POLICY AWARENESS AND FAMILIARITY WITH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18278/9... · Infosys & 66%of Wipro strongly agree that they have knowledge management

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POLICY AWARENESS AND FAMILIARITY WITH

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Knowledge policies are becoming an increasingly important element of

the Information Society and the knowledge economy. Such policies provide

institutional foundations for creating, managing, and using organizational

knowledge as well as social foundations for balancing global competitiveness

with social order and cultural values. Knowledge policies can be viewed from a

number of perspectives: the necessary linkage to technological evolution,

relative rates of technological and institutional change, as a control or regulatory

process, obstacles posed by cyberspace, and as an organizational policy

instrument.

From an organizational perspective, Simard (2000) states that “if

traditional policies are applied directly [to a digital environment], the Canadian

Forest Service could become marginalized in a dynamic knowledge-based

economy.” Consequently, the CFS developed and implemented an Access to

Knowledge Policy that "fosters the migration of the CFS towards providing free,

open access to its knowledge assets, while recognizing the need for cost

recovery and the need to impose restrictions on access in some cases" (Simard,

2005). The policy comprises a framework of objectives, guiding principles, staff

responsibilities, and policy directives. The directives include: ownership and

use; roles, rights, and responsibilities; levels of access and accessibility; service

to clients.

From a technological perspective, Thomas Jefferson (1816) noted that

laws and institutions must keep pace with progress of the human mind.

Institutions must advance as new discoveries are made, new truths are

discovered, and as opinions and circumstances change. Fast-forwarding to the

late 20th century, Martin (1985) stated that any society with a high level of

automation must frame its laws and safeguards so that computers can police

other computers. Tim Berners-Lee (2000) noted that both policy and technology

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must be designed with an understanding of the implications of each other.

Finally, Sparr (2001) points out that rules will emerge in cyberspace because

even on the frontier, pioneers need property rights, standards, and rules of fair

play to protect them from pirates. Government is the only entity that can enforce

such rules, but they could be developed by others1.

The analysis on policy awareness and familiarity with the knowledge Management is as follows:

TABLE 4.1

Employee responses on Knowledge Management Policy for acquiring and sharing Knowledge

Company Agree Strongly Agree Total

Infosys Count 44 106 150

% within Company 29 71 100

Wipro Count 51 99 150

% within Company 34 66 100

Total Count 95 205 300 Total % 32 68 100

Source: field survey

CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table value

Pearson Chi-Square .755(b) 1 3.841

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TABLE - 4.2

Employee responses on organization have a Value System or Culture to promote Knowledge Sharing

Company Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree Total

Infosys Count 0 59 91 150

% within Company 0 39 61 100

Wipro Count 2 59 89 150


Total Count 2 118 180 300

Total % 7 40 60 100 Source: field survey

CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table value

Pearson Chi-Square 2.022(a) 2 5.991

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TABLE - 4.3 Employee responses on organisation using partnerships to acquire

Knowledge

Company Uncertain Agree Strongly

Agree Total


% within Company 10 22 68 100.0


% within Company

7 23 70 100



CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square .674(a) 2 5.991

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TABLE - 4.4 Employee responses on Organization has policies/programs to improve

worker retention

Company Disagree Un-certain Agree Strongly

Agree Total

Infosys Count 2 28 27 93 150

% within Company

1 19 18 62 100

Wipro Count 1 20 36 93 150

% within Company

1 13 24 62 100

Total Count 3 48 63 186 300

Total % 1 16 21 62 100 Source: field survey

CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 2.952(a) 3 7.815

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TABLE - 4.5 Employee responses on Organization have advisory boards and internal

meeting to exchange Knowledge Company

Company Disagree Un-certain Agree Strongly

Agree Total


% within Company 1 19 18 62 100

Wipro Count 1 20 36 93 150


Total Count 3 48 63 186 300

Total % 1 16 21 62 100 Source: field survey

CHI- SQUARE VALUE


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TABLE - 4.6 Employee responses encouragement of systematic Neighbour Trainining

and Inter Desciplinary training groups

Company Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree Total



Wipro Count 0 2 59 89 150


Total Count 2 2 118 180 300

Total % 1 1 39 60 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE


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TABLE 4.7 Employee responses on Value System or Culture intended to promote

