A R A B - I S R A E L I

P A L E S T I N E

CONFLICT

THE AND

D A N I A

M A R Y - C A T H E R I N E

C L A R A

R A K S H I T H

R A M Y

A T I M E L I N E T H E B I R T H O F T H E S T A T E O F I S R A E L

Z I O N I S M

• It’s roots.

• Discrimination against European

Jews in 19th century Europe.

• Lovers of Zion

• “Automemancipation”

• Leo Pinkser

• “The Jewish State”

• Theodor Herzl

• Zionist Congress in Basil

• Balfour Declaration

• Chaim Weizmann

T H E B A L F O U R D E C L A R A T I O N

“His Majesty's government view with favour the

establishment in Palestine of a national home for the

Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to

facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly

understood that nothing shall be done which may

prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-

Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and

political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”

L O L , W U T ?

– C H A I M W E I Z M A N N

“In its initial stage, Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly

depending on mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called

Palestine, a country without people, and, on the other hand, there exists the

Jewish people, and it has no country. What else is necessary, then, than to fit the

gem into the ring, to unite this people with this country? ”

1 9 2 0 - 1 9 4 8

B R I T I S H M A N D A T E I N

P A L E S T I N E

• Sir Herbert Samuel

• White Paper of 1922

• White Paper of 1939

• UNSCOP

T H E P A L E S T I N I A N S & T H E

Y I S H R U V

L E A D E R S H I P A N D I N S T I T U T I O N S

T H E P A L E S T I N I A N S :

• No real government.

• Bitter Rivalry:

• The Nashashibis

• al-Husaynis

• Hajj Amin

• Arab Higher Committee

T H E Y I S H U V :

• Histadrut

• Haganah

• Mapai Party

• Chaim Weizmann

• The Zionist Organization

of America

1 9 1 7 - P R E S E N T

“ I M M I G R A T I O N ” O F L A N D

C A U S I N G :• T H E W A I L I N G W A L L

D I S T U R B A N C E O F 1 9 2 9

• G R E A T R E V O L T O F 1 9 3 6 -

1 9 3 9

W W I I A N D T H E

B I R T H O F T H E

S T A T E O F I S R A E L

• The Holocaust

• Intercommunal War

• The Jewish Agency Joins

• UNSCOP

• The British Withdraw • M A Y 1 4 , 1 9 4 8

T H E N E X T

D A Y M A Y 1 5 , 1 9 4 8

T H E F I R S T A R A B - I S R A E L I

W A R

I S R A E L I

P O L I T I C A L

S Y S T E M A N D

C U L T U R E

• Enshrine Authority of the State

• Atalena the ship

• Parliamentary Democracy (Knesset)

• Immigration 1948-51 (Ashkenazi and Sephardic)

• Presence of 160,000 Palestinian Arabs from post 1949 borders.

• Nationality Who is Jew? Law of Return

• Military Ben-Gurionism

• Special Relationship U.S. and Israel

• Elections of 1977: Revolt of Sephardim

P A L E S T I N I A N

C O N F L I C T S

• 1968 1.3 million refugees

• No alternative

• Cycle of Dependency

• June War, Arab states failed to liberate Palestine

• Al Fatah

• Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), PELP, DFLP

• Black September

• Munich Massacre 1972

• West Bank Clear Decision?

• Gush Emunium (Bloc of Faithful)

A U T H O R I T A R I A N

R U L E I N S Y R I A

H A F I Z A L - A S A D & S Y R I A

• Awalite;lower-middle class;Ba’ath party

• Commander of air force, minister of defense

• 1966 ousted Amin al-Hafiz

• 1970 elected president of Syria

• Economic shift: high focus on industry,

service & oil

• Education rooted in Ba’athist ideology

• 1973 - Arab struggle against Israel: Golan

Heights & the build up of the Syrian

Army(50,000 —> 400,000)

• Anti-PLO in Lebanon; sided with Iran in Iraq-

Iran war (1980-1988)

A U T H O R I T A R I A N

R U L E I N I R A Q

S A D D A M H U S A Y N & I R A Q

•Sunni; Takrit; Ba’ath party

•Deputy Secretary General of Ba’ath,vice-

chairman of RCC, army general

•1979 - succeeded Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr

as president

•Growing tension between Kurds & Shi’a

•1975 - Algiers Agreement

•Oil wealth & social reform

•Education used to propagate Ba’ath

doctrines

•Rejected UN Resolution 242 (settlement

of Arab-Israeli conflict), denounced

Egyptian-Israeli treaty of 1979

T H E I R A N - I R A Q

W A R ( 1 9 8 0 -

1 9 8 8 )

• 1979 - shah of Iran overthrown

• 1980 - Husayn announces abrogation of

Algiers Agreement

• 5 days later Iraq invades Iran

• Iraq becomes heavily dependent on the

Arab gulf

• US provides Iraq with military intelligence

• 1988 - UN-sponsored cease-fire

• Restoration of Algiers Agreement

• Death toll:Iran - 262,000;

Iraq - 105,000

T H E I S R A E L I -

P A L E S T I N I A N

C O N F L I C T N O W

Q U A N D T

U . S . R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y I N T H E M I D D L E

E A S T

• U.S still has a major interest and a major responsibility to

usher Arab – Israeli peace.

• Obama should mobilize an international coalition and apply

pressure

I S S U E S E N C O U N T E R E D B Y T H E

O B A M A A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

• It started off with conviction but began to lose steam due to

domestic issues such as the recession, stimulus package,

bank bailouts and healthcare.

• Two Elections in the ME made it difficult

• Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu

• Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Nuclear issues,

unable to deal with moderates)

T H E

N E T A N Y A H U

C O N U N D R U M

• Strained Relationships between both leaders.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFFAyYabzhg

• Scaling down Settlements

• http://youtu.be/jAlJ6erL-HY?t=

• Iran’s Nuclear Weapon’s

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

• Ahmadinejad

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wii90Xqq3M4

W H A T T H E O B A M A A D M I N I S T R A T I O N C O U L D H A V E D O N E B E T T E R .

• Obama should have stood his ground on the settlements issue.

• Work with an empowered secretary of state.

• Establish clear paradigms for diplomacy.

• Don’t put in big chips on the table too early.

• Start making the Arab – Israeli issue a national priority

Select a principal spokesman

Create an outline for peace negotiations and rally the

international community to get behind it.

W H A T T H E O B A M A A D M I N I S T R A T I O N S H O U L D D O ,

N E W Y O R K T I M E S - C A R T O O N

FEBRUARY 27, 2015