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Pollinators in Agriculture
Joe RinehartInsect Cryobiology and Ecophysiology GroupUSDA-ARS/ NDSUFargo, North Dakota
honeybee
NativePollinators
ManagedPollinators
Alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata
USDA-ARS
spring-summer
summer
winter
spring
SpringCold
Stress
Adult emergence after cold stress as a red eyed pupa
Red-eye pupae exposed to low temperatures exhibited sub-lethal effects on adult performance.
Bennett et al. 2015
• Less adult feeding
• Shorter adult longevity
• Other issues as well
control FTR STR
24 72 61 6
48 69 49 7
72 72 40 3
96 72 30 6
hours survivedtotal deformity
normal wing deformity
Red-eye pupae exposed to -5°C resulted in some adults exhibiting wing deformities.
Data courtesy of Meg Bennett
control low temp stress
low temp stress males females collectively
% defects in flight 71% 29% 50%
Data taken under cover of darkness from Meg Bennett
red-eyed pupaeSTR/FTR for 1 week
newly emerged adults0°C treatment
2 weeksof development
Data taken by force from Meg Bennett
mid-June
May incubation
Jun-July1st generation
Sept-April
July
July-August2nd generation
Diapause
Diapause
1-5 larval instars
eye pigmented pupa
prepupa
body pigmented pupa
adult
to diapauseor not to diapause
• diapause determination under maternal control• “decision” affected by daylength and temperature
American FarmersPredominantly non-diapausers
Increased diseaseDecreased total yield
(<1 bee returned for every one released)
Canadian FarmersPredominantly diapausers
Increased bee healthIncreased total yield
(2-4 bees returned for every one released)
40 tons imported annually
Pollination Nation Research Experience for Undergraduates
20152013
2017 2018
ICE Research Network
USDAGeorge YocumJoe RinehartMarcia HagenMarnie LarsonNyle JonasonBonnie MuhlDacotah MelicherArun RajamohanKorie Debardlabon
NDSUKendra GreenleeJulia BowsherGiancarlo LopezJeff KittilsonMicki PalmersheimMia Park Courtney GrulaHeather NorthElisabeth WilsonKayla EarlsLiz CambronGeorgia DavisOsama Mahdi
CDC FoundationAndrew DoschJacob Campbell
AlumniAlex Torson (University of Western Ontario)Meg Bennett (Arizona State University)
PIsSupport peepsPostdocsGrad StudentsUndergraduatesReally fortunate dudes
Noha AbdelrahmanAmundsonClaire CampionAlex EvensonErica KellyAdele MaloneRikki WalterAmanda Wilson