Knowledge Sharing

Company Strongly Disagree Disagree Uncertain Agree Strongly

Agree Total

Infosys Count 2 1 35 25 78 150

% within Company 1 1 23 17 58 100

Wipro Count 0 1 29 32 88 150

% within Company 0 1 19 21 59 100

Total Count 2 2 64 57 175 300

Total % 1 1 21 19 58 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 3.428(a) 4 9.488

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TABLE - 4.8 Employee responses on Cooperation and trust to KM policy formulation

through out the Organization

Company Strongly Disagree Disagree Un-

certain Agree Strongly Agree Total


% within Company .0 1 11 35 52 100

Wipro Count 0 0 17 55 78 150

% within Company 0 0 11 37 52 100

Total Count 1 2 34 107 156 300

Total % 0 1 11 36 52 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 3.084(a) 4 9.488

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TABLE - 4.9 Employee responses on Workers accepting activities designed to

acquire and share knowledge as part of their job

Company Uncertain Agree Strongly Agree Total







CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 1.762 2 5.991

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TABLE - 4.10 Employee responses on meetings are used as a means of transferring

Knowledge

Company Strongly Disagree Disagree Un-

certain Agree Strongly Agree Total


% within Company 2 1 1 40 56 100

Wipro Count 0 2 1 60 87 150

% within Company .0 1 1 40 58 100

Total Count 3 4 2 120 171 300

Total % 1 1 1 40 57 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 3.053(b) 4 9.488

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Analysis of Tables from 4.1to4.10

From among the total respondents as mentioned in Table 4.1, 70% of

Infosys & 66%of Wipro strongly agree that they have knowledge management

policy for sharing knowledge. 29% of respondents of Infosys & 34% of Wipro

agree that they have knowledge management policy for sharing knowledge. The

chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference between opinions of

the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to knowledge management

policy because the table value is less than calculated value at 5% level of

significance.


Infosys & 60%of Wipro strongly agree that they have culture which intends to

promote knowledge sharing. 39% of respondents of Infosys & 40% of Wipro

agree that they have culture which intends to promote knowledge sharing. The


the respondents of Infosys and Wipro on the above aspect because the table

value is less than calculated value at 5% level of significance.


Infosys & 70%of Wipro strongly agree that they use partnerships or strategic

alliances to acquire Knowledge. 22% of respondents of Infosys & 23% of Wipro

agree that their company uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire

Knowledge but very few respondents of Infosys and Wipro are not certain with

regard to usage of partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge. The


the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to usage of partnerships or

strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge because the table value is less than

calculated value at 5% level of significance

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Infosys & 62%of Wipro strongly agree that their organization have policies or

programmes to improve worker retention. 18% of respondents of Infosys & 24%

of Wipro agree that their organization have policies or programmes to improve

worker retention but very few respondents of Infosys and Wipro are not certain

with regard to their organization have policies or programme to improve worker

retention. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference

between opinions of the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to the

above said statement because the table value is less than calculated value at 5%

level of significance.


Infosys & 71%of Wipro strongly agree that their organizations have advisory

boards and internal meetings to exchange knowledge. 22% of respondents of

Infosys & 28% of Wipro agree that their organizations have advisory boards and

internal meetings to exchange knowledge. The chi-square test shows that there is

no significant difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys and

Wipro with regard to above said statement because the table value is less than

calculated value at 5% level of significance.


Infosys & 61%of Wipro strongly agree that organizations encourage systematic

neighbor training and interdisciplinary training groups. 39% of respondents of

Infosys & 39% of Wipro agree that organizations encourage systematic neighbor

training and interdisciplinary training groups. The chi-square test shows that

there is no significant difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys

and Wipro with regard to above said statement because the table value is less

than calculated value at 5% level of significance.


Infosys & 59%of Wipro strongly agree that they have knowledge management

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policy for sharing knowledge. 29% of respondents of Infosys & 34% of Wipro

agree that they have knowledge management policy for sharing knowledge. The


the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to knowledge management

policy because the table value is less than calculated value at 5% level of

significance.


Infosys & 52%of Wipro strongly agree that they have cooperation and trust to

km policy formulation through out the organization. 35% of respondents of

Infosys & 37% of Wipro agree that they have cooperation and trust to km policy

formulation through out the organization. 11% respondents of Infosys & 11%

respondents of Wipro are not in a position to decide on the above aspect. The


the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to the above said statement

because the calculated value is less than the table value at 5% level of

significance.


