Chapter 3: CommunicationsOutline

Volume 1, Version 2011.07Status: Completed

328 Questions & AnswersUpdated, Sunday, July 17, 2011

1) Communications Quiz

1. 106. Introduction

1) Officers use various forms of communication: ________.a) radiosb) telephonesc) computersd) writinge) face to face conversation*f) all

2) Miscommunication often occurs and creates ________.a) solutions*b) problemsc) prepositionsd) obstacles

3) Miscommunication happens for different reasons: _________.a) unclear expressionb) communication barriersc) dissimilar backgrounds*d) all

4) Communication chapter covers _________.a) telecommunicationsb) communications and interpersonal skillsc) human interaction issuesd) interviewing ideologye) report writing principles and mechanics*f) all

2. 106. Telecommunications: Florida Crime Information Center/National Crime Information Center

5) Law enforcement officers will often have to obtain information quickly through a system called _________.*a) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC).b) National Center for Crisis and Continuity Coordinationc) Office for Domestic Preparednessd) National Crime Information Center (NCIC)

6) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) is connected to the ________.a) Office for Victims of Crime*b) National Crime Information Center (NCIC) c) Weapons of Mass Destruction First Respondersd) University Forensic Education

7) Information contained in the FCIC database includes but is not limited to the following:

a) Statewide information on persons and property b) Driver’s license and registration informationc) Wanted and missingd) Personse) Stolen gunsf) Vehiclesg) Propertyh) Persons’ status filesi) Computerized criminal history*j) All

8) National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) system are available _________.a) 12 hours a day, seven days a week b) 8 hours a day, 5 days a weekc) 10 hours a day, 6 days a week*d) 24 hours a day, seven days a week

9) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) is housed at the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) in ________. *a) Tallahassee, Florida b) Gainesville, Floridac) Miami, Floridad) Boca Raton, Florida

10) National Crime Information Center (NCIF) system is maintained by _________ in Clarksburg, West Virginia.a) U.S. Marshals Service*b) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)c) Profilingd) Fire Science

11) _________ system contains stolen, abandoned, and recovered property and wanted and missing person files for all 50 states, Canada, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. a) Blood Stain Pattern Analysisb) Forensic Dentistry*c) National Crime Information Center (NCIC)d) Federal Bureau of Investigation

12) The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) system contains ________.a) stolenb) abandonedc) recovered propertyd) wanted persone) missing personf) includes files for all 50 statesg) Canada, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia*h) All

13) The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) system makes Florida data available to ______ criminal justice agencies.a) fewb) two

c) four*d) all

14) Most information entered in Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) is also _______ in National Crime Information Center (NCIC). *a) recorded b) advisedc) mentionedd) concluded

15) Agencies are encouraged to enter all ________ into both state and national systems for officer use and public safety.a) wireless*b) warrantsc) writ of replevind) wig wags

16) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) and National Crime Information Center (NCIF) systems enable officers to gather criminal ________ or stolen property information so they can appropriately deal with many incidents.a) law b) information*c) history d) behavior

17) All information obtained from Florida Crime Information Center and National Crime Information Center systems is for criminal justice purposes ________.a) fewb) peerlessc) read-only-memory *d) only

18) Using the Florida Crime Information Center and/or the National Crime Information Center for noncriminal justice purposes is considered a misuse of the system and may result in ______ consequences for the person responsible.*a) serious b) fewc) a couple of d) altercations

19) A major Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC) _______ is that it connects to the National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS), an international justice and public safety information sharing network. a) structure*b) featurec) appearance d) option

20) The National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS) is an ________ information sharing network.a) verbal communicationb) runoff *c) international justice and public safety d) strategic intelligence

21) A ________, nationwide message switching communications network, NLETS allows for interstate and interagency information exchange. a) actb) moving c) internet connection*d) high-speed

22) National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS) has the capability to ________, store, and forward message traffic to and from its user agencies.*a) receiveb) contactc) used) return

23) NLETS means _______.a) National Law Enforcement Telecommunication Standards *b) National Law Enforcement Telecommunication Systemc) National Law Enforcement Television Systemd) National Law Enforcement Telemarketing System

24) The _______ (NLETS) supports inquiries into out-of-state motor vehicle and driver’s license files, criminal histories, and agency identification information.a) National Law Enforcement Telecommunication Standards *b) National Law Enforcement Telecommunication Systemc) National Law Enforcement Television Systemd) National Law Enforcement Telemarketing System

25) The National Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (NLETS) supports inquiries into _______.a) out-of-state motor vehicleb) driver’s license filesc) criminal historiesd) agency identification information*e) all

26) The NLETS file provides users with online information about _________ materials. a) disease b) chemical & biological *c) hazardous d) homeland security

27) Inquiries are run using the _______ normally found on the placard of a vehicle such as a railroad car or semi-trailer.a) tableb) computer*c) four-digit numberd) software

28) The NLETS response to an inquiry contains a variety of information such as chemical name, personal safety precautions, general handling procedures, disposal methods, degree of hazard to ________ health, and availability of countermeasure materials. a) privateb) citizens c) hospital*d) public

29) The NLETS response to an inquiry contains a variety of information such as _______.a) Chemical nameb) Personal safety precautionsc) General handling proceduresd) Disposal methodse) Degree of hazard to publicf) Healthg) Availability of countermeasure materials *h) All

30) The U.S. _________, Office of Hazardous Materials Safety supplies information (name, personal safety precautions, general handling procedures, disposal methods, degree of hazard to public health, and availability of countermeasure materials).*a) Department of Transportationb) Department of Agriculture and Consumer Servicesc) Public Safety Departmentsd) Office of Attorney General

31) The ________ contains records of vehicles or vessels/boats registered in Florida and driver license or Florida identification card information.a) Department of Transportation*b) Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV)c) Public Safety Departmentsd) Office of Attorney General

32) _______ information is also available through the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). a) Vehicleb) Driver license*c) Insuranced) Passport

33) The _________ maintains the Concealed Weapon Permit Files. Inquiries are made using a person’s Social Security number or concealed weapon permit number. Information available includes name, date of birth, sex, race, license number, and expiration date.a) Department of Transportation (DOT)b) Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV)c) Public Safety Departments*d) Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (DOACS)

3. 107. FCIC Information Sources

34) _____ agencies that maintain a 24 hour a day, seven day a week operation are allowed to make entries into the FCIC/NCIC systems.*a) Onlyb) Sheriff’s Officec) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)d) Police Academy

35) The entered information includes stolen items, boats, guns, vehicles, securities, and missing person’s record. The entering agency is ___________ for the accuracy, timeliness, and completeness of the records entered.a) assumption*b) responsible

c) referenced) interpretation

36) A ________ is created by the booking agency submitting fingerprints and arrest information for an arrested person. a) Office for Victims of Crimeb) Center for Defense Information*c) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)d) Center for Security Policy

37) _______ the record is created, information must first be processed and verified by fingerprint review at FDLE. a) Afterb) Permanent c) Temporarily*d) Before

38) Additional charges, arrests, dispositions, and other information will be added by the State Attorney’s Office, Clerk of the Court, and _________. *a) Department of Correctionsb) Florida Department Law Enforcement (FDLE)c) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)d) Center for Security Policy

39) ________ information constantly changes; when officers finish using retrieved information, they should destroy it by shredding or burning. a) Department of Corrections*b) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)c) Center for Security Policyd) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

40) When a _________ is disseminated to an authorized individual of another agency, a secondary dissemination (spread around) log must be maintained for four years.a) Department of Corrections*b) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)c) Center for Security Policyd) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

41) A record’s reliability from _______ depends on the agency’s accuracy when entering the information. a) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)b) Nuclear Threat Initiative *c) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC)d) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

42) It is extremely important that the information entered at ________ included in arrest reports or on fingerprint cards is correct, from the spelling of suspects’ names to the laws they violated.a) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)b) Nuclear Threat Initiative c) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)*d) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC)

4. 107. FCIC/NCIC

43) Due to the sensitive nature and sheer volume of information included in the FCIC/NCIC systems, officers must strictly follow _________ when conducting a records check. *a) policies b) rulesc) regulationsd) norms

44) System users must attend the __________ certification class and pass the certification exam. a) Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC)*b) Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS)c) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)d) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)

45) System users must also submit a state and national fingerprinted-based background check within ______ days of employment or terminal assignment.a) 10b) 20*c) 30d) 40

46) Information obtained through FCIC/NCIC may be used only for criminal justice purposes, and the agency that enters the data is responsible for maintaining and _________ it.*a) removingb) givingc) preparingd) fixing

47) The only __________ to give information obtained through FCIC/NCIC is registration and lien information may be given to towing companies per §715.05, F.S. a) rule *b) exception c) transactiond) opportunity

48) Computers accessing Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) information must have adequate physical security to prevent ____________.a) authorized b) request*c) unauthorized accessd) deny

49) _________ of the FCIC/NCIC system can result in both disciplinary and legal action including termination against the officers involved.a) Useb) Improper usec) hurtful manner*d) Misuse

