POLICIES AND RESEARCH OF LOW CARBON CONSTRUCTION IN …

POLICIES AND RESEARCH OF LOW CARBON

CONSTRUCTION IN DENMARK

HARPA BIRGISDOTTIR

SBi – 26/03/2019 2

Low carbonconstruction

Research

Certification

Building Code

Building Code

Research

Certification

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LCA on buildings carried out within the building sector

- First motivation through certification -

Year 2011• Tool:

• SBi develops an Excel LCA tool to perform LCA for DGNB certification in Denmark

• Data:

• Building materials:

• The German Ökobau database

• EPDs

• Operational energy:

• Danish data representing year 2011

• Static approach

• Benchmark:

• Adapted from German benchmark applied within DGNB

SBi – 26.03.2019 4

Certified buildings in Denmark

Pre-certified Certified Registered for

pre-certificationRegistered for

certification

SBi – 26.03.2019 5www.dk-gbc.dk

DGNB certifications in Denmark

Office

Residential

Hospital

City districts

Schools / institutions

Flex

Existing offices

Why am I showing you statistics?

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Important data for development of benchmarks

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

[kg

CO

2-E

qu

iv./

(m2

×år

)]

Case

GWP

Drift samlet

End of Life

Udskiftning af bygningsdele

Opførelse af bygning, total

Operation (B6)

End of life (C3,C4,D)

Replacements (B4)

Production (A1-A3)

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Political visions

2011 2012 2017 2018 2019 20202016201520142013

The Danish Government:

Political strategy for

buildings 2014

Including a vision for

Voluntary Sustainability

Class in the Building Code

LCAbyg

LCCbyg

Several publications

SBi receives

Rockwool prize to

work further with

development of the

Voluntary

Sustainability Class

together with the

building sector

Preparation of VSC

by the agency (SBi

and technical

groups).

Suggestions

delivered to the

minister

Waiting for a

decision from the

minister

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First – why voluntary class?

• Positive experiences with voluntary classes for the operational

energy

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Focus in Research and Development

• Development of a national tool LCAbyg

• First version launched in April 2015, current version 3.2

(financed by the Agency and SBi)

• New beta version introduced in January 2019 focusing on LCA

in early design stages (financed by external funding and SBi)

• Development of robust methodology

• Development of benchmarks for DGNB and Voluntary

Sustainability Class

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National tool - LCAbyg

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

20

19

-02

20

19

-01

20

18

-12

20

18

-11

20

18

-10

20

18

-09

20

18

-08

20

18

-07

20

18

-06

20

18

-05

20

18

-04

20

18

-03

20

18

-02

20

18

-01

20

17

-12

20

17

-11

20

17

-10

20

17

-09

20

17

-08

20

17

-07

20

17

-06

20

17

-05

20

17

-04

Use of LCAbyg

About 3000 registered

users in total

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National tool - LCAbyg

• Methodology:

• Reference study periods 80-120 years

• Forecasting future low carbon development of energy supply

• Data:

• Building materials:

• The German Ökobau database

• EPDs

• Operational energy:

• Danish data representing year 2015-2050

• Static approach for 2015 (available)

• Forecasting from 2015-2050 (recommended)

• Benchmark:

• First benchmarks: Office and Residential developed from data from Danish DGNB certification

• Second benchmarks: Based on more robust data under development in 2019

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 20 40 60 80

GWP

building

operation

GWP

embodied

Reference study period (years)

GW

Pkg C

O2-e

qu

iva

len

ts/m

2

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Resent results for an office building based on recommended method

SBi report 08:2017

Regulated

Not

regulated

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What is happening with the blue line?

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Consequences of using static versus forecasting

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Consequences of how results are presented

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Benchmarks – why is this so complicated?

