamethylene diamine


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Nylon 6

It is manufactured by prolonged heating of caprolactum at 260-It is manufactured by prolonged heating of caprolactum at 260-

270270ooC.C.

It is another polyamide polymer.It is another polyamide polymer.

260-270260-270ooCC

C

H2

CH2 C=O

HN

CH2CH2

C

H2CaprolactumCaprolactum

-[-C-NH-(CH2)5-]n-

O

Nylon 6Nylon 6


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Terylene or Dacronerylene or DacronCondensation polymerization ofCondensation polymerization of

terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, interephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, in

presence of a weak base results in thepresence of a weak base results in the

formation of the most importantformation of the most important

polyester fabric named Terylene.polyester fabric named Terylene.COOHCOOHHOOCHOOC

++OH-CHOH-CH22-CH-CH22-OH-OH

-[-OC-C6H4-CO-O-CH2-CH2-O-]n-

Teraphthalic

acid

Ethylene Glycol


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Fibres are thread like bits of materials characterized byFibres are thread like bits of materials characterized by

great tensile strength in the direction of the fibre.great tensile strength in the direction of the fibre.

Cloths are making from fibres.Cloths are making from fibres.

Types of Fibre..Types of Fibre..

1.1.Natural fibre, obtained from natural sources like cotton,Natural fibre, obtained from natural sources like cotton,

jute, wool and silk.jute, wool and silk.

2.2.Semi synthetic fibres, obtained from natural sources eg:Semi synthetic fibres, obtained from natural sources eg:cellulose, which is heated with special reagents to bring itcellulose, which is heated with special reagents to bring it

to solution or dispersed state and then turned intoto solution or dispersed state and then turned into

filamentsfilaments

Eg: Rayons.Eg: Rayons.3.3.Synthetic fibres, obtained by addition or condensationSynthetic fibres, obtained by addition or condensation

polymerization.polymerization.

Eg: Nylon, terylene, orlon etc.Eg: Nylon, terylene, orlon etc.


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COMMO

NPL

ASTICS

ANDTH

EIRU

SES


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A polymer made

form just onemonomer is

polyethylene. It is

the most common

plastic you see.

It is used for

bottles, buckets,

jugs, containers,toys, even synthetic

lumber, and many

other things.


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High Density Polyethene(HDPE) isused in making Detergent bottles,milk jugs, and molded plastic cases.


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low density polyethylene (LDPE). It is made by

causing the long chains of ethylene to branch. That

way they cannot lie next each other, which reduces

the density and strength of the polyethylene. This

makes the plastic lighter and more flexible.


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It serves double duty, both as a plasticand as a fiber.

As a plastic it's used to make things like

dishwasher-safe food containers. It can do this

because it doesn't melt below 160oC, or 320oF

Asa fibre, polypropylene is used to make indoor-outdoorcarpeting, the kind that you always find around swimming

pools and miniature golf courses. It works well for outdoor

carpet because it is easy to make colored polypropylene,

and because polypropylene doesn't absorb water, like

nylone does.

Polypropylene can be made from the monomer

propylene by Ziegler Nutta polymerisation

POLY PROPYLENE


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PolystyrenePolystyrene is an inexpensive and hard plastic

The outside housing of the computer you are

using now is probably made of polystyrene. Model

cars and airplanes are made from polystyrene, and

it also is made in the form of foam packaging andinsulation .

Clear plastic drinking cups are made of

polystyrene. So are a lot of the molded parts onthe inside of your car, like the radio knobs.

Polystyrene is also used in toys, and the housings

of things like hairdryers, computers, and kitchen

appliances


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Polystyrene is produced by free radicalpolymerisation , from the monomer styrene.

Polystyrene is also a component of a type ofhard rubber called poly(styrene-butadiene-

styrene) , or SBS rubber. SBS rubber is a

thermoplastic elastomers.

POLYSTYRENE

Polystyrene is a rigid, brittle, inexpensiveplastic that has been used to makeplastic

model kits and similar knick-knacks.