Infosys & 57%of Wipro strongly agree that the workers accept activities

designed to acquire and share knowledge as part of their job. 22% of respondents

of Infosys & 29% of Wipro agree that the workers accept activities designed to

acquire and share knowledge as part of their job. 15% respondents of Infosys &

14% respondents of Wipro are not in a position to decide on the above aspect.

The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference between

opinions of the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with regard to the above said

statement because the calculated value is less than the table value at 5% level of

significance.


Infosys & 58%of Wipro strongly agree that meetings are used as a means of

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transferring Knowledge. 40% of respondents of Infosys & 40% of Wipro agree

that meetings are used as a means of transferring Knowledge. 1% respondents

of Infosys & 1% respondents of Wipro are not in a position to decide on the

above aspect. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference


above said statement because the calculated value is less than the table value at

5% level of significance.

TABLE - 4.11 Mean scores of the employee responses on Km Policy Awareness

S.No Statement Infosys Wipro

1 Organization has a Knowledge Management Policy or Strategy for acquiring and sharing Knowledge!

4.7067 4.6623

2 Organization has a Value System or Culture intended to promote Knowledge Sharing

4.6067 4.5828

3 Organization uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge

4.5800 4.6291

4 Organization has policies/programs intended to improve worker retention

4.4067 4.4702

5 Organization has advisory boards and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge

4.7667 4.7020

6 Organization encourages systematic neighbor training and interdisciplinary training groups in order to get holistic overview of a given task

4.6067 4.6026

7 Knowledge sharing is prompted most effective in so far as it is incorporated in an Organization’s strategic activities

4.2933 4.3775

8 There is cooperation and trust to KM policy formulation through out your Organization

4.3600 4.4106

9 Workers immediately accept as part of their job, activities designed to acquire and share knowledge

4.4733 4.4305

10 Meetings are used as a means of transferring Knowledge in your Organization

4.4667 4.5497

Table Average : 4.5266 4.5417 Source: field survey

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Mean Scores of the employee responses on KM Policy Awareness

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Analysis: The study was conducted to gather opinion of employee respondents

in both the companies on the policies and awareness of KM. There are about 10

strong statements on policy awareness for which employee respondents were

requested to give their opinion on the KM practice and their awareness.

Table 4.11 gives score for every statement in each company and also

cumulative impact scores for all the 10 statements in each company. Since the

average score is 4 and above in both Wipro and Infosys, it is understood that

policy awareness with regard to KM in both companies is at a positive and

reasonable level. Each of the 10 statements discusses strong characteristics of

KM policy awareness. Hence it is considered that both organizations have

exhibited efficiency in successful formulation of KM policy and in creating high

level of awareness among their employees indicating strong KM practices.

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TABLE - 4.12 Age wise mean scores of the employee responses on KM POLICY

Sl. No. STATEMENT

COMPANY

INFOSYS WIRPO Total Age Age Age

20-30 yrs

31-40 yrs

41-50 yrs

20-30 yrs

31-40 yrs

41-50 yrs

20-30 yrs

31-40 yrs

41-50 yrs

1 Knowledge Management Policy for acquiring and sharing Knowledge! 4.6620 4.7288 4.8000 4.6212 4.6500 4.7917 4.6423 4.6891 4.7955

2 Value System or Culture intended to promote Knowledge Sharing 4.5352 4.6441 4.7500 4.5455 4.6000 4.6250 4.5401 4.6218 4.6818

3 Uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge 4.5211 4.5593 4.8500 4.5455 4.6333 4.8333 4.5328 4.5966 4.8409

4 Has policies/programs intended to improve worker retention 4.3662 4.3898 4.6000 4.4697 4.4500 4.5417 4.4161 4.4202 4.5682

5 Organization has advisory boards and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge 4.7183 4.7966 4.8500 4.6364 4.7333 4.8333 4.6788 4.7647 4.8409

6 Organization encourages systematic neighbor training and interdisciplinary training groups 4.5352 4.6610 4.7000 4.5909 4.6167 4.5833 4.5620 4.6387 4.6364

7 Knowledge sharing is prompted most effective 4.2958 4.2203 4.5000 4.3788 4.2833 4.6250 4.3358 4.2521 4.5682

8 There is cooperation and trust to KM policy formulation through 4.2958 4.3559 4.6000 4.2879 4.4500 4.6250 4.2920 4.4034 4.6136

9 Workers accept as part of their job, activities designed to acquire 4.4507 4.5254 4.4000 4.4697 4.4333 4.3333 4.4599 4.4790 4.3636

