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Policy, scholarship and workforce development
Tim SwanwickSenior Clinical Adviser and Postgraduate Dean, Health Education England
Hannah MaxeyDirector of the Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research & Policy, Indiana University School of Medicine
What’s the problem?• No clearly identifiable public forum for an international
community of applied healthcare researchers, workforce developers and educators in which to discuss and debate key heath workforce issues
• Stakeholders find evidence (and informed debate) around workforce development hard to locate
Exercise (1/2)In groups of (exactly) five:• Take one card each. The words on the card describe
a particular domain in health workforce development• Introduce yourself and outline to the group what you
understand by the word on your card, and what it means in your context (5’)
• Discuss with group members the relationship (interface/interaction/influence) between your domain and the others within the group (10’)
Exercise (2/2)• What value, if any, do academic journals add to that
system? (10’)then• Feed back the key issue discussed
The case for a journal of health workforce developmentProfessor Tim SwanwickSenior Clinical Adviser and Postgraduate Dean
Strategic context• HEE has a statutory duty to promote research in the
Health and Social Care Act (2012), HEE Directions• NHS Constitution obliges us all to ‘conduct and use
research to improve the current and future health and care of the population’
• Department of Health: shared delivery plan 2015 to 2020 sets out to’ encourage a culture of innovation and exploration to ensure the NHS is among the best in the world in meeting the healthcare challenges of the 21st century.’
• ‘…workforce redesign should be a national research priority
• Health Education England should consider how it can support the dissemination of good practice examples”.
A journal for HEE?The Journal would aim to provide an international forum for scholarly discussion and debate, and the dissemination of research and innovation, in the broad area of health workforce development, from educational practice, through service transformation to workforce policy and planning. The Journal would be both scholarly and pragmatic, connecting professional groups across health and social care. The Journal’s over-riding purpose would be to contribute to the development of better informed professional practice and social policy.
Building a case for a journalParallel strands of investigation:1. Survey of publications in the field2. Background contextual information3. Semi-structured interviews with potential contributors4. Market research to government specifications
Unprofessional education
Focus on specific aspect
Health services research
1. Survey of publications
Open Access
• Green• Gold
Research Evaluation Framework (REF)
• Outputs (65%)• Environment (15%)• Impact (20%)
2. Background context
• Position• Competition• Readership• Format• Contributions and charges• Content• Recommendations for further consideration
3. Contributor research
Position‘the welcoming of, and potential intersections between, the different fields you mention captures the zeitgeist of healthcare education and is of great interest to me. I believe this is exactly where we need to be discussing the future of healthcare education.’
‘we make hundreds of decisions but we are [criticised for there being] no rigour to decisions and a lack of documented evidence to back up’
‘it must be provocative to be useful, otherwise could all be a bit anodyne’
‘this would tie you to UK mainly (?) and most journals are now very international’
Competition‘there is a need for this type of journal and for it to represent the breadth of health professions’
‘there’s nothing vaguely comparable’
Readership• applied health researchers• healthcare professions researchers in higher education
institutions• professionals delivering education and training in the
clinical environment• strategic planners and those engaged in workforce
transformation• human resource and organisational development
professionals
Format‘Has to be online’
[requires] ‘a sound and reputable partner’.
• Gold level open access preferable• Multimedia platform
Contributions and charges• For research-led universities, funding an ‘article
processing charge’ is not usually a problem as these are either designed in grant applications or available from a central university fund
• In ‘post ’92’ universities, practitioner researchers and low income countries may struggle to identify funding
• Need to look at how to privilege certain types of submissions or those from individuals working in the service through a sliding scale of charges
• In order to build readership there would need to be an ‘amnesty’ on charges’ during the 1-2 years
Original research
Innovation reports
Thought pieces
Reviews
Policy debates
Evaluations
Dialogues
International observatory
Critical examination of
‘accepted truths’
Case studies and
personal stories
Theoretical frameworks
Annotated bibliographies
Identification of research questions
Workforce planning data analyses
Practitioner research
Content
Market research set out to discover if: 1. There is a lack of provision that foregrounds
innovation and scholarship in relation to the education, training and development of the multi-professional healthcare workforce.
2. There is a clearly identifiable public forum for an international community of applied healthcare researchers, developers and educators in which to hold discussion and debate around important healthcare workforce issues.
4. Market research
‘There exists a need for a peer reviewed academic journal that deals specifically with healthcare workforce, education, and innovation that also provides a forum for professionals of this domain to communicate and exchange ideas.’
