6–2526–45

46–6364–83

84–103104–119

The Pacific Northwest is a diverse geographic region, dominated by several mountain ranges, including the Coast Mountains, the Cascade Range, the Olympic Mountains, the Columbia Mountains, and the Rocky Mountains. The highest peak in the Pacific North-west is Mount Rainier, in the Washington Cascades, at 14,410 feet (4,392 m). Immedi-ately inland from the Cascade Range there is a broad plateau, narrowing progressively northwards, only a few miles wide in Canada, and also getting higher. In the US this region, semi-arid and often completely arid, is known as the Columbia Plateau, while in British Columbia it is the Interi or Plateau, also called the Fraser Plateau. The Colum-bia Plateau was the scene of massive ice-age floods, as a consequence there are many coulees, canyons, and plateaus. Much of the plateau, especially in eastern Washington, is irrigated farmland. The Columbia River cuts a deep and wide gorge around the rim of the Columbia Plateau, and through the Cascade Range on its way to the Pacific Ocean. After the Mississippi, more water flows through the Columbia than any other river in the lower 48 states.

Because many areas have plentiful rainfall, the Pacific Northwest has some of North America’s most lush and extensive forests, and at one time, the largest trees in the world. Coastal forests in some areas are classified as temperate rain forest.

NxNW

The Pacific Northwest is a diverse geographic region, dominated by several mountain ranges, including the Coast Mountains, the Cascade Range, the Olympic Mountains, the Columbia Mountains, and the Rocky Mountains. The highest peak in the Pacific North-west is Mount Rainier, in the Washington Cascades, at 14,410 feet (4,392 m). Immedi-ately inland from the Cascade Range there is a broad plateau, narrowing progressively northwards, only a few miles wide in Canada, and also getting higher. In the US this region, semi-arid and often completely arid, is known as the Columbia Plateau, while in British Columbia it is the Interi or Plateau, also called the Fraser Plateau. The Colum-bia Plateau was the scene of massive ice-age floods, as a consequence there are many coulees, canyons, and plateaus. Much of the plateau, especially in eastern Washington, is irrigated farmland. The Columbia River cuts a deep and wide gorge around the rim of the Columbia Plateau, and through the Cascade Range on its way to the Pacific Ocean. After the Mississippi, more water flows through the Columbia than any other river in the lower 48 states.

Because many areas have plentiful rainfall, the Pacific Northwest has some of North America’s most lush and extensive forests, and at one time, the largest trees in the world. Coastal forests in some areas are classified as temperate rain forest.

NxNW

8

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

10

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

12

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

14

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

16

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

18

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

20

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

22

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

24

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

28

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

NEEDLES

CONES

30

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

32

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

GRAND FIR

ABIES grandis

PINACEAE

FLATTENED, LINEAR

BARREL SHAPED, BORNE UP-RIGHT, FEMALES (2–5 IN

NEEDLES

CONES

34

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

PACIFIC YEW

TAXUS brevifolia

TAXACEAE

EVERGREEN, SPIRALLY ARRANGED, DISTINCT PETI-OLE (FUSED LOOK)

ORANGE-RED ARIL (~1 cm), HIGHLY MODIFIED SCALES

NEEDLES

CONES

36

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

BLACK HAWTHORN

CRATAEGUS douglasii

ROSACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (3–6 cm)

OVATE

LOBED

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

38

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

RED HUCKLEBERRY

VACCINIUM parvifloium

ERICACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (2–3 cm)

ELLIPTICAL

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

40

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

SNOBERRY

SYMPHORICARPOS albus

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

SHRUB (up to 6 ft)

SIMPLE (2–3 cm)

OVATE

OBTUSE

OPPOSITE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

42

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

DEVIL’S CLUB

OPLOPANAX horridus

ARALIACEAE

SHRUB (up to 6 ft)

SIMPLE (.1–.5 m)

PALMATELY LOBED

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

44

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

OREGON GRAPE

MAHONIA nervosa

BERBERIDACEAE

SHRUB (~1m)

COMPOUND (25–45 cm)

LANCEOLATE

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

48

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

OREGON ASH

FRAXINUS latifolia

OLCACEAE

TREE

COMPOUND

OVATE

ACUTE

OPPOSITE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

50

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

BLACK COTTONWOOD

POPLUS basalmifera

SALICACEAE

SHRUB (up to 80 ft)