10 Meetings are used as a means of transferring Knowledge 4.4507 4.3898 4.7500 4.5000 4.5333 4.7083 4.4745 4.4622 4.7273


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TABLE - 4.13 Gender wise mean scores of the employee responses on KM POLICY

S.No STATEMENT

COMPANY INFOSYS WIRPO Total

Gender Gender Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 Knowledge Management Policy for acquiring and sharing Knowledge! 4.6538 4.7639 4.6049 4.7246 4.6289 4.7447

2 Value System or Culture intended to promote Knowledge Sharing 4.5769 4.6389 4.5679 4.5942 4.5723 4.6170 3 Uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge 4.5513 4.6111 4.6049 4.6522 4.5786 4.6312 4 Has policies/programs intended to improve worker retention 4.4231 4.3889 4.5062 4.4348 4.4654 4.4113

5 Organization has advisory boards and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge 4.7308 4.8056 4.6790 4.7391 4.7044 4.7730

6 Organization encourages systematic neighbor training and interdisciplinary training groups 4.5897 4.6250 4.5309 4.6812 4.5597 4.6525

7 Knowledge sharing is prompted most effective 4.2564 4.3333 4.3704 4.3913 4.3145 4.3617

8 There is cooperation and trust to KM policy formulation through 4.3205 4.4028 4.3827 4.4348 4.3522 4.4184 9 Workers accept as part of their job, activities designed to acquire 4.4872 4.4583 4.4444 4.4203 4.4654 4.4397

10 Meetings are used as a means of transferring Knowledge 4.5128 4.4167 4.5802 4.5072 4.5472 4.4610 Source: field survey

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TABLE - 4.14 Educational qualification wise mean scores of the employee responses on KM POLICY

S.No STATEMENT


Educational Qualification



U.G. P.G. Prof. D. U.G. P.G. Prof.

D. U.G. P.G. Prof.D.












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TABLE - 4.15 Designation wise mean scores of the employee responses on KM POLICY

S.No STATEMENT


Designation Designation Designation SSE JSE SSE JSE SSE JSE

1 Knowledge Management Policy for acquiring and sharing Knowledge! 4.7470 4.6567 4.7045 4.5968 4.7251 4.6279

2 Value System or Culture intended to promote Knowledge Sharing 4.6867 4.5075 4.6023 4.5484 4.6433 4.5271 3 Uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge 4.6506 4.4925 4.7045 4.5161 4.6784 4.5039 4 Has policies/programs intended to improve worker retention 4.4699 4.3284 4.4886 4.4516 4.4795 4.3876

5 Organization has advisory boards and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge 4.8193 4.7015 4.7614 4.6290 4.7895 4.6667

6 Organization encourages systematic neighbor training and interdisciplinary training groups 4.6867 4.5075 4.6364 4.5484 4.6608 4.5271

7 Knowledge sharing is prompted most effective 4.3253 4.2537 4.4091 4.3387 4.3684 4.2946

8 There is cooperation and trust to KM policy formulation through 4.4337 4.2687 4.5227 4.2419 4.4795 4.2558

9 Workers accept as part of their job, activities designed to acquire 4.5060 4.4328 4.4432 4.4194 4.4737 4.4264 10 Meetings are used as a means of transferring Knowledge 4.5301 4.3881 4.5795 4.5000 4.5556 4.4419


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TABLE - 4.16 Experience wise mean scores of the employee responses on KM POLICY

Sl No STATEMENT

COMPANY

INFOSYS WIRPO Total

Experience Experience Experience

1-3 yr 3-5 Yr

above 5 yr

1-3 yr

3 - 5 Yr

above 5 yr

1-3 yr

3-5 Yr

above 5 yr












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Analysis based on the Age, Gender, Education, Experience and Designation:

From the analysis of the responses based on respondent Age, gender,

education, experience and designation it can be identified that the respondents

are holding a positive opinion on the awareness of the respondents towards the

KM policy. Opinions based on the Age, it is observed that the respondents who

are between 41- 50yrs of Age are more aware of KM policy. The respondents

have exhibited more positive opinion towards the company’s use of partners and

strategic alliances to acquire Knowledge; Organization has advisory boards and

internal meeting to exchange Knowledge. (Table 4.12)

Comparatively female employees are more aware of KM policy. The

respondents have exhibited more positive opinion towards their organization

having advisory boards and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge. On the

whole both male and female have exhibited almost similar opinion of their

awareness on organizational KM policy.(Table 4.13)