• 73% of respondents agreed that is currently difficult to access information within the domain
• 60% said it was difficult to publish or share their research and other scholarly outputs within the domain
• 90% said there is a need to better promote the domain to stakeholders• 79% identified that no publication serves the domain in a way that
successfully bridges academic work with that of practice and policy• 76% said there was a publication gap in the domain• 79% stated that they were usually unsuccessful in finding material on
health workforce innovation (24% of them 90% of the time)• 87% go to peer reviewed sources before other information portals• 72% indicated a preference for information from an academic
publication from a trusted source, increasing to 87% if open access
Market research subsequently asked: 3. What would be the features of a successful solution?
OnlineOpen accessImpact factor attractiveReputable/credibleApplicable to real worldStimulates debateVariety of contentBreadth of audienceRapid turn aroundLow article processing charges
The response‘you are not approved to carry on with this project in its current form’
‘the discovery leans too heavily to prescribed solutions’
‘if there is a genuine need for such a journal then it can be provided by the private sector and without the need for public funding with perhaps some HEE help and encouragement’
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Developing a New Journal: Health Workforce Research and Policy
Hannah L. Maxey, PhD, MPH, RDH
Assistant Professor of Family Medicine
Director, Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research & Policy
Indiana University School of Medicine
Connor W. Norwood, MHA
Research Associate
Assistant Director, Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research & Policy
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Health Workforce Research/Policy: Defining the field
• The health workforce force is large and diverse but many topics/issues are cross-cutting
• Health services/policy research focused on the health workforce
• Descriptive analyses producing information on the supply, distribution, and educational & practice characteristics
• Analytic analyses• Supply/demand modeling and projections• Impact of policies (regulatory, reimbursement,
organizational, etc.)• Determine predictors of specialty, practice choices• Evaluating impact of workforce on patient/population
health outcomes and cost, quality and access within the health system
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Developing a New Journal: Rationale• Formalizing the field • Organizing the body of knowledge
• Consistent, reputable source of information• Process for expert peer review
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Establishing a New Journal
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
IUPUI Center for Digital ScholarshipThe IUPUI University Library Center for Digital Scholarship enriches the research capabilities of scholars at IUPUI, within Indiana communities, and beyond by: Digitally disseminating unique scholarship, data, and artifacts created by IUPUI faculty, students, staff and community partners; Advocating for the rights of authors, fair use, and open access to information and publications;
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Journal Checklist
Journal TitlePublication Schedule (e.g. monthly, quarterly)Scope and focusTarget AudienceTypes of content (essays, research papers etc…)Review processProposed editorial PersonnelFunding Source, if anyTarget date for first publicationIndexing
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Editorial Personnel
Proposed Editorial PersonnelEditor(s) in chiefOther editors, if
any (e.g. managing editor)Editorial or
advisory board, if anyPotential
reviewers
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Other decisions
Open Access vs. Subscription
Print on Demand (digital)vs. Print
Publisher (e.g. professional organization? University?)
How to drum up contentExample: partner with a conference to ensure
adequate number of annual submissions?
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Open Access
• Free, immediate, online availability and rights to use articles in the digital environment.
• Ensures that anyone can access knowledge and it translate into action.
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Benefits of Open Access
• For Authors• Work more visible
• For Journals• Increased Potential Readership• Content available to those who need it
most
• Indiana State Government (and likely other states, countries, provinces, etc.) do not have access to literature most research and literature
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Open Journal System (OJS)
• Open Journal Systems (OJS) is a journal management and publishing system that has been developed by the Public Knowledge Project (PKP) through its federally funded efforts to expand and improve access to research.
• Website: https://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs/
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
OJS Use
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Example: Advances in Social Work
• Published by IU School of Social Work
• Biannual publication schedule
• ~30 Publications/Year
• Faculty serves as Editor in Chief
• Graduate Assistant (PhD Student) (15-20 hours) Managing Editor
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Journal Management Systems
• OJS is one of many systems available
• Benefits:• Cost effective• Manages all stages of publishing process• Open Source• Provides open access solutions
• Down Falls:• Subscription based options are possible, but not
seamless
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
OJS Resources and Support at IU
• IU Center for Digital Scholarship
• Ted Polley, MLIS• Social Sciences &
Digital Publishing Librarian
• Provides support for OJS journals and publishing
• Supported by University
B O W E N C E N T E R F O R H E A L T H W O R K F O R C E R E S E A R C H & P O L I C YI N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y S C H O O L O F M E D I C I N E
Next Steps
Buy-in from International Health Workforce Collaborative and other key stakeholder
Establish Editorial Board and/or Advisory Board to spearhead establishment of a new journal
