Polly

Colleen DayHannah FriesenStephanie Hayes

Person Factors

16 year old Caucasian Female who is deaf Communicates using American Sign

Language (ASL) and a Telecommunication Device for the Deaf (TTY)

Independent, motivated, bright, and out-going

Environmental Factors

Lives in Arlington, VA Resides with parents and three siblings Upper middle class suburban areaAccess to activities and friends through

public transportation (Metro)

Occupational Factors

DaughterSisterFriendEnjoys movies, shopping, spending time

with friends, surfing the internet, playing soccer and baseball

Interested in employment, becoming a licensed driver, and attending college

Polly’s Occupational Satisfaction and Potential Goals

Enjoys and Satisfied: Baseball with brother Surfing the web Watching movies at home

Has Difficulty Doing and Would Like to Be More Independent With: Soccer Going to the mall Going to the movies Communication with

friends

Could Do with

Modified AT: Driving Babysitting

Current AT

Closed Caption Television Positives: Can watch television and movies Negatives: Delayed action to verbal timing, can be

inaccurate

TTY Positives: Can potentially communicate with friends

and family, portable Negatives: Transmission is slow, does not feel like

a “real conversation,” the other user must have a TTY

Modifications and Recommendations for New AT

Upgrade TTYSidekick 2Sprint Relay OnlineVibrating Baby MonitorsEmergency Response Indicator

Ameriphone/Clarity Dialogue III TTY Phone

Occupational Influences Allows Polly to contact her friends

and extended family Allows her to contact 911

General Information Convenient and technologically

advanced communication device for people with a hearing impairment

Programmable phone directory for up to 50 names and numbers

Hold, call transfer and three-way calling functions

Tele-access for phone banking and information retrieval…and many more

Cost: $329.97

Ameriphone/Clarity Dialogue III TTY Phone

T- Mobile Sidekick IISidekick II Occupational Influences

Would be able to drive and go shopping independently

Would allow her to contact 911 or parents in case of an emergency

Mother would feel more secure in Polly’s independence

Parents and friends could contact Polly at any time, not just when she is home

General Information TTY compatible- Most common and best

option for customers who are deaf- stated by the customer service supervisor

Cost: $249.99 Easy to purchase and use Contains all features of a typical cell

phone Also includes instant messenger, email,

text messaging and web browsing

Sprint Relay Online

Sprint Relay Online (SM) Occupational Influences

Eliminates TTY barrier, allowing Polly to communicate with friends and family

She is proficiently using the internet and her home computer.

“Sprint Relay Online is a free service that combines traditional relay with service with the ease of the internet.” Can place calls from any internet connection,

including mobile phones No long distances charges and available 24/7

Vibrating Baby Monitor

Vibrating Baby Monitor Occupational Influences

Assists Polly when baby-sitting for neighborhood children

Eases her parents and potential employer’s concerns regarding safety

General Information Signals with a light, sound, and vibration

which continues until turned off or the baby stops calling

Includes a pocket-size notification receiver, belt clip, volume-control nursery transmitter, pocket-sized parental receiver with handy belt clip, AC adapter, and rechargeable battery

Adult assembly required; 1000 ft. range Cost: $59.99

Emergency Response Indicator

Emergency Response Indicator Occupational Influences

Polly wants to be able to learn how to drive safely and independently

Ease some transportation burden from parents, but may increase anxiety level and monetary burden

Allow her more freedom to go out with her friends Increases job possibilities and allow her to be more

independent in babysitting

Features of Indicator

Efficiency: Easy and Intuitive to Use Effectiveness:

Flexible sensitivity to avoid interference from extraneous noises

Portable and hardwired units available Can also be used when walking, jogging, or riding a bike Has been adapted for hotel’s non-visual smoke detectors

Delivery Time: Standard shipping and handling Training Needs:

Incorporate looking at the device periodically (i.e. when checking the mirrors)

Know how to appropriately respond

Features (Cont.)

Safety: Allows someone who is deaf or hearing impaired to be alerted

of safety vehicles in the vicinity. The system may pick up other noises and cause her to be

unnecessarily alarmed or the system may fail to alert her

causing a safety hazard. Cost: $198 Feasibility of purchase:

Available from Hearing Solutions or Manufacturer- Northern Wolf Enterprises

May be funded through GM Mobility Reimbursement

Features (Cont.)