50) An agency involved in misuse of the FCIC/NCIC system could _______ its certification as an FCIC terminal site.*a) loseb) deprivationc) obtaind) gain

2) Communications Quiz

51) All FCIC/NCIC transactions are logged and can be _____________ retrieved upon request. a) written*b) electronicallyc) visuallyd) verbally

52) The FCIC/NCIC logs can be used for criminal investigations, suspected system misuse, system compliance, public records requests, and __________ purposes.*a) administrativeb) educationalc) trainingd) professional

5.108. System Usage

53) _______ is required to request a records check through FCIC/NCIC. a) Date of birth *b) Certain informationc) Social Security d) First and last name

54) To request a records check through FCIC/NCIC depends on the ______ an officer wants to receive from the system. a) ageb) racec) sex*d) type of information

55) When requesting information on a _______, officers should provide all identification data available, such as name, race, sex, date of birth, physical features, approximate height and weight, etc. a) a childb) adult*c) wanted or missing persond) male or female

56) For _______ identification information, an officer should provide the vessel name, manufacturer, license, tag/decal number, year of make, etc. a) boatb) motorcycle*c) vehicle or vesseld) skateboard

57) For stolen ______ requests, the name, manufacturer, description of property, shape, etc., should be provided. *a) propertyb) motorcyclesc) boatsd) vehicles

58) If the FCIC/NCIC database contains data that is the same as or similar to the information requested, a list of possible ______ will be returned.

a) hitb) equivalentc) twin *d) matches

59) Additional information may be needed to determine an ______ match. a) approximateb) correct *c) exactd) inaccurate

60) An exact match, called a _____, must be confirmed before an officer arrests a wanted person or recovers a missing person or stolen property. a) perfect*b) hitc) particulard) right

61) The hit confirmation process ensures that system information remains valid and is _______ to the person or property of interest to the officer.a) accurateb) similar*c) identicald) particular

62) The hit confirmation process prevents arrests based on outdate or invalid _____. a) arrestb) accusation c) detention*d) warrants

63) The hit confirmation process also provides more details about the action the entering agency wants taken upon location of the ______. *a) person or propertyb) personc) subjectd) suspect

64) For example, the entering agency can ______ if a wanted person will be extradited or what should be done if only part of an entered record has been recovered (e.g., a stolen vehicle entry where only the transmission was recovered).a) suggestb) determine*c) confirm d) guess

65) When data must be entered into FCIC/NCIC, the officer must provide the _______ to the person at the agency responsible for making such data entries. a) police report*b) original report and supplemental documentation c) witness testimony d) rationale

66) Some examples of data entered into FCIC/NCIC include _______.a) cases involving missing person

b) wanted personsc) stolen propertyd) abandoned vehiclese) abandoned vessels*f) All

67) Officers should follow _______ for adding information to the systems or when conducting a database inquiry. a) conscience b) FDLE suggestions *c) agency policiesd) coworkers suggestions

6. 109. Telecommunications: Using Mobile Data Terminals (MDT)

68) A _________ is the laptop computer installed in a patrol vehicle. a) MDT Police Computers b) Mobile Desktop Terminal (MDT)c) Military Desktop Toolkit (MDT)*d) Mobile Data Terminal (MDT)

69) The Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) is used by the officer to access information regarding _______.a) criminal recordsb) driving historyc) agency recordsd) to write and submit electronic/paperless reports to the supervisor*e) all

70) The Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) also allows the officer to view _________ that other patrol units are working on.a) the database *b) other calls for servicec) hardwared) screen

71) Non-emergency calls for service are dispatched over the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) to keep the radio channels ______ for critical events and crimes in progress.*a) openb) closec) secured) restricted

72) The officer must remember that the FCIC/NCIC rules _______ showing citizens any information displayed on the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) computer screen. a) allow*b) forbid c) controld) permit

73) The officer should also note that any input in the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) is recorded in a ________. a) essential part of a computerb) utility systemc) patrol laptop

*d) main computer

74) One of the _______ problems with the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) is the distraction it causes while an officer is driving and trying to read or input information in the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT). *a) biggestb) smallest c) undetected d) secondary

75) To avoid causing a vehicle crash, the officer should ______ attempt to read or use the Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) while the patrol vehicle is in motion.a) intent tob) not c) always *d) never

Telecommunications: Radio Procedures: Equipment and Codes

7. 110. Using the Radio

76) Throughout their shifts, officers use radios to send and receive _______ information, call for backup, or identify a suspect or wanted person. a) falseb) hearsay*c) vital d) destructive

77) Proper knowledge and use of the radio is _________.a) unnecessaryb) irrelevant *c) essentiald) key

78) The communications or dispatch center is the _______ of contact with patrol officers. a) partb) axle c) around*d) hub

79) What are the activities that the communications center handles daily to assist patrol officers?a) Transmitting callsb) Receiving calls for assistance from officersc) Broadcasting information about wanted and missing personsd) Checking records*e) All

80) Basic police radio communication generally relies on ________ types of equipment. a) two*b) threec) fourd) five

81) Transmitting calls, receiving calls for assistance from officers, broadcasting information about wanted and missing persons, checking records, and a multitude of other tasks _______ activities that the communications center handles daily to assist patrol officers.a) realize b) performs *c) comprised) compromise

82) The 911 dispatcher (also known as a public safety telecommunicatior) uses the base station or the main unit to communicate with all officers. This is the _______ type of equipment.*a) firstb) secondc) thirdd) none

83) Officers use the patrol car radio, which is a small unit mounted in the patrol vehicle. This is the _______ type of equipment.a) first*b) secondc) thirdd) none

84) Officers carry the portable radio on their belts or shoulders. This is the _______ type of equipment.a) firstb) second*c) thirdd) none

85) The patrol car radio is usually is under or _______ to the dashboard of the patrol car. *a) affixed b) trunkc) humpd) handlebars

86) In some patrol cars, radios are mounted on the vehicle transmission _______ or in a metal rack designed for holding electronic equipment. a) trunk*b) hump c) handlebarsd) affixed

87) In unmarked or undercover vehicles, the radio may be mounted under the seat or in the _____. a) humpb) handlebars*c) trunkd) affixed

88) On police motorcycles, the radio is usually mounted in plain sight behind the _________. a) trunkb) humpc) affixed

*d) handlebars

8. 110. Communications Personnel

89) 911 public safety telecommunicators/communications officers are generally ________ personnel who operate the radio and telecommunications systems. *a) non-swornb) police service techniciansc) DNA Expertsd) sworn

90) Communications personnel usually work in a ________ area with access to telephones and other resources needed to assist sworn officers.a) secureb) hidden c) computer*d) centralized

91) Communications personnel duties include, but are not limit to _________.a) answering, receiving, transferringb) dispatching functions related to 911 callsc) dispatching law enforcement officers, fire rescue services, emergency medical servicesd) dispatching other public safety services to the scene of an emergencye) providing real-time information from federal, state, and local crime databasesf) supervising or serving as the command officer to a person or persons having such duties and responsibilities*g) all

92) Communications personnel also access the ________ systems to provide vital information to officers who request it. a) FCICb) NCIC*c) FCIC/NCICd) UFPD

93) The term, _________, does not include administrative support personnel, including, but not limited to, those whose primary duties and responsibilities are in accounting, purchasing, legal, and personnel.*a) communications personnelb) law enforcement personnelc) correctional officersd) deputies

9. 110. Radio Features

94) There are many different ________, models, and types of radios for law enforcement use. a) colorsb) sizes*c) brandsd) capacity

95) _________ will explain the specific types of radios that different agencies may use. a) Sergeants b) Lieutenants c) The chief

*d) Field training officers

96) The basic police radio is generally fitted with at least three switches, levers, or buttons to control volume, ________, and channel selection. a) box*b) squelchc) buttond) cup

97) The plug for the microphone is usually on the front or side of the radio, while power and antenna connections are usually at the rear of the radio _______. a) boxb) containerc) frame*d) case

98) Most patrol car radios have a ________and on/off indicator light. *a) channel lightb) squelchc) switchesd) levers

99) Many radios also have a ________.a) microphone*b) transmit indicator light c) boxd) extra channels

10. 110. Radio Conduct and Procedures

100) The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) prohibits persons using police radios, including communications center personnel and law enforcement officers, from committing the following acts:a) transmitting nonessential or excessive signals, messages, or communicationb) using profane, indecent, or obscene languagec) willfully damaging or permitting damage to radio apparatusesd) maliciously interfering with another unit’s radio transmissione) making unidentified transmissionsf) transmitting before the air is clear and interfering with other transmissionsg) transmitting a call signal, letter, or numeral not assigned to the station or unith) adjusting, repairing, or altering a radio transmitter (except by agency-authorized radio technicians) *i) all

101) Who regulate police radios transmission? *a) Federal Communications Commission b) Computerized Criminal History (CCH)c) Nuclear Threat Initiative d) Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

102) Officers should ______ messages before transmitting them.a) speculate b) elaborate c) think*d) plan

