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Policy on Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation in China
Dr Xiaolin Wang
APEC Food Security Training and Workshop · Beijing
2015
9/9/2015
Contents
1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and
Food Security
2 Explanation of China’s Achievements
3 Future Challenges
4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation
(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020
5 Policies of AMPA
1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security
1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security
1.China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and Food Security
2013 Global Hunger Index
1990 1995 2000 2005 2014
13.6 10.7 8.5 6.8 5.4
9/9/2015
Contents
1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and
Food Security
2 Explanation of China’s Achievements
3 Future Challenges
4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation
(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020
5 Policies of AMPA
The Concept of Poverty in Chinese？
Poverty
贫困
贫
Pin
分
Fen
Deprived: Rights
Carved up: Economic
贝
Bei
Money: Economic
Property: Economic
困
Kun
Be in trouble: Social and Natural
Environment
Five Dimensions of poverty in Chinese
Social
Political
Environ-mental
Cultural
Economic
贫困 Poverty
Development Goals: Xiaokang Society in 2020
Economy
Politics
Culture Society
Ecology
All-round Well-off Society in 2020 (Xiaokang Society)
• 5 dimensions
Leading Group Office of Poverty Reduction, State Council
(LGOP)
LGOP(Central Gov.)
MoA MoE MoH …
LGOP(Local Gov.)
MoA MoE MoH …
Main Policies
4 Wheel Drive
Reform Regional
Development
Development
-oriented PA Social
Security
Economic Reforms
• Household-based land contract system
• The system of compensated use of land owned by the State
Land System Reform
12
Economic Reforms
• 1978-1992: Improvement of planned price system
• 1993-now: Establishment of market price system
Price System Reform
13
Economic Reforms
• Permission of the development of private enterprises
• Protection of the private property rights
• Reforms on the state-owned enterprises
Enterprises Reform
14
How to?
Empowerment
Land and Labor
Exchange conditions
Free Mobility
and Migration
Private Enterprises
15
Measures for Empowerment
Land and Labor
Household Contract Responsibility System; clear property rights
Exchange Opening Agricultural Market and
releasing price control
Free Mobility
Migration
Private Enterprises
Encourage the development of private enterprises
16
How to?
Technology Innovation &
Learning
Introduction of Agricultural
technical innovation
system
Improvement of grain
output
Improvement of the poor’s
capability
17
Main Regional Development Policies
• 14 Regions
– Infrastructure of Cross regions
• High way, Rail way, Logistic park
• Industry park
– Economic Cooperation Between East and West
– Public services
– Ecological Construction
Main Policies on Development-oriented PA
• 120,000 villages – Integrated Village Development Project (IVDP) – Industry
• Agriculture
• Animal husbandry, etc.
– Infrastructure • Rural road
• Irrigation,
• Electricity, etc.
– Social Development • Education & Health care
– Village Environment Protection
– Community Fund
IVDP
Identification
Monitoring- Multidimension
Monitoring - administrative hierarchy
County
Nation-Region-Province-County
Country
Region
黔江区多维贫困发生率
9/9/2015
Contents
1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and
Food Security
2 Explanation of China’s Achievements
3 Future Challenges
4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation
(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020
5 Policies of AMPA
Future Challenges
26
14 Poverty Striken Regionos in China
Poverty incidence in China
Distribution of poverty population in China
9/9/2015
Contents
1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and
Food Security
2 Explanation of China’s Achievements
3 Future Challenges
4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation
(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020
5 Policies of AMPA
The 13rd Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)
Of which,
• People's living standards to achieve the all-
round well-off ( All-round Xiaokang Society) in
2020.
• The most difficult task is whether the poverty-
stricken areas and the poor could to achieve
the goals. We need to accurate poverty
alleviation and accurate get rid of poverty. (by
President Xi).
Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation (AMPA) in China
“AMPA”
Macro：System design; Resource optimal allocation of
regional development (Cross-regional development)
Re
gis
tratio
n
Villa
ge
task
forc
e
Micro：Accurate identification, assistance, management and
accountability (HHs, Village)
Macro: Development of 14 Contiguous poor regions
• To Promote
Infrastructure connectiv
ity of the 14 contiguous
poor regions.
• To achieve equality of
basic public services.
• To strengthen
Ecological construction.
Macro: Development of 14 Contiguous poor regions
Rural Poor Population in 2014
Micro: Accurate identification
• 5 main steps: to
accurate identification
the poor HHs and
villages (total 9 steps).