The employee respondents possessing professional degree are more aware

of their KM policy in both Wipro and Infosys. The respondents have exhibited

more positive opinion towards the company’s Knowledge Management policy

for acquiring and sharing Knowledge and organization having advisory boards

and internal meeting to exchange Knowledge. (Table 4.14)

Senior software engineers are more aware of KM policy when compared

with junior engineers both in Wipro and Infosys. The respondents have exhibited

more positive opinion towards the organization having advisory boards and

internal meeting to exchange Knowledge. .(Table 4.15)

The respondents having experience more than 5 years are more aware of

KM policy. The respondents have exhibited more positive opinion towards the

company’s Knowledge Management policy for acquiring and sharing

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Knowledge and organization has advisory boards and internal meeting to

exchange Knowledge. .(Table 4.16)

Conclusion

Major responsibility of policy formulation, creation and awareness in

respect of result oriented knowledge Management concept lies with

management, and its expertise in the field of business concerned. Highly

experienced organization and management are expected to have strong policy

and effective communication system across the organization for creating strong

and reasonable awareness among the employees.

Within the context of the study, the two respondent companies i.e. Infosys

and Wipro based on the responses have strong commitment and practice of KM

policy formulation and awareness. This phenomenon in fact is desired to have

strong practice of KM and achieving good results.

Some demographic variables might influence an employee’s preference

on sharing knowledge. According to Shermerhon (1977), employees with shorter

tenure with an organization are more likely to share information. Organ & Ryan

(1995) say gender might also influence the communication style of employees.

Organization’s size may also be related to its knowledge sharing culture like

employees in smaller organization are more likely to rely on each other and

interact often than employees in large organizations. Employees’ career level is

another factor to sharing like experienced employees may be more able to share

knowledge than younger employees (Connelly & Kelloway, 2001)2.

It is interesting to note that senior employees, female employees,

employees with professional degree, senior software engineers the most

experienced employees are more aware of KM policy. Thus the findings are

more realistic. The level of awareness on KM policy among fresher’s, male

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employees, employees not holding professional degrees, junior software

engineers, less experienced employees need to be enhanced. This facilitates the

organization to implement KM programmes effectively3.

To motivate people to contribute to a system, some kind of rewards

should be in place. Pearson (1999) insisted that effective knowledge delivery

could be achieved by finding the right system of measurement5.

Savary (1999) said that an effective information systems infrastructure is

necessary for an organization to implement the KM process. King (1999)

pointed out, successful development of KM requires an organization to think in

terms of applications and how people use applications, not only system and

software. Popular IT tools for knowledge sharing are relational databases,

intelligent search engines, groupware, data warehouses, data mining tools etc

(Davis and Riggs, 1999)6.

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TABLE - 4.17 Employee responses on functional area that best describes work

responsibilities

Company IT HR KM CRM FM Total

Infosys Count 112 12 17 6 3 150

% within Company 75 8 11 4 2.0 100

Wipro Count 102 17 17 11 3 150

% within Company 68 11 11 7 2 100

Total Count 214 29 34 17 6 300 Total % 71 10 11 6 2 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table Value Pearson Chi-

Square 2.800(a) 4 9.488

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TABLE - 4.18

Employee responses on ranking themselves on the level of experience and familiarity with km

Company Unaware Introductory Intermediate Advanced Total



Wipro Count 4 15 78 53 150


Total Count 8 31 157 104 300

Total % 3 10 52 35 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table Value

Pearson Chi-Square .077(a) 3 7.815

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TABLE - 4.19

Employee responses on Primary emphasis of KM educational program to be relevant and useful


CHI- SQUARE VALUE


Company KM strategies

KM technologies

KM Tools & Methods

Theoretical foundations

in KM Total



Wipro Count 3 68 36 43 150


Total Count 6 144 72 78 300

Total % 2 48 24 26 100

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TABLE - 4.20

Employee responses on In-charge of KM practices in the Organization

Company HR Dept. IT Dept. KM Unit Responsibility Shared Total



Wipro Count 8 6 105 31 150


Total Count 17 12 225 46 300

Total % 6 4 75 15 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value df Table Value


107

TABLE 4.21 Employee responses on the effectiveness of KM practices in the

Organization

Company Through

guidance and Instructions

Through Activities

Included In Company

Employee satisfaction

Surveys

Customer satisfaction Surveys

Total



Wipro Count 30 25 65 30 150


Total Count 66 50 129 55 300

Total % 22 17 43 18 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE



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TABLE 4.22 Employee responses on the sources effecting current km practices