103) Though an officer will have to speak quickly in an emergency, the more planned the message is, the more coherent, capable, and _______ the officer sounds. a) unsecured*b) professionalc) incompetent d) stress

104) Appropriate _______ techniques also help in making clear transmissions.a) code b) English skillsc) communication*d) microphone

105) The officer should speak _______ into the microphone in an evenly modulated tone of voice.a) slowb) distant *c) directlyd) fast

106) In stressful situations, an officer’s voice may crack or become ________ because of the adrenaline rush. a) with not sound b) tension c) shaky*d) distorted or high-pitched

107) A distorted or high-pitched voice can make the radio message difficult to understand, so officers should avoid displays of ________.a) broken voice*b) emotionc) nervous behaviord) irritation

108) Before voice transmissions, officers should listen to make sure there is no other radio traffic and then depress and hold the transmit button for approximately _______ second before speaking. *a) oneb) twoc) threed) four

109) If an officer is uncertain that the channel is clear for all traffic, he or she should ask _______ if the channel is clear.a) police officer*b) dispatchc) police service techniciand) chief

110) Some agencies use a phonetic alphabet or uniform codes; and others prefer clear speech (__________).a) plain languageb) plain sentences*c) plain English

d) plain Spanish

111) Officers should refer to their ___________ concerning the radio language to use.*a) agency policy b) FDLE policyc) UFPD policyd) GPD policy

112) Officers should also be aware that speech habits such as a trailing voice (diminishes in volume), the rate of speech (too fast or too slow), or speaking in monotone or a soft or unclear (mumbling) voice may affect clear _____________.a) professional behaviorb) transmission c) message*d) communications

113) If English is your second language, officers should be careful not to speak to their first language in a _________ situation.*a) stressful b) calmc) boringd) peaceful

114) Officers working high priority or ________ calls may request that a radio channel be designated for emergency traffic only. *a) felonyb) misdemeanorc) infractiond) criminal

115) Dispatch will alert other officers not to transmit unless an emergency occurs when an officer is dealing with a _______ case or a felony.a) misdemeanor*b) high priority c) infractiond) criminal

116) The dispatcher should be given time to acknowledge the call, and officers should remember that dispatch performs ________.a) several tasksb) few tasks*c) multiple tasksd) hundreds of research

117) Because most communications centers are computerized, the dispatcher needs time to access the appropriate _______.a) monitorb) flash web pagec) website*d) screen

118) Officers should pay attention to transmissions from other units in case an officer is requesting __________ or closer to a call for service than another unit.a) assistanceb) information

*c) backupd) training

119) Officers must also avoid arguments and _______ on the radio. a) jokesb) laughingc) screaming*d) sarcasm

120) If an officer has a problem with a dispatcher, he or she should contact his or her ________ and not argue with the dispatcher over the air. *a) supervisorb) chiefc) parking patrollerd) academy instructor

121) Officers must be professional on the radio at all times and avoid __________ on the radio.a) jokes and screaming*b) humor and horseplayc) bad words and anecdotesd) amusing and ridiculous

122) Officers should avoid using proper names in radio transmissions, and instead should refer to themselves and other officers by agency-assigned identification _______.a) last nameb) middle name*c) numbersd) nicknames

123) Officers should avoid using _______ in radio transmissions, and instead should refer to themselves and other officers by agency-assigned identification numbers.a) last nameb) first namec) middle name*d) proper names

124) All transmissions should be limited to __________ business. a) correctionalb) personalc) academy*d) law enforcement

125) Appropriate radio system use includes the following ___________.a) law enforcement-related messages to other agencies within the state or another stateb) driver’s license status and driver historyc) criminal records checksd) hazardous material queriese) aircraft, boat, and vehicle registration queriesf) road condition and weather queries*g) all

126) In accordance with rules established by Florida’s Secretary of State, all radio transmissions must be recorded and retained for ____ days. a) 10

*b) 30c) 20d) 15

127) Some agencies may retain transmissions for a ________ period of time. . a) shorterb) minimum *c) longerd) maximum

128) Criminal history details should only be transmitted by radio or cell phone when ___________ safety depends on it.*a) officer or public b) publicc) officerd) community

11. 112. Radio Privacy

129) An officer should expect no _______ in law enforcement radio transmissions.a) secretsb) reception*c) privacyd) seclusion

130) The only exceptions to private transmission include special investigations units, such as Organized Crime Units, which use scrambled or _________ channels that cannot be monitored.a) digitalb) codec) numeric*d) encrypted

131) Officers should also maintain proper ________ levels on their portable radios.*a) volumeb) talkingc) arguingd) capacity

132) The public sometimes considers a loud police radio as an indication of a rude and _________ officer.a) charismatic *b) pretentious c) friendly d) educate

133) _______ should be kept at a level where the officer can hear the radio, but not so loud that it disrupts everyone nearby. *a) Volumeb) Talkingc) Arguingd) Capacity

134) Officers should display care and concerns for the ________.a) international tourist

*b) public c) immigrants d) top executives

135) Using radio courtesy shows consideration and may lessen the distress or concern of an apprehensive citizen or _______. a) subject*b) witnessc) instructord) offender

136) When in the presence of a suspect, officers can reduce the risks of exposure and danger by using appropriate _____. a) numbersb) vocabulary *c) codesd) behavior

137) When in the presence of a suspect, if possible, another _______ should be asked to perform a records check, so the subject cannot hear the response.a) suspectb) judgec) victim *d) officer

12. 113. Radio Failure

138) If an officer experiences radio ________, he or she should switch to another channel to determine radio status.a) static *b) silencec) electromagnetic waves d) modulation

139) If radio contact is not available at all, the officer must immediately call his or her agency by _______ and report the communications difficulty. a) sign language*b) landline phonec) radiod) paper

140) Officers should know their agency’s operating _______, general orders, or policy and procedure about what to do if the radio fails.a) codeb) command*c) proceduresd) system

13. 113. Radio Protocol

141) __________ describes the procedures of properly constructing and transmitting messages.a) Signalb) Transmissionc) Code

*d) Radio protocol

142) Radio protocol includes roper use of appropriate codes and signals, which ________ among agencies and regions. *a) variesb) is the samec) disagreesd) agree

14. 113. Radio Codes

143) Codes and signals save airtime and convey ______ and definite meanings. *a) preciseb) legitimatec) interestingd) accurate

144) Codes also help maintain ________ and uniform radio communications.a) clarity*b) professionalism c) spirit d) character

145) There are ______ basic codes. *a) three b) two c) sixd) four

146) Basic Codes are ________.a) Alpha Codeb) Numeric Codec) Alphanumeric *d) All

147) _______code is a system of words that represents letters in the English alphabet. a) Policeb) Marine c) Alpha-3 language*d) Alpha

148) The letter of the alphabet “Q” is an example of __________.a) alphanumeric code*b) alpha codec) police coded) numeric code

149) ________ code is a system of numbers represents specific activities or conditions to which an officer might respond.*a) Numericb) Alphac) Alphanumericd) Police

150) The 10 codes and signals are a ________. a) alphanumeric*b) numeric systemc) Phonetic d) Alphabet

151) ________ code is a combination of letters and numbers, might include officer call signs or auto tags. a) Phoneticb) Alphabet *c) Alphanumeric d) Numeric

152) The _________ is a system of code words for identifying letters in voice communication.a) alphanumericb) numericc) code*d) phonetic alphabet

153) Individual agencies may not use the codes reviewed in this ________ but will train their officers in the language they do use.*a) textbookb) classroomc) trainingd) note taking

154) All officers will be expected to become proficient ________ in speaking on a radio to the communications center.*a) quicklyb) slowlyc) swiftnessd) excellent

15. 113. Constructing the Message

155) Like any effective communication, a properly constructed radio message involves _________in advance about what needs to be said.*a) thinkingb) talkingc) discussingd) reasoning

156) Radio message also involves delivering accurate information in a _____, concise manner. a) confusing*b) clear c) relevant d) code

157) Messages should follow this basic pattern: identification number, current location, reason for call, and information relative and essential to the ______.a) agencyb) employment*c) situationd) circumstances

158) Officers should write out ______ descriptions of the person, property, or vehicle in question for BOLO reports before broadcasting them on the radio.*a) fullb) partialc) relevant d) accurate

159) Be On the Look Out (BOLO) is an a) hearsay b) expressionc) sentence*d) acronym

16. 113. Essential Information

160) ______, officers must provide dispatch with certain information.a) When an officer receives a callb) Codes and signals*c) In every type of call or situationd) In reference of radio protocol

17.114. Officer-initiated Transmission

161) Officer’s identification number; officer’s location and direction of travel, tag number of vehicle for which information is being requested, state that issued the tag and the year of issue, vehicle color, vehicle make, model, and year (If unknown, descriptions like “newer model” and “late ’90s” are acceptable.), number of vehicle occupants, need for backup or other assistance as appropriate. This is transmitting information about ____________. a) traffic Investigations*b) traffic Stops c) crime Scened) human Issues

