Upload
cece
View
50
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Political Psychology: Citizen Behaviors and Opinions. Lecture 2 Obedience to authority. Program. Variants of the Milgram experiment Explanation of obedience Milgram, 50 years later. Variants of the Milgram experiment. Lecture 2 Obedience to authority. Experiment #2. Experiment #2. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Political Psychology:Citizen Behaviors and Opinions
Lecture 2
Obedience to authority
Program
Variants of the Milgram experiment
Explanation of obedience
Milgram, 50 years later
Variants of the Milgram experiment
Lecture 2
Obedience to authority
Experiment #2
Experiment #2
Prediction of psychiatrists:
mean maximum shock = 120 volts
0,125% will go up to 450 volts
Experiment #2
Results :
mean maximum shock = 375 volts
25/40 (63%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #11
Choice of shock level
mean maximum shock = 75 volts
1/40 (3%) administer 450 volts
Experiment #11
Experiment #8
Women
mean maximum shock = 375 volts
26/40 (65%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #5
Yale basement, less luxurious
mean maximum shock = 375 volts
26/40 (65%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #10
Private run-down building
mean maximum shock = 315 volts
19/40 (48%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #3
Victim in the same room
mean maximum shock = 315 volts
16/40 (40%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #4
Contact with the victim
mean maximum shock = 270 volts
12/40 (30%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #7
Distance of experimenter
mean maximum shock = 270 volts
9/40 (21%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #12
Learner demands shocks
mean maximum shock = 150 volts
0/40 (0%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #13
Experiment #13
Ordinary experimenter
mean maximum shock = 240 volts
4/40 (20%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #14
Experiment #14
Ordinary experimenter, scientist victim
mean maximum shock = 150 volts
0/40 (0%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #15
Experiment #15
Conflict between 2 experimenters
mean maximum shock = 150 volts
0/40 (0%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #16
Experiment #16
Two scientists: one is the victim, one is the experimenter
mean maximum shock = 360 volts
13/20 (65%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #17
Experiment #17
Division of tasks: revolt
mean maximum shock = 240 volts
4/40 (10%) go up to 450 volts
Experiment #18
Experiment #18
Division of tasks: conformity
mean maximum shock = 405 volts
37/40 (93%) go up to 450 volts
Explanation of obedience
Lecture 2
Obedience to authority
Two modes
Individual mode
Organizational mode
(agentic state)
Factors that favor obedience Antecedent conditions
– Family– Institutional setting– Rewards
Immediate conditions– Perception of authority– Entry into the authority system– Link between command and function– Overarching ideology
Agentic state
Properties and consequences– Tuning– Redefined meaning of the situation– Loss of responsibility– Deactivation of self-image
Binding factors– Sequential nature of the action– Situational obligations– Anxiety
Milgram, 50 years later
Lecture 2
Obedience to authority
Milgram, 50 years later
A product of a particular era (1960s) and a particular country (USA)?
The equivalent of a genocide?
Ethics committees
The US, after Milgram
9 studies, 1967 to 1976
Average obedience rate: 61%
ABC news, 2007: 65%
The world, after Milgram
9 studies, 1968 to 1985
Australia (40%), Austria (80%), England (50%), India (43%), Italy (85%), Jordan (63%), South Africa (88%), Spain (50%), and West Germany (85%).
French film, 2010: 81%
The world, after Milgram
Like a genocide?
Minus the propaganda, minus the threat of coercion.
Extra close supervision.
Subsidiary task.