Company Manage- ment

Non –Mgmt workers

Owners & Sh.Holders Board Total



Wipro Count 116 18 8 8 150


Total Count 243 37 10 10 300

Total % 81 12 3 3 100

Source: field survey CHI- SQUARE VALUE

Value Df Table Value Pearson Chi-Square 3.881 3 7.815

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TABLE 4.23

Employee responses on Motivation of the Organization to increase KM practices

Company I.C I.C.I A.L. OF. K.P L.OF.M.S Total



Wipro Count 109 18 14 9 150


Total Count 232 31 23 14 300

Total % 77 10 8 5 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE



110

TABLE 4.24 Employee responses on Indication of the achieved results of KM

practices IN THE Organization

Company I. of S. & K. of s. I.I.K.S.H I.A. of

p/S H. & N.

P/S Total



Wipro Count 88 27 24 11 150


Total Count 186 53 44 17 300 Total % 62 18 15 6 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE


111

TABLE 4.25 Employee responses on usage of KM activities in the Organization

Company I .C. A T.W.S. of the Org. I.A.P I.KM.Sh.S Total



Wipro Count 78 34 31 7 150


Total Count 162 67 63 10 300

Total % 53 22 21 3 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE



112

TABLE 4.26

Employee responses on KM practice procedure is most used in the Organization

Company GWP IPG IWSCSM I/PI Total



Wipro Count 14 15 91 30 150


Total Count 28 31 184 57 300

Total % 9 10 61 19 100


CHI- SQUARE VALUE


Pearson Chi-Square .212(a) 3 7.815

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Analysis of the tables from 4.17-4.26

From among the total respondents as mentioned in 4.17, 75% of Infosys

& 68%of Wipro opted IT as the functional area that best describes work

responsibilities. 8% of Infosys & 11% of Wipro opted HR, 11% of Infosys &

11% of Wipro opted KM, 4% of Infosys & 7% of Wipro opted CRM, 2% of

Infosys & 2% of Wipro respondents opted FM as the functional area that best

describes work responsibilities respectively. The chi-square test shows that there

is no significant difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys and

Wipro with regard to the above said statement because the calculated value is

less than the table value at 5% level of significance.


& 35%of Wipro ranked themselves ‘advanced’, 53% of Infosys & 53% of Wipro

ranked themselves ‘intermediate’, 11% of Infosys & 11% of Wipro ranked

themselves ‘introductory’, 3% of Infosys & 3% of Wipro respondents ranked

themselves ‘unaware’ respectively on the level of experience and familiarity

with KM. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference





& 29%of Wipro opted theoretical foundations in KM, 24% of Infosys & 24% of

Wipro opted KM tools & methods, 51% of Infosys & 45% of Wipro opted KM

technologies, 2% of Infosys & 2% of Wipro respondents opted KM strategies

respectively for the primary emphasis of KM educational program that is

relevant and useful. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant

difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with

regard to the above said statement because the calculated value is less than the

table value at 5% level of significance.

114


& 21%of Wipro opted ‘responsibility shared’ , 80% of Infosys & 70% of Wipro

opted ‘KM unit’, 4% of Infosys & 4% of Wipro opted ‘IT department’, 6% of

Infosys & 5% of Wipro respondents opted ‘HR department’ respectively as the

in charge of KM practices in the organization. The chi-square test shows that

there is no significant difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys

and Wipro with regard to the above said statement because the calculated value

is less than the table value at 5% level of significance.


& 20%of Wipro opted ‘Through guidance and Instructions’, 17% of Infosys &

17% of Wipro opted ‘Through Activities Included In Company’, 43% of Infosys

& 43% of Wipro opted ‘Employee satisfaction Surveys’, 17% of Infosys & 20%

of Wipro respondents opted ‘Customer satisfaction Surveys’ respectively as the

method responsible for effectiveness of KM practices in their organization. The




significance.