162) In emergencies, the dispatcher may _____ the channel for the responding officers to use during the call so they can communicate without competing for airtime.a) work 10 hours per shiftb) be entered into CADc) require working weekends, holidays and/or assignments*d) clear

18.114. Transmitting Information about a Traffic Stop

163) Officer’s identification number; officer’s location and direction of travel; tag number of vehicle for which information is being requested; state that issued the tag and the year of issue, if possible vehicle color; vehicle make, model, and year (If unknown, descriptions like “newer model” and“late ’90s” are acceptable.); number of vehicle occupants, and need for backup or other assistance as appropriate. This is essential information that must be provided when transmitting information about a _______.*a) traffic stopb) traffic crashc) missing persond) crime scene investigation

164) Dispatchers state the time at the _____ of each transmission. a) laterb) beginningc) every time*d) end

165) One reason is to ______ on the radio the time of the transmission.a) record it b) write down*c) document d) keep in mind

166) ______ is to tell the officer the transmission is complete.a) Perhaps *b) Anotherc) Differentd) Often

19.114. Transmitting a Description of a Person

167) Officer’s identification number or call sign, location, full description of the person including race, gender, age, height, and weight, clothing, hair color and length, and identifying characteristics such as scars, visible marks, or tattoos, reason for the stop, and need for backup or other assistance as appropriate. This is about transmitting information about a ___________.a) offenderb) witness*c) persond) accuse

20.115. Receiving and Answering Calls

168) When an officer receives a call from dispatch, the officer must respond with his or her identification number and location and ______ the information provided by the dispatcher, including the complainant’s name and address.a) record b) listen c) memorize*d) write down

169) _____ should be left to memory. a) Everything*b) Nothingc) Relevance d) Significance

170) The officer must advise dispatch upon his or her arrival at the call and note whether backup or any additional support or equipment is needed.*a) equipment b) pen or pencil c) video camerad) digital camera 21.115. Checking In and Out

171) When going ________, an officer does not merely get in the patrol car and drive to an assigned area. a) off duty*b) on dutyc) into a calld) an emergency

172) Police officers must check into service with dispatch when going on duty and out of service; when the shift ends, and the officer goes _____. *a) off dutyb) homec) meetingd) training

173) Checking in an out allows dispatch to monitor the officer’s _______ and ensure officer safety.a) compliance with shift dutyb) activity*c) location d) good communication skills

174) When checking into service, the officer should provide his or her identification number, the message in service or _____, and the vehicle the officer drives. a) 10-2b) 10-97*c) 10-8d) 10-9

175) When checking out at the end of a shift, an officer should provide similar information and the message out of service or _______. a) 10-1b) 10-20c) 10-4*d) 10-7

22.115. Transmitting Information about a Vehicle Pursuit

The information required for a vehicle pursuit is the same as that required for a traffic stop. If the attempted stop becomes a pursuit, the officer should keep dispatch informed of direction of travel and other descriptive information, such as street names, landmarks, and additional details about the fleeing suspect’s vehicle. Remaining calm in such a situation may be difficult. The dispatcher may have difficulty understanding if officers yell into the microphone or if different officers try to broadcast at the same time.

23.116. Communication and Interpersonal Skills

176) _________ involves the exchange of thoughts or messages, verbally and nonverbally, through signals or writing.*a) Communicationb) Interpersonal communicationc) Stereotypingd) Biases

177) Identify the purpose of interpersonal communication.a) Getting your point of view across

b) Community Policingc) Partnership in the community*d) To facility a primary function of interacting with other or to cause some kind of action

178) The terms that describe the process of communication are the sender or source, message receiver, and ________.a) signal*b) feedbackc) codesd) words

24.116. Elements of Effective Interpersonal Communication

179) An ______ does not gain public support by expressing irritation or frustration. Frequently, the officer should maintain a professional demeanor at all times.*a) officerb) parking patrollerc) police service techniciand) instructor

25.111. Listening

Listening takes practice and hard work and often requires much more energy than talking. a good listener concentrates on what is said, focusing on the words, ideas, and important data related to the subject and pays close attention to the speaker before evaluating his or her statement. Also, a good listener never imposes cultural biases on the speaker or the information, not relying on the assumptions and moral values normally used to assess what they hear and see. Rather, they should remain open-minded and sincerely listen to the speaker.

26.111. Projecting a Positive Self-Image

A person who feels comfortable expressing him- or herself generally projects a positive self-image. Officers should envision themselves as positive contributors to society and appreciate their own capabilities. an officer can increase self-confidence, self-image, and credibility through training, education, and experience in communication with others.

Appearance is the first nonverbal message an officer delivers upon arriving at a scene. Uniforms must be kept clean and pressed and shoes shined. In addition, officers should take care of their personal hygiene. Individual agency policies and procedures dictate guidelines concerning personal appearance.

Command presence means the bearing of one who commands or influences others. a combination of training and self-confidence, command presence is an officer’s most valuable nonverbal tool, and developing it is crucial for every officer. It includes appearance, demeanor, professional attitude, self-assurance, and professional poise.

27.117. Courtesy

180) _______ is demonstrated by showing consideration, respect, and cooperation when interacting with others. a) Educationb) Manners c) Attitude *d) Courtesy

181) _________ and professionalism go hand in hand as officers interact with citizens and other law enforcement professionals.a) Educationb) Manners c) Attitude *d) Courtesy

182) Officers should treat all persons with dignity, courtesy, and respect regardless of their _______, gender, appearance, or behavior.a) intellectb) age*c) racee) mind

28.117. Nonverbal Communication

183) Identify forms of nonverbal communication. a) Arms folded across the chest or legs crossed may indicate deception or defensiveness.b) Sweating, rapid breathing, fidgeting, or blinking may indicate nervousness.c) Anger is sometimes demonstrated through clenched fists, pacing the floor, clapped teeth, or a clear unwillingness to communicate.d) An open body with arms down by the side or comfortably in the lap may indicate a receptive person who feels at ease with the officer and the situation.*e) All

29.118. Barriers to Communication

184) Identify the barriers that could hinder the communication process. a) Personal prejudices, stereotyping, and racial or ethnic slursb) Profane or derogatory hand or body gesturec) Language differences*d) All

Human Interaction: Professional Behavior in a Diverse Society

30.119. Community Expectations and Officer Response

185) ____________ refers to the people and locations comprising the neighborhoods, institutions, and workplace where an officer lives or works.*a) Communityb) Municipalc) Cityd) County

186) ________ serve by acting in a courteous, efficient, and accessible manner, and by treating all people impartially with consideration and compassion.a) Chief Linda J. Stumpb) Sheriff Sadie Darnellc) Chief Tony Jones *d) Law enforcement officers

187) The __________ expect officers to uphold the legal rights of citizens without bias.a) jail

*b) communityc) detention centerd) prison

31.119. Citizens’ Expectations and Officer Response

188) If an officer _______ that he or she has negative biases, that officer should ask him- or herself, “Am I acting on biases and/or prejudice? Am I responding to this person differently than I would to a person of another race, sex, age, sexual orientation, religion, etc.?” a) assumeb) knows*c) believesd) predict

189) If the officer has bias,” then the officer should change his or her ________ in order to respond to situations fairly and professionally without bias.a) career *b) behaviorc) religiond) language

190) The badge worn symbolizes trust and ______. *a) respectb) untwist c) disrespect d) a lair

b) FALSE

191) Often, the ________ is the only face of government some citizens ever see, interact with, and know. a) chiefb) sheriffc) recruit*d) officer

192) If law enforcement officers want to perform their duties in a professional manner and maintain a positive image, they must learn the skills of _________.a) self-talkb) self-controlc) active listeningd) self-assessmente) always maintain a positive attitude*f) all

32.120. Strategies of Self-talk

193) __________ is a continual internal monologue in which an individual narrates the events going on around him or her.a) Self-knowledgeb) Self-control*c) Self-talkd) Bias/prejudice

33.120. Attitude

34.121. Self-Control

194) When an officer finds him- or herself in a stressful situation, he or she should breathe _______.a) smoothlyb) deeplyc) evenly*d) all

195) An officer should balance his or her posture and acknowledge reality, saying to him- or herself, “_______.”a) What do I care?*b) This is real and I can handle it.c) I want to bullied peopled) I care because I want to help others

35.121. Self-knowledge

196) _______ is an awareness of one’s inner nature, feelings, abilities, and limitations.*a) Self-knowledgeb) Self-controlc) Self-talkd) Bias/prejudice

197) Everyone has ________ that stem from personal sensitivities and the traditions they value. These include maintaining a good name, self-respect, pride in heritage, and other personal beliefs.a) self-controlb) self-talkc) bias/prejudice*d) emotional triggers

36.121. Evaluating Feedback from Others

The more an officer understands others’ verbal and nonverbal cues (feedback), the greater his or her ability to communicate and choose appropriate words. Understanding the need to constantly evaluate attitude and exhibit verbal and nonverbal skills is important to an officer’s job and safety. There are several ways to evaluate feedback. An officer can ask questions to determine if the person understands. The officer can observe facial expressions that show agreement or confusion or watch for gestures, such as shoulder shrugging.