• HH form
• 49 indicators
• Village form
• 137 indicators
• County form
• 264 indicators
Guide indicators
Application by HHs
Participatory discussion
Public notice (no objection
by HHs)
Confirmed by local
government
Identification
Online database
size：
• 128,000
villages；
• 290,000
households。
• 90million
poor
individuals
Update:
•annual
Distribution of poor HHs, 2014
Accurate analysis of the major causes of poverty
• 12 causes of poverty
on HHs level
38.5 34.8
21.3 18.2
9.1 7.6 7.2 6.4 3.7 1.6
05
1015202530354045
Causes of poverty, %, 2014
Distribution of poor HHs caused by illness, 2014
Accurate demand analysis of poor HHs’development
• Village Task Force,(VTF)
3 government officials
from local government
who stay in village for 2-3
years to help poor HHs.
• VTF must
• Analyzes HHs’
demand with HHs
• Make development
plan with HHs
• Coordinate
assistance resources.
9/9/2015
Contents
1 China’s Achievement on Poverty Reduction and
Food Security
2 Explanation of China’s Achievements
3 Future Challenges
4 Stretages of Accurate Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation
(AMPA) between 2016 and 2020
5 Policies of AMPA
Main Policies of Accurate MDPA
• Regional development policy
• Infrastructure connectivity of the 14 contiguous poor regions by
Central Government.
• General Transfer Payment for 592 poverty-stricken counties
from Central Gov. to Local Gov.
• Eastern developed provinces support the development of
western poverty-stricken areas.
Main Policies of Accurate MDPA
• Village Comprehensive Development Programs (VCDP)
VCDP
Industry
Infra.
Social Eviromnet
Community
Fund
MPI of Poor People, Inner Mongolia, 2014
MPI
Target the poor county using MPI
MPI of Poor People, Inner Mongolia, 2014
MPI
• To target the poor village using MPI
• To eliminate multidimensional poverty
by VCDP.
MPI
Sector policy on specific demand—Micro Finance
• Central financial discount interest.
• To eliminate multidimensional poverty by VCDP.
Distribution of HHs who lack of fund
Distribution of HHs who lack of technology
Sector policy on specific demand—Vocational education
• Provide 3 years free vocational education for poor
household students
Sector policy on specific demand—Relocation Program
Universal access to 10 basic public goods and social service
for poor HHs in Inner Mongolia
Road
Water
Electricity
TV/Internet
Housing
Health
Multidimensional Poverty Alleviation in China
Accurate
Poverty
Alleviation
-HHs
-Community
-County
-contiguous
poor region
M&E by NSB
• Identification &
Registration by
LGOP
Implement:
-Village Task Force (VTF, 400,000).
-Local Gov
-Ministries
Tanks!
Involving stakeholders in the food security policy debate
Experiences from the Global Forum on
Food Security and Nutrition
www.fao.org/fsnforum 8 September 2015
Max F. Blanck FSN Forum Policy Officer, FAO
What is Food Security?
“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe
and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”.
World Food Summit, 1996
What is stakeholder dialogue?
“An integral part of a stepwise process of decision making.
At different phases, involvement may take the form of sharing information, consulting, dialoguing, or deliberating on decisions.
It should be seen always as a meaningful part of formulating and implementing good policy.
Stakeholder involvement techniques should not be viewed as convenient tools for ‘public relations’, image-building or winning acceptance for a decision taken behind closed doors.”
Definition by the NEA/OECD Forum on stakeholder confidence
… and why is it important?
• It provides opportunities to align development practices with societal needs and expectations.
• It helps to drive long-term sustainability and buy-in.
• It benefits policy coherence.
• It helps capture tacit knowledge.
• It provides an additional feedback channel.
Who are the stakeholders?
Policy design
Academia
Governments (national and
local)
Citizens
Donors Civil society
organizations
Private sector
Development organizations
You!
Engage stakeholders in dialogue
Coordinated positions leading to coherent policies
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
Stakeholder
[…] progress will depend on effective governance systems, and the involvement of many stakeholders across sectors, with participation, transparency, equity and accountability as key principles. Excerpt from FAO’s Strategic Objective 1
Act as honest broker by providing a neutral forum
At which stage?
Community participation can extend from the formative research phase though program planning and execution to evaluation of the program. It has a different role in each stage and needs to be designed and targeted accordingly.
Problem definition
Agenda setting
Policy Development
Implementation
Policy evaluation
What can impede dialogue?