Environmental Analysis: In the car while driving When walking, jogging, or biking Programmable sensitivity may be limited in

metropolitan areas Soft Technology/Strategies for Use:

OT or trained instructor to educate Polly in training needs

Process for Obtaining

Available for purchase online Funding: Self pay or potential GM

reimbursementPotential training needed before use

Role of OT

Advocate: Providing tools to facilitate independenceTeaching the Deaf to Drive

Educator:Teaching Polly how to use AT Teaching compensatory strategies

Direct Care: Know Polly’s individual needsFollow-up with satisfaction

Evaluation and Outcome Measure

Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM): Administered Pre and Post Intervention Purpose: To measure perceived change in

occupational performance Performance, Satisfaction, and Importance

Used to elicit information about Polly’s goals and areas of needed improvement

Good reliability and validity Client centered Potential difficulties in communication- possible

interpreter needed

Follow-Up: Success or Failure

Discuss the number of times the device alerted Polly inappropriately as well as effectively

Evaluate overall safety

Interview with Tyson Kanoya

Tyson Kanoya Individual who is deaf Coach for National US Deaf Soccer Team Employed at Paraquad

Interview via email correspondence- April 7, 2005 Discussed Polly joining her high school varsity soccer

team Suggested strongly advocating for her to be able to join the team Stated AT was not needed Suggested compensatory strategies would be useful

Increase spatial and temporal awareness through adaptive visual strategies

Team cueing also increases awareness Also encouraged Polly to explore joining Deaflympics

soccer team

Efficacy Article 1: TTYs and Contacting Graduate Programs

Olkin, R. & Shafton-Bias, E. (1997). Using a TTY to contact clinical graduate programs. American Annals of the Deaf, 142, 312-315.

Purpose: To see how many APA accredited graduate programs have a

working TTY To see what department or office does the number connect to To see what happens when they call the TTY number

Methods: Obtained TTY number via applicant materials or by calling

information (both traditional and TTY) Called each TTY number recording all transactions

TTYs and Contacting Graduate Programs (cont.)

Conclusions: 5 years after the ADA went into affect Only 86 out of the original 177 programs could be reached

(49%) 60% of the calls were transferred to “disabled student services”

while 16% went to the main switchboard and 6% went to the admissions office

None of the 86 programs had a TTY that connected directly to their department or school of their department

Only 5 programs listed their TTY number in the application materials

Most of the TTY numbers needed to be obtained through the voice phone listings

Relation to Polly: One of Polly’s future goal is to attend college. If undergraduate

schools are similar to graduate ones it will be extremely difficult for Polly to apply to college independently.

Efficacy Article 2: Text Telephone and Videophone Relay Services

Götherström, U.C., Persson, J., & Jonsson, D. (2004). A comparative study of text telephones and video relay services. Technology and Disability, 16. 101-109.

Purpose: To Compare the availability, satisfaction and cost of a traditional

text telephone relay service versus a videophone relay service

Participants: People who were born deaf and used ASL that were 18 years

or older 41 participants; largest age range 31-60 years 16 that only used the text telephone and 25 used both Text

telephone and videophone relay

Text Telephone and Videophone Relay Services (cont.) Methods:

Longitudinal study measured in three month intervals by self report questionnaire

Conclusions: The satisfaction of the text telephone was rated significantly lower

than the videophone relay (p<.05) The cost of the videophone relay was over 30,000 SEK ($4,286)

per year higher than the text phone On the QOL measure there was no difference between the groups Text telephones relay services are open 24 hours per day while

video relay services are only open from 8 AM – 8 PM Relation to Polly:

We thought about recommending Polly a videophone. However, do to the high cost and inaccessibility in the States, we felt that it would not add to her independence or quality of life.

Low Tech Design

Baby-sitting Educational Game KitMatching Game: Ages 3-8 years Board Game: Ages 7-16 years

High Tech Design

Portable Captioning System Purposes

Allows Polly to watch the most current movies independently Allows Polly to watch movies in any movie theatre

Components Microprocessor

Changes signal from DTS to ASCii format Network Cable USB Cable RF Broadcast Transmitter and Receiver

Frequency must be FCC approved Transmitter placed in the middle of the theatre to get the best range

for patrons LED Screen

With scrolling and multi-line features

Portable Captioning System

Thank You

Thank you to the following individuals for your support and guidance throughout the past semester:Kerri Morgan, OTR/LJoe Klaesner, PhDTyson KanoyaEach and everyone of you!