An officer needs feedback information in order to understand a subject. Possible questions an officer should ask him- or herself in order to evaluate the situation include the following:

•What is the subject’s body stance or position?•What facial features and expressions indicate certain information?

37.122. Unprofessional Behaviors to Avoid

198) _________ is a fixed and unvarying idea or option of a person, group, or subject.*a) Stereotypingb) Bias/prejudicec) Perceptiond) Assumption

199) __________ is a strong negative belief or feeling about a person, group, or subject that is formed without reviewing all available facts or information.a) Stereotyping*b) Bias/prejudicec) Perceptiond) Assumption

200) __________ is the impression in a person’s mind of an individual, or group of people, or events based on experiences, bias, beliefs, assumptions, and observations.a) Stereotypingb) Bias/prejudice*c) Perceptiond) Assumption

201) ________ is a notion, statement, or belief about a person, group, or event that may or may not be factual.a) Stereotypingb) Bias/prejudicec) Perception*d) Assumption

Stereotyping is a fixed and unvarying idea or opinion of a person, group, or subject (IN030.17.). Labeling people, whether positively or negatively, may limit an officer’s ability to obtain information or help a victim. When judging a person based on generalizations, valuable information and clues about the person may be lost, resulting in ignored situational context that may help save a life. Both positive and negative stereotypes hurt because they categorize people unfairly and are therefore not acceptable practices. Officers should exhibit respect and integrity to all, irrespective of color, race, age, sex, religion, national origin, economic status, or physical and mental ability.

Bias or prejudice is a strong negative belief or feeling about a person, group, or subject that is formed without reviewing all available facts or information (IN030.9.A.1.). Prejudices may grow from learned behavior and attitudes. Citizens or officers who act with prejudice may exhibit inappropriate behavior towards individuals or groups who represent a race, color, ancestry, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, homeless status, mental or physical disability, advanced age or other self-definingcharacteristic. This type of behavior may be destructive and can invite civil liability.

Discrimination is the negative behavior toward a person or group that is based on color, race, sex, age, religion, and/or ethnic and national origin. Discrimination occurs because people choose to act on their prejudice. Each person has the right to live and work free from discrimination and prejudice.

Perception is the impression in a person’s mind of an individual, a group of people, or events based on experiences, biases, beliefs, assumptions, and observations (IN030.14.). People respond to situations based on their perceptions. An officer’s beliefs, values, and life experiences influence the officer’s behavior and view of others’ behavior. Perception also helps an officer develop and form personal opinions when communicating with persons of different ages, genders, races, and physical and mental abilities. Likewise, others perceive an officer based on their life experiences, beliefs, and values.

An assumption is a notion, statement, or belief about a person, group, or event that may or may not be factual (IN030.15.). It is also something considered as true or false without proof or demonstration. Assumptions are interpretations of what experience reveals, which may

not always be accurate.

The following are examples of often false assumptions:

Young people are loud and noisy.Young people are disrespectful to elders and authority.Young people pose threats to officers.Young people are violent, aggressive, and disrespectful.Older people are gentle, peaceful, and respectful.Older people pose no threat to officers.Older people perform slowly and use antiquated methods.Older people are conservative and cautious; they are not as effective as young people.

Using stereotypes, perceptions, and assumptions to judge people limits thought processes and may cause an officer to exclude vital information in an investigation. Limiting possibilities minimizes safety. Stereotypes, perceptions, and assumptions may cause an officer to act on emotions rather than plan a response. responsive behavior is to think, plan a response, and act using verbal and nonverbal skills.

38.123. Impact of Age Group on the Community and Officer Response

202) Large populations of certain age groups affect the type and volume of service calls. When determining how age affects the community and therefore officers needs; officers should determine if the community is a college town or retirement group; rural or urban has theme parks and other attractions that draw vacationers and tourists, or sponsors events that attract large groups of people of the same age or with the same interest, such as Bike Week, or _________.a) going to the movies*b) spring breakc) mall shoppingd) fishing or hunting

Interviewing: Preparing for the Interview39.124. Preparing for the Interview

203) Before asking the ______ question in an interview, officers must take certain steps to ensure that the interview will be successful. *a) firstb) secondc) thirdd) fourth

204) The pre-interview process includes _______.a) determining when and whom to interviewb) the order of interviewsc) where to interviewd) what information to obtaine) how to record the interviews*f) all

205) An interviewer should obtain ________.a) all pertinent information relating to the incidentb) compare it with other case informationc) follow agency interview policy and proceduresd) determine if Miranda warnings or the administration of an oath is needed

*e) all

206) In preparing for an interview, an officer should check the interviewee’s _________.a) name through the FCIC/NCICb) determine if that individual is a wanted personc) review the initial findings of the crime scene investigationd) gather and review available background information on the interviewee*e) all

207) Interviews should be conducted _________ or shortly after a crime in order to yield the most accurate and helpful information. a) within 24 hoursb) within 36 hoursc) within 72 hours*d) immediately

208) However, if an officer does not have an opportunity to speak with a witness at the scene, the officer should schedule a ________ interview with the person. a) meetingb) a phone call*c) post-scened) conference

209) The proper _______ to interview will be dependent upon various factors, including the physical and emotional condition of the interviewee. a) wayb) formc) manner *d) time

211) The officer should observe _________ that can indicate the person’s readiness for interview.a) locationb) expressionc) conduct*d) behavior patterns

212) Officers can decide which people at a scene should be interviewed by asking some general questions and seeking information from ________ who knows something about the crime.*a) anyoneb) other officersc) detectivesd) suspects

213) The extent of a person’s knowledge or involvement in the incident should be _______. a) found*b) uncoveredc) discoverd) determine

214) Answers to general questions such as “Can you describe what happened?” can help identify potential _________.a) suspects b) parties involve

*c) interviewees d) victims

215) Interviewing _____ people with knowledge of an incident is important.*a) allb) somec) a coupled) none

216) If a particular person is not interviewed, the officer should explain in the report _______ for not doing so.a) the motiveb) the conditionsc) the legality *d) reasons

217) Generally, the people interviewed belong to one of _______ categories. *a) fiveb) sixc) sevend) eight

218) A ________ is one who personally perceived information through any of the five senses: sight, touch, taste, hearing, and smell. a) victimb) complainant*c) witnessd) suspecte) informant

219) A _________ is a person thought to have committed an offense. a) victimb) complainantc) witness*d) suspecte) informant

220) A _______is a person or business against whom a crime was committed. *a) victimb) complainantc) witnessd) suspecte) informant

221) A ________ is one who reports the crime. a) victim*b) complainantc) witnessd) suspecte) informant

222) An _________ is one who provides information confidentially and whose identity is normally not disclosed until required by law.a) victimb) complainant

c) witnessd) suspect*e) informant

223) Factors that influence the success of an interview include ________.a) Isolation and privacyb) Confidential atmosphere that will encourage honesty and forthrightness from the intervieweec) Isolating the interviewee prevents outside influencesd) Privacy helps build rapport and gain truste) A good physical and emotional comfort level is another factor that can influence the success of an interviewf) The interviewee’s comfort will encourage cooperationg) The location of the interview is a factor that can determine successh) Interviews may be conducted at the scene of the incident or in the officer’s patrol vehiclei) If available, the officer may choose to interview subjects at a location that has recording equipment available. j) Whatever location is chosen, it should be safe, out of the weather, and isolated as much as possible from the sight and hearing of other intervieweesK) Witnesses, victims, and suspects should be separated to discourage discussion or rehearsal of their storiesl) Generally, interviews are conducted at the scene. In some situations, an interview conducted after leaving the scene of an incident is necessary. m) Many post-scene interviews take place after an injured individual is transported to a medical facility*n) All

224) An officer should also schedule sufficient ________ for each interview. Interviews can be time consuming but time will be well spent if the interviewer has planned and prepared. a) evidence b) personnelc) research *d) time

225) Phone contact is a means to screen potential interviewees (__________) to determine whether a formal interview is necessary.a) victimsb) witnessesc) informants*d) all

226) If possible, a _________ interview is the preferred method. a) phone call*b) person-to-personc) roll calld) station

227) An officer should talk to the people who can give the most information about the incident and record those statements along with ________ for later use.a) namesb) phone numbers (home, work, cell)c) addresses (home and work) *d) all

228) The ________ should personally obtain this information at the scene.

a) victimsb) witnessesc) informants*d) officer

229) An officer should ask questions aimed at establishing the _______.*a) elements of a crimeb) casec) crime scened) motive

230) Officers should avoid leading questions when interviewing. “And then she hit you with the bat, right?” is an example of a ________ question.a) directing*b) leadingc) illegald) all

231) The _________ should ask evenly spaced, nonthreatening, open-ended questions about the event. These questions usually require more than “yes” and “no” answers.a) victimsb) witnessesc) informantsd) officer*e) interviewer

232) Open-ended questions that encourage conversation typically begin as follows: ________.a) Whob) Whatc) Whend) Where e) Whyf) How*g) all

