Politics of Identity in Taiwan

Week 6

Week 8: Teaching Outline

• Change of Taiwanese Identity

• Self Identity and Party Preference

• Generation and Identity

National Identity

DeconstructionReconstruction

Civic Exchange

Myth

1979 1987 1993 2000 2008

1. Change of Taiwanese Identity

1. Change of Taiwanese Identity

（ 1992-2012）

_x _x _x0

10

20

30

40

50

60

17.6

46.4

25.5

54.3

38.5

3.6

1992.12

2012.12

2. Change of Taiwanese Identity（ 1992-2012）

1992

.12

2008

.12

2009

.12

2010

.12

2011

.6

2011

.12

2012

.6

2012

.12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

17.6

48.451.6 52.7 54.2 52.2 53.7 54.3

46.443.1

39.8 39.8 39 40.3 39.6 38.5

25.5

4 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.1 3.6

台湾认同

重叠认同

中国认同

Taiwanese People’s Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence（ 2000-2012）

2000.122001.122002.122003.122004.122005.122006.122007.122008.122009.122010.122011.062011.122012.062012.120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

29.5

35.9 36.235

36.5 37.338.7

36.835.8 35.1 35.9

33.3 33.8 33.8 33.9

11.610.5

13.8 14.5 15.214.2 13.8 13.7

1615

16.217.4

15.6 15.3 15.1

3.1 2.84.3

6.24.4

6.1 5.6

7.8 7.15.8 6.1 5.8

4.6 4.3 4.8

维持再说

永远维持

“ ”缓 独

缓统

“ ”急 独

急统

Changing Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence among Taiwanese People（ 2000-2012)

急“独” 缓“独” 维持现状 缓统 急统0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

200020082012

Changing Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence（ 2000-2012)

1994.12 2000.12 2008.12 2010.12 2011.06 2011.12 2012.06 2012.120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

11.114.7

23.1

22.323.2

20.2 19.6 19.9

9.8

19.2 21.5

25.426.8 27.4

29.427.4

38.5

29.5

35.8 35.9

33.3 33.8 33.8 33.9

“倾向 独”立

永远维持现状

再决定

倾向统一

Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence under Specific Condition (2008.6)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

非常同意 同意 不同意 非常不同意

和平分离有条件统一

战争分离无条件统一

Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence under

Specific Condition（ 2008－ 2012）

和平分离 有前提统一 战争分离 无条件统一0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

57.6

33.128.7

9.9

56.8

34.931.6

10.3

TED-S2008P

People’s Position on the Issue of Unification vs. Independence（ 2008－ 2012）

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

11.2

1.62.7

5.84.4

47.5

5.83.5 3

0.6 3.5

TEDS2008P

Impact of Self-Identity on the Position on Unification vs. Independence （ 2008 ）

“ ”急 独 “ ”缓 独 再决定 永远维持 缓统 急统0

10

20

30

40

50

60

11.4

25.2

34.3

3.5 1.31.7

6.9

48.2

17.7 18.2

3.41.1

32.321.5

26.9

10.8

台湾人都是中国人

Impact of Self-Identity on the Position on Unification vs. Independence （ 2012 ）

“ ”急 独 “ ”缓 独 再决定 永远维持 缓统 急统0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

10.3

24.8

31.4

20.3

6.4

0.51.4 1.4

26

30.1

23.3

0.5

台湾人

都是

中国人

2. Impact of Self Identity on Party Preference

台湾人 都是 中国人0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

32

63.8 64.4

47

20.616.4

偏好国民党偏好民进党

Taiwanese Self-Preference and Perception of Different Parties in Unification &

Independence Spectrum (2012)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

受访者

国民党

民进党

Taiwanese Perception of Their Preferred Party’s Position in Unification & Independence

Spectrum (2012)

“ ”偏 独 中间 偏统0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

3.3

31

59.9

72.7

15.2

7.8

国民党偏好者民进党偏好者

Impact of People’s Unification/Independence Position on Their Party Preference (2012)