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The plastics industry wasrevolutionized in the 1930s withthe announcement ofPolyamide(PA), far better known by

its trade name nylon. Nylon wasthe first purely synthetic fiber,introduced by DuPont coparation atthe 1939 worlds fair in New York

city.

NYLONE


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Nylon is actually a copolymer because is it made

from two monomers. When these two monomers

are in the same beaker, they combine and give off a

molecule of water. This is called a dehydrationreaction because we are taking away (de) water

(hydra). (regarding odor: amines smell like fish or

worse. Adipic acid is odorless )

Hexamethylene diamine

methylene x 6 (hexa) amine x 2 (di)

Tetramethylene

dicarboxylic acid

(adipic acid)


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Another kind of nylon is nylon 6. It's a lot likenylon 6,6 except that it only has one kind of

carbon chain, which is six atoms long.

It's made by a ring open polymerisation form the

monomer caprolactam.

Nylon 6 doesn't behave much differently from nylon 6,6.

The only reason both are made is because DuPont patented

nylon 6,6, so other companies had to invent nylon 6 inorder to get in on the nylon business.

NYLON 6


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Polyester is

another

copolymer.

It is made

from equalamounts of

two different

monomers.

Polyester isused to

make bottles

and fabrics.


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H O CC

O

Polyester is made from the two monomers, terephthalic acid (note: ph is

silent) and ethylene glycol (car antifreeze). This makes a popular plastic

called PETE, which is short for Polyethylene Terephthalate. The synthesis

is also a dehydration reaction because water is given off.

Hence the name

POLYESTER

ESTER groups

formed

PE

TE


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Another polymer, which is almost the same as

polyethylene, is PolyVinyl Chloride or PVC. The differenceis that every other hydrogen is replaced with a chlorine

atom (green sphere).

POLY VENYL CHLORIDE (PVC)


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PVC pipes are used in our homes and

they are even handy for making a

table or chair.

PVC is used inPlumbing pipes andguttering, shower curtains, window

frames, flooring.

PVC is also used as insulation around

electric wires in the home and theautomobile.


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PVA is used to make wood glues, as well as

other adhesives. Paper and textiles often have

coatings made of PVA and other ingredients to

make them shiny.

It's made by free radical venylpolymerisation of the monomer

vinyl acetate.

POLY VENYL ACETATE


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Epoxy resins make great adhesives,and are one of the few adhesives that

can be used on metals. But they're

also used for things like protectivecoatings, and as materials in things

like electronic circuit boards and for

patching holes in concrete pavement.

EPOXY RESINS


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Polyacrylonitrile is a vinylpolymer, and a derivative

of the acrylate familyof polymers. It is made from

the monomer acrylonitrile byfree radical

vinylpolymerisation

POLY ACRYLONITRILE (PAN)


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Homopolymers of polyacrylonitrile have been used

as fibers in hot gas filtration systems, outdoorawnings, sails for yachts, and even fiber reinforced

concrete. But mostly copolymers containing

polyacrylonitrile are used as fibers to make knitted

clothing, like socks and sweaters, as well asoutdoor products like tents and such.

Sweaters can also be made out of acrylics, like

Poly acrylonitrile


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Kevlar is synthesized in solution from the

monomers 1,4-phenylene-diamine (para-phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl

chloride in a condensation reaction

Kevlar (poly paraphenylene terephthalamide)

Kevlar is the registered trademark for a para-

aramid synthetic fiber


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Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle

tires and racing sails to body armor because of its

high tensile strength-to-weight ratio; by this measureit is 5 times stronger than steel on an equal weight

basis

Kevlar is a well-known component of personal armorsuch as combat helmets, ballistic face masks, and

ballistic vests.Other military uses include bulletproof

facemasks

It is used as an inner lining for some bicycle tires

to prevent punctures, and due to its excellent heat

resistance


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Synthetic rubber is any type of artificial

elastomers, invariably a polymer. An

elastomer is a material with the mechanical

(or material) property that it can undergo

much more elastic deformation understress than most materials and still return

to its previous size without permanent

deformation. Synthetic rubber serves as a

substitute for natural rubber in manycases, especially when improved material

properties are required.