233) ________: Who were you with? Who was involved? Who is the suspect? Who is the victim?*a) Whob) Whatc) Whend) Where

234) ______: What happened? What did you see? What were the circumstances? What crimes were committed against the person? What crimes were committed against property?a) Who*b) Whatc) Whend) Where

235) ________: When did you realize something was happening? When, in terms of date and time, did the incident occur?a) Whob) What*c) Whend) Where

236) _______: Where would you like to start? Where did the incident occur? (Here, the responding officer should establish whether the incident occurred in his or her jurisdiction.)a) Whob) Whatc) When*d) Where

237) _______: Why did you call for help? Why did the incident happen?a) Where *b) Whyc) Howd) all

238) ________: How can I help you? How did the incident happen?a) Whob) Whatc) Whend) Where e) Why*f) Howg) all

40.126. Order of Interviews

Upon arrival at a scene, an officer should try to establish contact with the victim or the complainant. Generally, the complainant is the first person to be interviewed, but officer and scene safety factors may dictate otherwise. It is important to remember that the initial officer on the scene should render first aid before conducting any interviews. The officer should also be mindful of his or her safety relative to the scene. Once aid has been rendered and the scene has been secured, the officer shall determine the individuals to be interviewed and their order. The initial responding officer should normally first seek the reporting person/victim to get information about the incident. If the victim is injured, a critical initial task is to get BOLO information from the victim. After all initial tasks are accomplished; the officer should then seek other witnesses to the incident for interviews.

When conducting interviews, officer safety is of paramount importance. All interviewees should be checked for weapons and mental stability. If it is apparent that the interviewee is in shock or suffering trauma from the incident, then the interview should be conducted after the interviewee has stabilized.

Whether dealing with victims, witnesses, or subjects, the primary purpose is to gather information. Identifying attitudes of potential witnesses will help the officer decide the order in which to conduct the interviews (IN008.3.F.).Three main types of interviewees that an officer will encounter are reluctant, hostile, or cooperative. The reluctant interviewee is unwilling to answer questions. The hostile interviewee is antagonistic or agitated, whereas the cooperative interviewee is willing to answer questions.

Officers encounter many different types of witnesses and interviewees during the course of their daily activities. The following are examples of the kinds of witnesses an officer may interview and the techniques an officer may use to interview them:

Angry or aggressive witnesses

• establish control of the interview.

• Maintain a neutral demeanor.• Do not argue with the witness.• Follow safety precautions, including checking for a weapon.• ask direct questions.• try to reduce the witness’ stress and anxiety.

Cooperative witnesses

• establish rapport.• Confirm the witness’ observations and statements.• ask direct questions.• Do not confuse or frustrate the witness.

Victim• evaluate whether the victim is physically and mentally able to participate in the interview.• Build trust and cooperation.• Be aware of the victim’s verbal and nonverbal cues.• prompt the witness with primary and follow-up questions.• Maintain a relaxed and calm interview environment.

Other witnesses not directly involved with the incident• Listen carefully to the witness.• Be polite, patient, and understanding.• encourage the witness to disclose information.

Suspect• Consider the safety of all concerned.• Give Miranda warnings, when applicable.• Do not stereotype, pre-judge, ridicule or bully the witness.• Be honest and straightforward.

Talkative witnesses• establish the purpose of the interview.• Be patient.• ask closed-ended questions to redirect the witness back to the subject of the interview.

Reserved or reluctant witnesses• establish rapport.• State the purpose of the interview.• Speak in a subdued tone of voice.

Uncooperative witnesses• establish control of the interview.• Keep your composure.• remind the witness of the penalties of withholding information.

Stressed witnesses• establish rapport.• State the purpose of the interview.• refer witness to professional counseling if appropriate.

Diversity (cultural, gender, race, ethnic)• Be aware of potential language barriers.• repeat and explain questions.• refrain from stereotyping.

• Be aware of the distinctive or unique verbal and nonverbal behaviors of witnesses who have a different race, ethnicity, gender, or culture than you.

41.123. Common Sigs of Deception

When interviewing, officers should always be alert to the body language of the interviewee. How a person acts or reacts to a question may suggest deception. Being familiar with certain body movements, gestures, and facial expressions may help an officer recognize an interviewee who conceals information or is deceitful.

Detecting deception is not easy. Indications of deception include various physiological and behavioral signs. physiologically, increased perspiration, changes in skin color, dry mouth, increased pulse rate, or an observable change in breathing rate are signs of nervousness, stress, and possibly deception. Behavioral clues include nervous movements, pacing, an inability to sit still, refusing to look at the questioner, rehearsed answers, and inconsistent responses. Attempts to change the line of questioning, overeagerness to help, too much or too little clarification, and a repeated insistence that simple questions are not understood are further behavioral signs of deception.

Effective interviewing and comprehensive investigation may help officers recognize deception or honesty. a truthful witness will exhibit confidence, make an obvious and sincere attempt to assist in the investigation, and offer a solid, sustainable alibi. Truthful but guilty people will give incriminating answers that prove true, express regret for involvement in the crime, and assert an awareness of evidence against them.

42.129. Interviewing: Conducting the Interview

239) The _________ concludes the interview, and the officer should express appreciation to the interviewee for his or her time. The officer should request contact information from the interviewee in case additional questions come up in the future. The information collected in writing should be summarized by the officer and improvements for the next interview mentally noted. a) beginning stage*b) closing stagec) ending staged) questioning stage

During the interview, officers must be alert at all times, keeping in mind the safety techniques learned throughout the academy. Officers should position themselves so that their firearm side is opposite the person being interviewed. When possible, an officer should avoid sitting or standing with his or her back to a door.

Effective interviewing techniques encourage an interviewee to explain a situation completely in his or her own words but do not influence the interviewee’s responses.Officers should not suggest the right answers to an interviewee.

The initial stage of the interview is the warm-up. During this stage, the officer will establish rapport and build understanding with the interviewee and him- or herself. The officer should introduce him- or herself and make sure the interviewee is physically and emotionally comfortable. The officer must take care to conceal personal feelings of animosity toward the interviewee based on prejudice, bias, or lifestyle choices. Next, the officer should explain what is going to be discussed during the interview and describe how the information will be collected and used and why it is important to collect it. The goal of an interview is the transfer of information; therefore officers should use simple expressions which can be easily understood.

During the primary interview stage, the officer will obtain the information needed about the case. The officer will ask a variety of open-ended questions designed to elicit as much information as possible. They are used to get the interviewee to describe something in his or her own words. examples of open-ended questions include “What is your name?” and “Where were you when the accident occurred?” and “When did you hear the voices?”e interviewee is likely to answer questions like these in detail. Closed-ended questions elicit only “yes” or “no” answers. They are used to get specific answers or help the interviewee refocus. Examples include “Do you know where the suspect lives?” and “Were you in the room when the fight started?” past performance questions solicit from the interviewee how he or she handled a situation in the past. These types of questions can uncover additional information about the history of a situation or determine a behavior pattern. an example would be “how did you react to the arguments of the couple next door in the past?” (LE142.10.C.)

The closing stage concludes the interview, and the officer should express appreciation to the interviewee for his or her time. The officer should request contact information from the interviewee in case additional questions come up in the future. The information collected in writing should be summarized by the officer and improvements for the next interview mentally noted. (IN008.4.B.)

43.129. Basic Interview Techniques

240) __________ is a technique in which the interviewer acts as if he or she is looking in a mirror and seeing him-or herself as the interviewee.a) Sentenceb) Minimal encouragers*c) Mirroringd) False statements

241) __________ are brief statements which indicate that the officer hears what the person is saying and is inclined to hear more. Examples include “Okay,” and “Go on,” and “Then what.”a) Statement*b) Minimal encouragesc) Mirroringd) False statements

242) For effective interview techniques, the interviewee should be asked to think back to the _______, recalling the physical surroundings (time of day, workspace, and so on) as well as the emotional situation (rushed, bored, and so on).a) beginningb) postc) pre-cursory*d) original event

243) Determining if the information is suitable for submission to court is _________.*a) another helpful method an officer can employ to evaluate his or her interviewing skillsb) determine whether an officer is competent or notc) officer safety while testifyingd) all

244) If the ________ of the incident can be answered, then most likely, the desired results were achieved.a) who

b) whatc) whend) wheree) whyf) how*g) all

44.131. Interviewing: Documenting the Interview

245) Identify how to document the interview: taking notes, audio or video recordings, and _______.a) statementb) minimal encouragesc) sentence*d) obtain writer statements

246) Usually, it is best to begin taking notes early in the interview. This is begun by writing names, _______.a) addressesb) date of birthc) other basic facts*d) all

45.132. Interviewing: Taking Statements

247) A ________ is a permanent, verbal, or written record of a person’s account of an incident or occurrence that may or may not be made under oath. *a) statementb) minimal encouragersc) sentenced) written statements

248) ________ may be taken from anyone who has information about any crime, incident, or occurrence. a) Statementb) Minimal encouragersc) Sentence*d) Written statements