“ ”偏 独 “ ”不统不 独 偏统0

1020304050607080

24.1

49.4

75

61.1

29.225.3

偏好国民党偏好民进党

Unification/Independence Position of Different Party’s Supporters （ 2012 ）

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2.1

10.6

64.7

17.7

2.6

11.9

28.1

49.3

7.1

1.3

国民党偏好者民进党偏好者

Changing Position on Unification/Independence of KMT’s Supporters （ 1995 － 2012 ）

“ ”急 独 “ ”缓 独 维持现状 缓统 急统0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

国民党1995

国民党2008

国民党2012

Changing Position on Unification/Independence of DPP’s Supporters （ 1995 － 2012 ）

“ ”急 独 “ ”缓 独 维持现状 缓统 急统0

10

20

30

40

50

60

民进党1995

Linked Identity, Attitude to Unification & Party Preference:

Their Relations with Cross-Strait Exchange

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

连锁认同泛蓝偏好两岸贸易接受统一

Linked Identity, Attitude to Unification & Party Preference:

Their Relations with Cross-Strait Exchange

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

连锁认同

不排除统一

偏好泛蓝

两岸贸易

Growth of Trade and Change of Taiwanese Identity (TI)（ From Lin 2010, p.257）

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Trade

TI

Separated Identity, Attitude to Independence & Party Preference:

Their Relations with Cross-Strait Exchange

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

台湾认同偏好泛绿两岸贸易

“ ”支持 独立

Separated Identity, Attitude to Unification & Party Preference:

Their Relations with Cross-Strait Exchange

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10

台湾认同

拒绝统一

偏好泛绿

两岸贸易

Identity, Attitude to Unification & Independence, and Party Preference:

Their Relations with Cross-Strait Trade

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

台湾认同

“支持 独”立

偏好泛绿

偏好泛蓝

两岸贸易

3. Impact of Social Cleavage on Party SystemTaiwanese Self Identity and Perception of

Different Parties in Left-Right Spectrum

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

受访者国民党民进党

Taiwanese Self Identity and Perception of Different Parties in Left-Right Spectrum

立场偏左的受访者（ K7， 0-4）

立场偏右的受访者（ K7,6-10）

01020304050607080

53.8 52.761.3

73

认为民进党立场偏左

认为国民党立场偏右

Taiwanese Self Identity and Perception of Different Parties in Left-Right Spectrum

偏左（ K7, 0-4）

中间（ K7,5） 偏右（ K7,6-10）

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

42.5

21.1 22.230.2

37.1

64

偏好民进党

偏好国民党

Taiwanese Perception of Different Parties in Left-Right Spectrum

解决贫富

分化的能

力

改善社会

福利的能

力

解决贫富

分化的能

力

改善社会

福利的能

力

2008 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 37.8

21.124

28.1

10.3

27.4 28.4

24.7

国民党民进党

Taiwanese Self Identity and Perceptions of Different Parties in the

Spectrum of Social Welfare

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

受访者国民党民进党

Taiwanese Self Identity and Perceptions of Different Parties in the Spectrum of Environment Protection and

Economic Development

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

受访者国民党民进党

Party Preference among Taiwanese People （2000-2011.6）

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 年度

中立国民党民进党亲民党

台联

Party Preference and Votes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

泛蓝得票泛蓝偏好泛绿得票偏好泛绿

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.24)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.25)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.28)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.29)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.30)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.30)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.32)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.33)

3. Generation and Identity(Rigger 2006, p.33)

Blue-Green

4th Measure

3rd Measure

2nd Measure

TI vs. Unif.

Party Preference

Sefe Identification

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

56.8

31.6

25.7

23.4

35.77

57.3

8.3

58.1

47.5

59.2

18.88

36.2

34.9

10.3

16.4

12.1

45.35

3.7

TaiwaneseMiddleChinese