Political Geography

By: Emily, Allie,

Olivia, and Kaleb

I can explain the difference between

physical and cultural boundaries

of States:

-Physical boundaries influence identity of a population by limiting interaction. -Cultural boundary influence separation of cultural groups due to differences in their beliefs. One example is religion.

I can explain the influences of

boundaries on identity,

interaction, and exchange:

-Physical boundaries are determined by significant features of the landscape. Some physical boundaries include deserts or

mountains. Transportation becomes impossible or highly dangerous.

-Cultural boundaries prevent social groups from mixing due to fear of losing their cultural values to the influences of

another culture.

I can identify and differentiate

between state, State, and nation-

state:

-state: An area that is organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs (Ex: Wisconsin, Idaho, etc.)-State: A land area much larger than a state that still has boundaries along with cultural and physical differences. (Ex: Russia, Canada, China, etc.)-Nation state: A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has transformed into a nationality. There are no perfect examples, but Denmark is a close one.

I can explain how the

contemporary political pattern evolved through colonization and

imperialism:

-Colonialism is the establishment of settlements in a territory and imposition of a colonizer's political,

economic, and cultural principles. Ex: European colonies that were established to

promote Christianity -Imperialism is the control of a territory that is

occupied and organized by an indigenous society

I can explain democratization and how it affected the evolution of the contemporary

political pattern:

-Democratization occurs when a political system becomes democratic, or equal for all.

I can explain the changing

nature of sovereignty:

-Sovereignty- A state's independence from control of its internal affairs by other

states, to sustain the production of cash crops for external consumption and export.

I can explain and discuss how

fragmentation, unification, and

alliances challenge political-territorial

arrangements:

-Fragmentation: The breaking apart of a country or region.

-Unification: The coming together or countries or regions usually toward a mutual benefit.

-Alliances: The befriending of two or more countries.

This usually benefits both sides of the friendship.

I can explain supranationalism and devolution:

-Supranationalism: three or more countries that create an alliance for their benefit such as economic, cultural or political. (Ex: NAFTA, EU, UN)-Devolution: The division/separation of a country due to internal problems. (Ex: the breakdown of the Soviet Union)

I can explain gerrymandering:

-Gerrymandering is the (illegal) process in which

legislative boundaries are redrawn by the political

party in charge of the state legislature in order to benefit themselves

I can describe three States who support terrorism and their

methods of support:

-Afghanistan: Sheltered Osama Bin Laden and other Al-Quaeda terrorists

-Libya: Sponsored many terrorist attacks. Ex: Nightclub in Berlin,

Germany.-Iran: Provided sanctuary to known

terrorists

VOCAB:

State

Imperialism

European Union

Devolution

Terrorism

State

• an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs

• EX: US• EX: Canada

Imperialism

• control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group

• EX Soviet Union• EX: Apartheid in Africa

European Union

• An economic and political associated of certain European countries with internal free trade and common external tariffs

Devolution

• the transfer of power to a lower level, central government to local

Terrorism

• the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims

• EX: 911• EX: Warship USS Cole

Exclave

Enclave

Balance of Powers

Gerrymandering

Federal State

Exclave

• A portion of territory of one state that is detached from the motherland

• EX: Alaska• EX: Kaliningrad (Russia)

Enclave

• a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct

Balance of Powers

• condition off roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries

Gerrymandering

• the process of redrawing legislative boundaries or the purpose of benefiting the party in power

• EX: Illinois District 4

Federal State

• an internal organization of a state that allocates most peers to units of local government

• EX: US• EX: Switzerland

Unitary State

Frontier

Supranationalism

United Nations

Landlocked State

Unitary State

• An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

• EX: United Kingdom• EX: Republic of France

Frontier

• a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control

• EX: The Great Lakes

Supranationalism

• an alliance involving 3 or more countries for their mutual benefits such as economic, cultural, political, or military help

• EX: NATO• EX: OPEC

United Nations

• an international organization of countries set up in 1945

• after the League of Nations, to promote international peace, security, and economic development

Landlocked State

• a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

• EX: KY• EX: Bolivia

Fragmented State

Prorupted State

Perforated State

Elongated State

Compact State

Fragmented State

• a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

• EX: US• EX: Denmark

Prorupted State

• an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

• EX: Thailand• EX: Burma

Perforated State

• a state that completely surrounded another one

• EX: Italy• EX: South Africa

Elongated State

• a state with a long, narrow state• EX: California• EX: Chile

Compact State

• a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly

• EX: Botswana• EX: Zimbabwe

Boundary

Colonialism

Microstates

Nation-State

Colony

Boundary

• Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

• EX: US-Canada• EX: US-Mexico

Colonialism•an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory•EX: Europe in Asia•EX: Europe in Africa

Colony• a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state

rather than completely independent• EX: 13 British Colonies that started the US

• EX: Brazil

•Microstates• a state the encompasses a very small

land area• EX: Andorra• EX: Vatican City

•Nation-State• a state whose territory corresponds to

that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

• EX: Iceland• EX: Japan

Sovereignty

Physical boundaries

Cultural boundaries

NAFTA

• Sovereignty• the ability of a state to govern its territory

free of control of its internal affairs by on other states• EX: Australia• EX: US

• Physical boundaries• a natural phenomena that limits the intermingling of two groups of people

• EX: Mountains• EX: Rivers

• Cultural boundaries• the tendency of different people to avoid one another due to conflicting

beliefs• EX: India and Pakistan

•NAFTA•North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement•It joined US, Canada, and Mexico forming

one of the world’s three main industrial regions