249) _______ may include, but is not limited to, witnesses, suspects, and victims.a) Statementb) Minimal encouragersc) Sentence*d) Written statements

250) When to take a _________ often depends on circumstances or agency policy.a) statementb) minimal encouragersc) sentence*d) written statements

251) Agency policies or the local State Attorney’s Office should be consulted for the _________.a) preferred procedure on locationsb) materials

c) equipmentd) interpreters needed for the statement*e) all

252) Most ________ require that the statement be sworn.a) police departmentsb) statutes*c) jurisdictionsd) courts

253) ________ must be notarized, and audio/video-recorded statements must be made under oath. They must be preserved as evidence in the case.a) Statementb) Minimal encouragersc) Sentence*d) Written statements

254) Information contained in witness statements may be used to _________.a) complete a reportb) offer probable causec) file an affidavitd) obtain a warrant*e) all

255) The information may be admissible in court and could help to solve a crime or identify additional suspects or witnesses who have information about _________.a) a crimeb) incidentc) occurrence*d) all

256) When asking an individual to provide a ________, an officer must be sure to explain the reason for the request and should be clear about what information (who, what, when, where, how, and why of the incident) is needed.a) statementb) minimal encouragersc) sentence*d) written statements

257) An officer should never offer an opinion or ________ of events. *a) interpretationb) suggestionsc) informationd) tips

46.132. When and How to Give an Oath

258) After forming a mental picture of the sequence of events, the officers should identify from whom to get ________.a) perceptionsb) statements*c) sworn statements d) a citation

259) Florida law, as per F.S.§117.10, provides law enforcement officers with the authority to

administer oaths while ________. However, this does not certify an officer as a notary unless he or she has completed the normal appointment processa) notarizing personal license*b) performing their official dutiesc) in court for a citationd) does not apply per Florida Statute

260) __________ for any sworn statement or affidavit when they want to commit the witness to his or her testimony. Sworn statements or affidavits are not admissible in court if the witness is also in court. *a) Officers should always administer an oath or affirmation b) For any statements or notice to appear when they want to commit the witness to his or her testimony. Sworn statements or affidavits are not admissible in court if the witness is also in court.c) When issuing a citationd) When enforcing an ordinance violation

261) An ______ is a promise to tell the truth regarding an incident or occurrence.a) affirmation*b) oathc) statementd) sentence

262) A person may object to taking an ______ because of a religious or philosophical belief.a) affirmation*b) oathc) statementd) sentence

263) ________ allows that a person can make an affirmation instead of an oath. a) Criminal Procedureb) Department policies*c) Florida lawd) All

264) An _________ is a solemn and formal declaration or assertion made in place of an oath.*a) affirmationb) oathc) statementd) sentence

47.133. Selecting a Location

265) Statements may be obtained in an ________.a) officeb) fieldc) officer’s patrol car*d) all

266) A ________ is generally recognized as a better form of evidence than an oral statement or interviewa) sentenceb) fragmentc) statement *d) written statement

48.134. Option 1: Individual Writes Statement

267) When writing a statement, an individual should describe, to the best of his or her recollection, every _______ involved in the incident.a) eventb) personc) weapond) vehiclee) property*f) all

49.134. Option 2: Officer Writes Statement

268) The officer should administer the oath and ask questions or have the person relate the information in his or her own words while the officer writes down the _________. a) sentenceb) fragment*c) statement d) written statement

269) Writing down the ________ is necessary if the witness does not read or write. a) sentenceb) fragment*c) statement d) written statement

270) The officer then should read the statement back to the witness, make any needed corrections, and ask the witness to date and sign the statement or _______.a) find a notaryb) verbally approve the document c) leave the signature in blank*d) make his or her mark

271) Any observing ________ should date and sign the statement as well.*a) officersb) witnessc) employeed) complainant

272) At the beginning and the end of the written _____, the officer should note “Dictated by __ and written by Officer ___.”*a) statementb) sentencec) paragraphd) notes

273) A person who cannot speak English can write a statement in his or her own _______.*a) languageb) hand writingc) writing skillsd) computer

274) A _______ may be needed, and another law enforcement officer may serve as translator.a) interpreter

*b) translator c) court orderd) notice to appear

275) Agency policy should be consulted regarding the use of a ________.a) interpreter*b) translator c) court orderd) notice to appear

276) In some situations, a witness may be ________ and cannot sign his or her name.a) injuredb) sickc) incapacitated *d) all

277) The officer should write the _______ the person cannot sign the statement and then sign it him- or herself.a) evictionb) notice to appearc) statement *d) reason

278) If possible, any witnesses should be asked to sign the statement as well. If a person _______ to give a statement, it should be indicated as such in the officer’s notes.*a) refusesb) disagreec) contradictd) argue

279) If the person gives a statement but refuses to sign it, the officer should note, “________”. *a) refused to signb) disagreec) contradictd) argue

280) Persons cannot be _______ to provide statements; however, they can be served written subpoenas and be required to appear in court.a) rejectedb) manipulate*c) forcedd) injured

50.134. Option 3: Audio Recordings

An officer may ask a witness to make an audio recording of the statement. On the recording, the officer must state his or her name and the names of others present, the day and date of the interview, the incident to be discussed, the case number, and the type of crime. The oath may then be administered.

Questioning begins the same way as it does for oral statements, or the person can be asked to narrate what happened in his or her own words. If beginning a new segment of the recording, the officer must document again as at the beginning of the statement, noting that this is a continuation of the statement given by the person and recording the date and time.

an officer should pay attention to what the witness says during the course of this statement to clarify discrepancies or elaborate when necessary. at the end of the recording, the officer should say, “is now concludes the statement of ____, regarding incident _____, case number _____.e time now is ____.” agency policy will dictate the disposition of the recording.

51.129. Option 4: Video Recording

Due to facilities and equipment needs, officers normally use this method only in serious criminal cases where visual information about the scene or victim is needed. (IN011.5.)

52.129. Interviewing Juveniles

Although interviewing juveniles is similar to questioning adults, basic differences exist. By properly applying interviewing techniques, law enforcement officers will be successful in obtaining the information to resolve investigations.

Parents have a right to talk to their children, if requested, and the children have a right to talk to their parents, if requested, before being questioned by law enforcement. Officers must be familiar with agency policies and procedures on parents’ and children’s access to each other during questioning.

All interviews with children who are victims or suspects should be recorded. The number of times a child may be interviewed is limited, and agency and local court policy should be consulted on this matter.

A child may not be placed or transported in any law enforcement vehicle which at the same time contains an adult under arrest, unless the adult is alleged or believed to be involved in the same offense or transaction as the child. Whenever feasible, suspects should be transported separately to avoid collusion regarding their testimony.

53.129. Incident Report

281) After completing the _______, the results should be documented in a report and properly filed.*a) interviewb) investigationc) an arrestd) detention

After completing an interview, the results should be documented in a report and properly filed (IN008.5.). Proper filing depends on agency policy; most jurisdictions require that reports and other documents be forwarded to an administrative section for appropriate filing.

54.130. Report Writing: Police Reports

282) A ________ is a written document prepared by a law enforcement officer that gives information about an event, situation, or person encountered by the officer. a) sentenceb) fragment c) statement*d) report

283) However, many officers find this important task difficult to accomplish. A report documents the ________ involved in an incident.

*a) factsb) fragmentc) perceptionsd) assumptions

284) Operational reports are generally linked to three major categories: offense-incident reports, arrest affidavits, and __________.a) traffic crash reports*b) supplemental or follow-up reportsc) DUI reportsd) sketch

A report is a written document prepared by a law enforcement officer that gives information about an event, situation, or person encountered by the officer (IN009.1.A.).Writing reports is a critical job function for all law enforcement officers. however, many officers find this important task difficult to accomplish. a report documents the facts involved in an incident (IN009.1.C.). an officer will write some kind of report after completing nearly every assignment. There before, officers must become skilled in writing effective, clear, concise reports. a report reflects the writer’s competency and professionalism not only in writing but also in all aspects of police work.

a well-written report is important because it results in better police work and moreconvictions, reduces legal liability for both the officer and the department, and savesthe department time and expense. Law enforcement personnel are frequently heard tosay, “If it isn’t in the report, it did not happen.”is underscores the point that reportwriting is one of the most important skills necessary for an officer’s success. Mostimportantly, a criminal could go free and threaten the safety of the community as aresult of a poor-quality report.Once a report is submitted and approved, it becomes a permanent public record. ereport must be able to withstand the test of time because it may be used years after theincident occurred. Most agencies have procedures describing appropriate forms, whoreviews reports, and how reports are stored.e officer should be familiar with agencyforms and the pertinent information required to complete each one. (IN009.1.)e primary officer prepares the offense-incident report. If the information pertains toa previously documented incident, the officer must prepare a supplemental report.esupplemental report should be attached to the primary officer’s report. an officer’ssupervisor may be responsible for preparing certain reports following incidents such asofficer use of force. Depending on agency policy, a community service officer maygenerate a number of criminal and noncriminal reports. although officers write manytypes of reports, the focus here is operational reports. Operational reports are generallylinked to three major categories: offense-incident reports, arrest affidavits, andsupplemental or follow-up reports. (IN009.1.C.1.)all reports are not written the same way. Before beginning a report, an officer shouldconsider the circumstances and situation he or she is trying to document. a burglaryreport, for example, will have different information and may be in a different formatthan a found property report.Other incidents that require reports include the following:• all crimes• use of force by an officer• suicide