• Inequitable participation
• Veneered participation
• Skewed participation
• Non-communicative participation
Does stakeholder dialogue contrast the established channels?
• Participatory communication and the traditional diffusion model are not polar opposites.
• Diffusion model is evolving in a participatory direction.
• Participatory approach necessarily involves information transfer.
The Committee on World Food Security (CFS)
• An intergovernmental body to serve as a forum in the United Nations System for review and follow-up of policies concerning world food security.
• Underwent reform in 2009 to make it more effective by including a wider group of stakeholders and increasing its ability to promote polices that reduce food insecurity.
The CFS’s composition
Bureau
Afghanistan Argentina Australia Brazil Congo France Pakistan Switzerland Uganda USA Philippines Sudan
Advisory Group UN Bodies:
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) WFP (World Food Programme IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) Right-to-Food: Special Rapporteur on the right to food - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UN High Level Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis UN Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN)
CSOs/NGOs: The World Forum of Fish Harvesters & Fish Workers (WFHFF) Mouvement International de la Jeunesse Agricole (MIJARC) Indigenous Caucus (ICAZA) World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP)
International Agricultural Research Bodies: CGIAR Consortium
International Financial and Trade Institutions: World Bank
Private Sector/Philanthropic Foundations: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation International Agri Food Network
The global Forum on Food Security and Nutrition (FSN Forum) An online platform with free membership that engages food security and nutrition stakeholders in policy dialogue and knowledge-sharing at global, regional and country level.
15,000+ members from 175 countries
150 online discussions & consultations
3 regional networks and 3 thematic networks
6 languages covered
Over 10 000 pages of comments
Structure of Membership
FSN Forum Activities • Online discussions on food security and nutrition
• Policy-driven consultations
• Regional and country dialogues
• Thematic spaces
• Network building
• Surveys
• Integration of online and face-to-face exchanges
FSN Forum main partners
At global level
Review to set the
track
Seek suggestions and inputs
Proposed Scope
Preparation of draft report
Preparation of final report
CFS
Recommendations to countries
HLPE
Draft report
Project Team
High Level Panel of Experts of CFS (HLPE)
At (sub)regional level CARICOM Food Security Action Plan
Country Implementation
Draft document
Final Action Plan Gather views
and inputs of key
regional CSOs
CARICOM
CARICOM Meeting of Ministers
Approved Action Plan
Approved by CARICOM in 2011 and implemented
in four countries
At country level Food Security Law in the Dominican Republic
Physical consultation meetings facilitated by CSOs
Enact Legislation
Villages
Draft Law
Draft to be presented to Parliament
Online Consultation
Dominican Government
Law approved by Parliament in September 2014
A global and regional approach for a true global dialogue
Global FSN Forum
West Africa Europe and Central Asia
Global audience
Regional audience
Regional audience
Let’s define the next activities together … … and fill these boxes
Country Implementation
Online discussion
Food Security and Nutrition in APEC Economies. Sharing lessons learned and looking into the future
40 comments received China, Australia, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic,
Armenia, Iran, USA, Bangladesh, Chile, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Cote D’Ivoire, Japan,
New Zealand
Open until 25 September
www.fao.org/fsnforum
How can smallholder farmers benefit from global value chains? • Consolidating plots and farms into larger businesses can be a solution
• Organizing into cooperatives can increase bargaining power of farmers
• It is necessary to help small farmers comply with international rules and standards
• Need to encourage women to have a greater role
• The linkage between farmers, intermediaries and consumers is key
• Link smallholder farmers in developing countries to lucrative markets worldwide
• Support their willingness to upgrade and adopt new technology (e.g. precision farming)
• Complete the move toward a market economy
• Adopt Increase extension services
• Farmers need access to credit in order to be able to invest in innovate
• Increase consumer concern in developed countries for farmers facing poverty
How can we ensure the participation of youth in the wider food security dialogue?
• Early introduction of the concepts of food security into school curricula.
• Nutrition education
• Make the rural areas more attractive (rural development)
• Engage youth through modern channels (internet)
• Youth needs to see agriculture as an innovative activity that can provide them a promising future
Challenges to food security
• The balance between drive for self sufficiency and preservation of resources
• Information given needs to be relevant to the local conditions
• The gap between entrepreneurial farming and family farming can widen.
• Food losses and waste throughout the supply chains
Thank you
For further information contact us at:
and visit the website:
www.fao.org/fsnforum