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Polychloroprene is a synthetic rubbermade from the monomer chloroprene

Polychloroprene is usually sold under the

trade name Neoprene. It's especially resistant

to oil.

POLY CHLOROPRINE


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Styrene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber

(SBR) is a synthetic rubber copolymer consisting

of styrene and butadiene. It has good abrasion

resistance and good aging stability when

protected by additives, and is widely used in car

tires, where it may be blended with natural rubber.

The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires, shoe

heels and soles, gaskets and even chewing gum. It is a

commodity material which competes with natural rubber.

Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coatedpapers, being one of the most cost-effective resins to

bind pigmented coatings. It is also used in building

applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind

renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive

SBR


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PMMA, is a clear plastic used as a shatterproof

replacement

When it comes to making windows, PMMA has

another advantage over glass. PMMA is moretransparent than glass. When glass windows are

made too thick, they become difficult to see

through. But PMMA windows can be made as

much as 13 inches (33 cm) thick, and they're still

perfectly transparent. This makes PMMA a

wonderful material for making large aquariums,

whose windows must be thick in order to contain

the high pressure millions of gallons of water

PMMA(POLY METHYLMETHACRYLATE


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Acrylic "latex" paints often contain PMMA

suspended in water


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PMMA is also used in Contact lenses,

glazing (best known in this form by itsvarious trade names around the world;e.g., Perspex, Oroglas, Plexiglas), aglets,fluorescent light diffusers, rear light

covers for vehicles. It forms the basis ofartistic and commercial acrylic paintswhen suspended in water with the use ofother agents.PMMA is avinyl polymer, made by free

radical vinyl polymerisation from themonomer methyl methacrylate.


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Bakelite,Bakelite or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride,

is an early plastic. It is thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin, formed from an elimination

reaction of phenol withformaldehyde. It was

developed in 1907 by Belgianborn chemist Leo

Baekeland.

One of the first plastics made from synthetic

components, Bakelite was used for its electrically

nonconductivityand heat-resistant properties in

electricalinsulators, radio and telephone casings,

and such diverse products as kitchenware,jewelry,

pipe stems, and childrens toys


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Poly urethane(PU) Poly urethane isused in Cushioning foams, thermalinsulation foams, surface coatings,printing rollers (Currently 6th or 7th

most commonly used plastic material,for instance the most commonly usedplastic found in cars).

POLY URETHANE


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Melamine formaldehyde(MF) Oneof the aminoplasts, and used as amulti-colorable alternative to

phenolics, for instance in moldings(e.g., break-resistance alternativesto ceramic cups, plates and bowls forchildren) and the decorated top

surface layer of the paper laminates(e.g., Formica).


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It is a thermosetting plastic, withthe familiar trade name Bakelite, thatcan be molded by heat and pressure

when mixed with a filler-like woodflour or can be cast in its unfilledliquid form or cast as foam (e.g.,Oasis).

Problems include the probability ofmoldings naturally being dark colors(red, green, brown), and as


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Polytetrafluoro ethylene

(PTFE) Heat-resistant, low-friction coatings, used in thingslike non-stick surfaces forfrying pans, plumber's tape and

water slides. It is morecommonly known as Teflon.

POLYTETRAFLOUROETHYLENE


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Urea formaldehyde (UF) One of theaminoplasts and used as a multi-colorable

alternative to phenolics. Used as a woodadhesive (for plywood, chipboard,hardboard) and electrical switch housings.

UREA FORMALDEHYDE

PO Y TETRA F OURO ETHY ENE (PTFE)


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Polytetrafluoroethylene is better known by the

trade name Teflon. It's used to make non-stick

cooking pans, and anything else that needs to be

slippery or non-stick. PTFE is also used to treat

carpets and fabrics to make them stain resistant.What's more, it's also very useful in medical

applications. Because human bodies rarely reject

it, it can be used for making artificial body parts.

POLY TETRA FLOURO ETHYLENE (PTFE)

Polytetrafluoroethylene is made from the

monomer tetrafluoroethylene byfree radical

venyl polymerisation.


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Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are

capable of being decomposed by bacteria or

other living organisms.

