8/11/2019 Politics Article Summary

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Poli 320, John McAndrews

Subject Pool Alternative Article Summary

Kim, Grace 22!"0#2

Qiong Li and Marilynn B. Brewer

$hat %oes &t Mean to 'e an American( Patriotism, )ationalism, and

American &dentity a*ter #+""

Summary

i and 'rewer -200./ discuss the dierence between 1atriotism and

nationalism and attem1t to nd the relationshi1 between the two and

interrou1 attitudes within the 4nited States5 6hey hy1othesi7e that

1atriotism would be 1ositively correlated with internationalist values, and

that nationalism would show the reverse5 6wo *actors aectin the

relationshi1 are common essence and common oal5 6hey carry out their

e81eriment by conductin 9uestionnaires with a rou1 o* collee students

and a rou1 o* community members5 6he 9uestionnaire measured 1atriotism

and nationalism, as well as e8amine diversity tolerance5 6hey also e8amined

the eects o* the two *actors -mentioned 1reviously/ throuh 1rimin

mani1ulation, ivin hal* the 1artici1ants a biased e8cer1t includin the

conce1t o* core essence, while ivin the other hal* an e8cer1t o* the

conce1t o* common oal5 'y usin a 1atriotism score, a closeness ratin, and

a ratin on the vitality o* bein born in the 45S5, s1ea:in ;nlish, and bein

<hristian, they could measure the level o* tolerance amon the res1ondents5

 6he results showed that the national identication and averae tolerance

level chaned very little with mani1ulation5 Additionally, there is a 1ositive

correlation between 1atriotism and nationalism when essence=based 1rimin

is involved, and this ty1e o* 1rimin also 1roduced a res1onse o* hiher

cultural intolerance with e8treme 1atriotism5 >owever, very minimal

connections could be drawn between 1atriotism and nationalism when oal=

based 1rimin was involved, and a relationshi1 between 1atriotism and

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intolerance could not be *ound either5 As *or nationalism, it could be

connected to hiher levels o* intolerance *or both ty1es o* 1rimin5 6hese

results are meant to dis1lay the dierence between 1atriotism and

nationalism and the inde1endence o* one *rom the other5 6he relationshi1

that can be drawn *rom the two is de1endent on the two *actors that 1rovide

a bac:dro1, essence=based or oal=based5 Such eects are vital as these

conditions can be used as 1olitical tools to mani1ulate the 1ublic5 6hey

conclude by statin how America is better o havin a common=oal

*oundation i* it desires to achieve a 1luralistic society5

Reaction

i and 'rewer?s -200./ arument is convincin, but their e81eriment has a

sliht issue that ta:es away *rom their arument5 6heir subject 1ool is 9uite

small and slihtly biased as a majority o* the res1ondents were collee

students5 & aree with their end result because & understand that 1atriotism

and nationalism hold dierent meanins, and because &?ve noticed American

1oliticians 1layin with the two conditions in order to 1ursue their own oals,

but & still nd the e81eriment itsel* lac:in5 6his article su11orts the idea that

1rimin does aect the American 1ublic and that the 1ublic is vulnerable tomani1ulation5 >ence, it may be desirable to have a more educated

electorate in order to minimi7e the neative eects o* 1rimin

-mani1ulation/5