• Enough building cases

• Representing different

building types

• Based on robust

methodology

• Based on robust data

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Experiences with bencmarks from certification

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

[kg

CO

2-E

qu

iv./

(m2

×år

)]

Case

GWP

Drift samlet

End of Life

Udskiftning af bygningsdele

Opførelse af bygning, total

Operation (B6)

End of life (C3,C4,D)

Replacements (B4)

Production (A1-A3)

Usually enough to lower

operational energy

- No focus on embodied

SBi – 26/03/2019 19

Ongoing development of benchmarks

2018: Recent benchmarks for DGNB certification based on

• Offices (16 cases)

• Residential (7 cases)

2019: Ongoing development for the Voluntary Sustainability Class in the building code

Knowledge and experiences from particpation in:

• IEA Annex 57 (completed)

• IEA Annex 72 (ongoing)

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Political focus on Circular economy

• Advisory board for circular

economy

• Recommendations to the

government (June 2017)

• Strategy from the government

(September 2018)

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Circular economy – carbon – what are the benefits and when?

Upcycle – Design for disassembly

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Testing of Level(s) in Denmark

• Currently 17 building projects are being tested

in Denmark

• SBi has the role of evaluating the Danish

experience from the process

• Workshops together with the 17 projects

• Final report in autumn 2019

SBi – 26/03/2019 28

Concluding remarks

• Focus on the blue line (embodied)

• Understanding by practioners

• Robust calculations/data

• Cool (but robust) toolsenhancing the understanding of embodied impacts

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 20 40 60 80

GWP

building

operation

GWP

embodied

Reference study period (years)

GW

Pkg C

O2-e

qu

iva

len

ts/m

2

Regulated

Not

regulated

SBi – 26/03/2019 29

References• IEA EBC Annex 57 ‘Evaluation of Embodied Energy and CO2eq for Building Construction’.

Birgisdottir, Harpa; Moncaster, Alice; Houlihan Wiberg, Aoife; Chae, Chang; Yokoyama, Keizo; Balouktsi, Maria; Seo, Seongwon; Oka, Tatsuo; Lützkendorf, Thomas; Malmqvist, Tove. Energy and Buildings, Bind 154, 11.2017, s. 72-80.

• Analysing methodological choices in calculations of embodied energy and GHG emissions from buildings Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; Malmqvist, Tove; Moncaster, Alice; Houlihan Wiberg, Aoife; Birgisdottir, Harpa. Energy and Buildings, Bind 158, 01.2018, s. 1487–1498.

• Bygningers indlejrede energi og miljøpåvirkninger: Vurderet for hele bygningens livscyklus. / Birgisdottir, Harpa; Madsen, Sussie Stenholt. Kgs. Lyngby : Polyteknisk Boghandel og Forlag, 2017. 65 s.

• Design and construction strategies for reducing embodied impacts from buildings – Case studyanalysis. Malmqvist, Tove; Nehasilova, Marie; Moncaster, Alice; Birgisdottir, Harpa; Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; Houlihan Wiberg, Aoife; Potting, Jose.Energy and Buildings, Bind 166, 01.2018, s. 35–47.

• Development of the LCAbyg tool : influence of user requirements and context. / Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; Birgisdottir, Harpa. Sustainable Built Environment Conference 2016 in Hamburg : Strategies, Stakeholders, Success factors, 7th - 11th March 2016 ; Conference Proceedings. Hamburg : ZEBAU, Hamburg, 2016. s. 380-389.

• Upcycling and Design for Disassembly – LCA of buildings employing circular design strategies. / Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; Birkved, Morten; Birgisdottir, Harpa. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Bind 225, 2019.

• Life cycle assessment benchmarks for Danish office buildings. Rasmussen, Freja Nygaard; Birgisdottir, Harpa. Life-Cycle Analysis and Assessment in Civil Engineering: Towards an Integrated Vision. red. / Caspeele; Taerwe; Frangopol. Taylor & Francis, 2019. s. 815-821.

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POLICIES AND RESEARCH OF LOW CARBON CONSTRUCTION IN …