& 77%of Wipro opted ‘management’, 13% of Infosys & 12% of Wipro opted

‘non-management workers’, 1% of Infosys & 5% of Wipro opted ‘owners &

share holders’, 1% of Infosys & 5% of Wipro respondents opted ‘Board

members’ respectively as the sources effecting current KM practices in their

organization. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference




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& 73% of Wipro opted ‘Improved Competitiveness’, 9% of Infosys & 12% of

Wipro opted ‘Improved corporate Image’,6% of Infosys & 9% of Wipro opted ‘

Avoiding loss of key Personnel’ 3% of Infosys & 6% of Wipro opted ‘Loss of

Market share’ respectively as the reason for motivation in the organization to

increase KM practices. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant

difference between opinions of the respondents of Infosys and Wipro with

regard to the above said statement because the calculated value is less than the

table value at 5% level of significance.


& 59%of Wipro opted “Improvement of Skills and Knowledge of

Workers”,17% of Infosys & 18% of Wipro opted “Increased improved

Knowledge sharing Horizontally”, 13%nfosys of & 16% of Wipro opted

“Increased adoption of Products /Services”, 4% of Infosys & 7% of Wipro opted

“Helped to add new products /Services” respectively as the indication of the

achieved results of KM practices in the organization. The chi-square test shows

that there is no significant difference between opinions of the respondents of

Infosys and Wipro with regard to the above said statement because the

calculated value is less than the table value at 5% level of significance.


&52 %of Wipro opted “to improve the competitive advantage”, 22% of Infosys

& 23% of Wipro opted “to meet the strategic objectives of the organization”,

21% of Infosys & 21% of Wipro opted “improving the ability to take out

patents” 2% of Infosys & 5% of Wipro opted “improving KM sharing suppliers”

respectively as the response on usage of KM activities in the organization. The




significance.

116

From among the total respondents as mentioned in 4.26, 9%of Infosys&

9%of Wipro respondents opted “Guide for working procedures and ethics”, 11%

of Infosys & 10% of Wipro opted “Interdisciplinary project groups”, 62% of

Infosys & 61% of Wipro opted “Internal work shops in connection with staff

meetings”, 18% of Infosys & 20% of Wipro opted “Internet/purchased

information” respectively as the KM practice procedure that is most used in their

Organization. The chi-square test shows that there is no significant difference




Employees’ understanding of KM policy and its value in the organization

is crucial for successful KM implementation. The more a person knows about

KM policy and its benefits for the company, the more he or she might be willing

to participate in knowledge management programs in the Knowledge

organizations. Vallas (1998) says that “employees will not share knowledge

among all group members if the groups are constrained by hierarchies or

perceived imbalances – people are inhibited by their superiors4.

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:

The current study moves with the following mentioned hypothesis.

H0: Awareness of the KM policies will not enhance the effectiveness of KM practices.

H1: Awareness of the KM policies will enhance the effectiveness of KM

practices.

The analysis reveals that the respondents from both sample organizations

i.e. Infosys and Wipro have a positive opinion over their companies’ KM

policies. It is also disclosed that the employees of these organizations are very

well aware of their policy system, which results in the effective performance of

117

their respective organizations. The opinions of the respondents of Infosys and

Wipro over the above said statement are likely to be similar and proved to be

correct. Further it can be substantiated by the insignificant chi-square values.

That means there is no much significant difference between the opinions of the

respondents of these two selected organizations.

Familiarity with Knowledge Management policies has a great impact on

Knowledge Management practices. As H1 hypothesis has been accepted which

clearly implies that “Awareness of the KM policies will enhance the

effectiveness of KM practices”, thus it can be concluded that H1 holds good in

both the companies.

The above test helps to conclude that KM policy awareness enhances the

effectiveness of KM programs. Hence the results of the study are in tune with

the conceptual aspects of KM policy awareness. Measuring accurate

effectiveness of KM programme is possible when further analysis and evaluation

is done on KM implementation.

References: 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_policy

2. Connelly, E.C., and Kelloway, K.E. (2001), Predictors of Employee’s

perception of knowledge sharing culture, working paper, Queen’s Center for

Knowledge-Based Enterprise, Queens School of Business, Canada.

3. www.kmtalk.net

4. Vallas, S. (1998), Manufacturing Knowledge: Technology, culture and social

inequality at work, Social Science Computer Review, 16(4): 353-369.

5. Pearson, T. 1999. Measurements and the Knowledge Revolution. Quality

Progress. 32(9):154-165.

6. Savary, M. 1999. “Knowledge Management and Competition in the

Consulting Industry”, California Management Review, 41(2).

Documents

POLICY AWARENESS AND FAMILIARITY WITH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18278/9... · Infosys & 66%of Wipro strongly agree that they have knowledge management