55.131. Audience Considerations

56.132. Purpose of a Report in Future Proceedings

57.132. Report Writing: Recording the Facts

285) The basic steps in report writing are ________.a) recording the factsb) organizing the factsc) writing the reportd) evaluating the report*e) all

286) ________ is one of the ways to achieve recording the facts.*a) Note takingb) Jargonc) Grammar rulesd) Field notes

287) _________ are normally the primary source documents that an officer will use when writing operational reports.a) Note takingb) Jargonc) Grammar rules*d) Field notes

288) _________ sources may include written statements.*a) Additionalb) Conventional c) Standing d) Normal

289) An officer’s field notes will contain facts about ________.a) specific eventsb) interviewsc) information gathered from investigationsd) information that might aid in future investigations*e) all

290) Where did the incident take place? When did the incident take place? Who was involved? What happened? How did it happen? Why did it happen? These are the facts that a _____ should include. *a) filed notesb) interrogationc) statements d) notes

291) Writing notes while interviewing a witness may result in an officer not hearing some of the witness’s statement. The best practice is to listen and then ask the witness to pause while the officer writes down the information. The ________ will permit officers to hear and record the most information from witnesses. a) proofreading method b) implicit method c) interactive method *d) alternating method

292) All ________ should be correctly spelled and accurately recorded. If an officer is uncertain of a name’s proper spelling, he or she should ask the witness to spell it. If the witness is not sure, then the officer should write the word phonetically and try to find the

correct spelling later. a) namesb) addressesc) other relevant information*d) all

293) ________ information may result in the wrong person being arrested or in an acquittal of the guilty person.*a) Inaccurateb) Right c) Goodd) Accurate 58.135 Report Writing: Organizing the Report

294) Notes can be organized in _________. .*a) chronologically or categoricallyb) By grouping all information pertaining to or received from each individual c) Placing in an accordion filed) Bunching together in a folder

295) Organizing ________ means sorting information by date and time from the first event to the last.*a) chronologically b) categorical c) horizontal d) vertical

296) __________ ordering information is especially useful when writing a narrative. Readers can readily tell what happened, when, and in what order.*a) Chronologically b) Categorical c) Horizontal d) Vertical

297) Information may also be grouped categorically such as ________ weapons used, and crime elements.a) witnessesb) victimsc) suspects*d) all

59.136. Reviewing Notes

298) Report writing is much more than filling in the blanks on a preprinted form. The largest and most important part of most reports is the narrative.a) partialb) jargonc) slang*d) narrative

60.136. Report Writing: Elements and Principles of Effective Report Writing 61.136. Elements of an Effective Report

299) As the officer works on each step of report writing, he or she must keep in mind the

following nine elements of an effective report. All reports must be as follows: _________.a) factualb) clearc) concised) completee) accuratef) written in standard Englishg) grammatically and structurally correcth) legiblei) timely*j) all

62.137. Factuality63.137. Clarity64.137. Conciseness, Completeness, and Accuracy65.138. Use of Standard English

300) _________ is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession that has meaning specific to people who work in that field. For example, AKA, DOA, or “smash and grab” are terms familiar to law enforcement officers but might be unfamiliar to civilians.a) Improper or misused words*b) Jargonc) Slangd) Narrative

Communicants Quiz 7

301) ________ consists of informal, nonstandard words often characterized by regional or specific group usage. Examples might include “tight,” “da bomb,” “trippin’,” and “my bad.” Except when quoting witnesses, slang has no place in a police report.a) Improper or misused wordsb) Jargon*c) Slangd) Narrative

302) _______ are words that are often confusing. Examples are words that sound the same but are spelled differently, such as “there/their/they’re” or “to/too/two.” Others are words that sound similar but have different meanings such as “accept/except.”*a) Improper or misused wordsb) Jargonc) Slangd) Narrative

66.140. Grammar, Structure, and Legibility67.140. Timelines68.140. Principles of Clear Report Writing

303) _________: Reports may be written in the first or third person, depending on agency policy. First person: “I saw,” “I spoke,” “I arrived.” Third person: “The officer saw,” The officer spoke,” The officer arrived.”*a) Point of Viewb) Voicec) Tensed) all

304) _______: Reports should be written in the active, rather than passive, voice. In active voice, the subject of the sentence acts. “Ann struck John with a frying pan” is active voice. In passive voice, actions are done to the subject of the sentence. “John was struck with a frying pan by Ann” is passive voice.a) Point of View*b) Voicec) Tensed) all

305) ________: Law enforcement reports are about events that have already occurred, so they are always written in past tense. a) Point of Viewb) Voice*c) Tensed) all

306) It is important to make sure that proper ______ are used. Writing in active voice does not mean that the writer must write in present tense. “Ann struck John with a frying pan” is written in active voice, past tense, and is proper for reports. “Ann strikes John with a frying pan” is written in active voice, present tense, and is improper.*a) verb tensesb) timec) information d) statement

69.141. Report Writing: Content and Format

307) ________ relates to the material aspects of the case: what happened, who was involved, etc.*a) Contentb) Formatc) Sentence structured) Fragment

308) _________ is the way this information is organized and presented in the report.a) Content*b) Formatc) Sentence structured) Fragment

70.141. Proper Identification of the Statute and Elements of the Crime

309) Officers must properly identify the correct name and number of the _______. If the narrative accurately describes and outlines the elements of a crime, but it is not the crime listed as the classification on the offense report, then the entire content of the report can be called into question.*a) criminal statute violated b) case number c) Florida Statutesd) court case

71.141. Introduction, Body, and Conclusion

310) Identify the elements of the preferred method for structuring a report.a) Introduction or opening

b) Bodyc) Closing*d) All

311) The ________ usually includes the date, place, assignment and arrival time, the officer’s name, the identity of the victim, suspect, or complainant, and the officer’s first action.*a) introduction or openingb) bodyc) closingd) all

312) The ________ of the narrative is the detailed chronological account of the incident. This section includes the investigative actions taken by the officer and must address the elements of the crime. a) introduction or opening*b) bodyc) closingd) all

313) The ________ explains how the incident was resolved or how the information obtained was handled, including any citations issued or arrests made with appropriate criminal charges documented. a) introduction or openingb) body*c) closingd) all

314) The content of the narrative report should answer ______ key questions.a) oneb) twoc) three*d) four

315) The content of the narrative report should answer: __________.a) Why was the officer there?b) What did the officer observe?c) What did the officer do?d) What were the outcomes?*e) All

72.142. Report Writing: Mechanics73.142. Developing a Good Vocabulary74.143. Proper Grammar75.143. Proper Sentence Structure

316) A ________ is a group of words that contains a subject (a noun) and a verb (action) and expresses a complete thought. .a) content*b) sentencec) structured) fragment

317) A ________ is a group of words that lacks a subject or verb or fails to express a complete thought. a) content

b) sentencec) sentence structure*d) sentence fragment

76.144. Correct Spelling and Capitalization

318) If an officer handwrites a report, he or she should use a ________. a) computer*b) dictionaryc) thesaurusd) fellow officer

77.145. Proper Punctuation78.146. Evaluating the Report

319) Once the _______ has been written, it must be evaluated. a) contentb) sentencec) sentence structured) sentence fragment*e) report

320) Evaluating a police report consists of two steps: ______.*a) editing and proofreadingb) editingc) proofreadingd) translation

321) _______ and proofreading are two separate steps and each should be done independently. *a) Editing b) Punctuationc) Fragmentationd) Spelling

322) ________ is the evaluation of content.*a) Editing b) Punctuationc) Fragmentationd) Proofreading

323) ________ is the correction of mechanical errors. a) Editing b) Punctuationc) Fragmentation*d) Proofreading

79.147. Specific Steps in the Editing and Proofreading Process

324) To evaluate for errors, the following should be considered: ________.a) spellingb) grammarc) punctuationd) capitalization*e) all

325) _________: Not only do all words need to be spelled correctly, but also the proper forms of words should be used.*a) Spellingb) Grammarc) Punctuationd) Capitalizatione) All

326) _________: Verb tenses need to agree, and sentence structure should be correct. All sentences should be written in active voice.a) Spelling*b) Grammarc) Punctuationd) Capitalization

327) ________: All possessives should be properly noted. All periods, commas, exclamation points, apostrophes, etc. should be included.a) Spellingb) Grammar*c) Punctuationd) Capitalization

328) __________: All appropriate words should be capitalized.a) Spellingb) Grammarc) Punctuation*d) Capitalization