Two basic classes of biodegradable plastics

exist:[1] Bioplastics, whose components are

derived from renewable raw materials andplastics made from petrochemicals with

biodegradable additives which enhance

biodegradation.

bioplastics


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While aromatic polyesters are almost totally

resistant to microbial attack, most aliphatic polyesters

are biodegradable due to their potentially

hydrolysable ester bonds:

Naturally Produced: poly hydroxy butyrate(PHB);Renewable Resource: polylactic acid (PLA);Synthetic: Polybutylene succinate (PBS),)...Most of the starch derivatives

Cellulose esters like cellulose acetate and theirderivativesEnhanced biodegradable plastic with additives.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Testing_biodegradable_containers.jpg


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Enzymes are used to break starch in theEnzymes are used to break starch in the

plants down into glucose, which isplants down into glucose, which is

fermented and made into lactic acid.fermented and made into lactic acid.

This lactic acid is polymerized andThis lactic acid is polymerized andconverted into a plastic called polylacticconverted into a plastic called polylactic

acid, which can be used in theacid, which can be used in the

manufacture of products after beingmanufacture of products after beingheated and shaped.heated and shaped.


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In addition, bioplastics are biodegradable.In addition, bioplastics are biodegradable. If something made of bioplastic is buried in theIf something made of bioplastic is buried in the

ground, microorganisms will break it down intoground, microorganisms will break it down intocarbon dioxide and water.carbon dioxide and water.

Bags made of bioplastic can be thrown awayBags made of bioplastic can be thrown awayand buried with other biodegradable garbage,and buried with other biodegradable garbage,and there are a growing number of other usesand there are a growing number of other usesfor the materials as well, including artificialfor the materials as well, including artificial

fibers, medical products, and constructionfibers, medical products, and constructionmaterials.materials.

U f Bi l tiU f Bi l ti


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Use of BioplasticUse of Bioplastic

Bioplastics are already being used inBioplastics are already being used inautomobile interiors and in cases forautomobile interiors and in cases for

consumer electronics.consumer electronics.

A li tiA li ti


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ApplicationsApplications

Packaging :- The use of bioplastics for shoppingPackaging :- The use of bioplastics for shoppingbags is already very common.bags is already very common.

After their initial use they can be reused as bagsAfter their initial use they can be reused as bagsfor organic waste and then be composted.for organic waste and then be composted.

Trays and containers for fruit, vegetables, eggsTrays and containers for fruit, vegetables, eggsand meat, bottles for soft drinks and dairyand meat, bottles for soft drinks and dairyproducts and blister foils for fruit and vegetablesproducts and blister foils for fruit and vegetablesare also already widely manufactured fromare also already widely manufactured from

bioplastics.bioplastics.


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Catering products:- Catering productsCatering products:- Catering products

belong to the group of perishable plastics.belong to the group of perishable plastics.Disposable crockery and cutlery, as wellDisposable crockery and cutlery, as well

as pots and bowls, pack foils foras pots and bowls, pack foils for

hamburgers and straws are being dumpedhamburgers and straws are being dumpedafter a single use, together with food-after a single use, together with food-

leftovers, forming huge amounts of waste,leftovers, forming huge amounts of waste,

particularly at big events.particularly at big events.


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Gardening:-Gardening:-Within the agricultural economy and theWithin the agricultural economy and the

gardening sector mulch foils made ofgardening sector mulch foils made ofbiodegradable material and flower pots made ofbiodegradable material and flower pots made ofdecomposable bioplastics are predominantlydecomposable bioplastics are predominantlyused due to their adjustable lifespan and the factused due to their adjustable lifespan and the factthat these materials do not leave residues in thethat these materials do not leave residues in the

soil.soil. This helps reduce work and time (and thus cost)This helps reduce work and time (and thus cost)

as these products can simply be left toas these products can simply be left todecompose, after which they are ploughed in todecompose, after which they are ploughed in to

the soil.the soil. Plant pots used for flowering and vegetablePlant pots used for flowering and vegetable

plants can be composted along with gardeningplants can be composted along with gardeningand kitchen litter.and kitchen litter.


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Polymers Applications