SIMPLE (3–6 in)

OVATE

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

52

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

SCOULER’S WILLOW

SALIX scouleriana

SALICACEAE

SHRUB (up to 25 ft)

COMPOUND (3–5 in)

OBOVATE

OBTUSE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

54

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

MADRONE

ARBUTS menziesii

ERICACEAE

TREE

SIMPLE (8–13 cm)

OBLONG TO OVAL

ACUMINATE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

56

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

HAZELNUT

CORYLUS cornuta

BETULACEAE

SHRUB (1–4 m)

SIMPLE (2–4 in)

OVAL (w/ heart shape)

ACCUMINATE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

58

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

CASCARA

RHAMMUS purshiana

RHAMVACEAE

SHRUB (~1m)

SIMPLE (2–6 in)

OBLONG

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

60

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

PACIFIC NINEBARK

PHYSOCARPUS capitatus

ROSACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (1.5–3 in)

PALMATELY LOBED

LOBED

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

62

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

WESTERN SPIRAEA

SPIRAEA douglassi

ROSACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE

OBLONG

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

FORM

66

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

WESTERN LARCH

LARIX occidentalis

PINACEAE

LINEAR, DECIDUOUS, WIREY, THIN, SHORT SHOOTS

SMALL (1–1.5 in), EGG SHAPED, THIN/WOODY SCALES, FINELY TOOTHED APEXES

NEEDLES

CONES

68

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

70

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

NEEDLES

CONES

72

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

NEEDLES

CONES

74

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

NEEDLES

CONES

76

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

78

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

80

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

82

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

SITKA SPRUCE

86

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

88

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

WESTERN WHITE PINE

PINUS monticola

PINACEAE

5 PER FASCICLE, ROUGH WHEN FELT BACKWARDS

LONG, SLENDER, SLIGHTLY BENT, LOOKS LIKE A FLAT BANANA

NEEDLES

CONES

90

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

OREGON WHITE OAK

QUERCUS garryana

FAGACEAE

TREE (40–80 ft)

SIMPLE (~12 cm)

PINNATELY LOBED

LOBED

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

92

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

RED FLOWERING CURRANT

RIBES sanguineum

GROSSULARIACEAE

SHRUB (<12 ft)

SIMPLE (2–6 cm)

PALMATELY LOBED

OBTUSE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

94

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

GREAT CHINQUAPIN

CHRYSOLEPIS chrysophylla

FAGACEAE

TREE

COMPOUND

OVATE

ACCUMINATE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

96

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

HAIRY MANZANITA

ARCTISTAPHYLLOS columbiana

ERICACAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (~3.5 in)

OVATE

ACUTE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

98

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

SNOWBRUSH

CEANOTHUS velutinus

RHAMNACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE

OVATE

OBTUSE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

100

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

DEERBRUSH

CEANOTHUS integerimus

RHAMNACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE

OVATE

OBTUSE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

102

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

PRICKLY CURRANT

RIBES lacustre

GROSSULARIACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE

PALMATELY LOBED

LOBED

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

106

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

WESTERN JUNIPER

JUNIPERUS occidentalis

CUPRESSACEAE

PERSISTENT, SCALE LIKE, AWL LIKE, AROMATIC

LEATHERY SCALES, BLUE/GREEN, RESINOUS

NEEDLES

SEED

108

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

BIG SAGEBRUSH

ARTEMESIA tridentata

LOBED

ASTERACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (~1 in)

SESSILE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

110

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

BITTERBRUSH

PURSHIA tridentata

LOBED

ROSACEAE

SHRUB (2–6 ft)

SIMPLE

PALMATELY LOBED

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

112

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

GRAY RABBIT BRUSH

VHRYSOTHAMNUS nauseosus

LOBED

ASTERACEAE

SHRUB

SIMPLE (.25–3.5 in)

SESSILE

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

114

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

SMOOTH SUMAC

RHUS glabra

LOBED

ANACARDIACEAE

SHRUB (10–20 ft)

COMPOUND

PINNATELY LOBED

ALTERNATE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

116

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

PURPLE SAGE

SALVIA dorii

OBTUSE

LAMNACEAE

SHRUB

COMPOUND (10–40 mm)

LINEAR

OPPOSITE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT

118

COMMON NAME

LATIN NAME

FAMILY

MOCK ORANGE

PHILADELPHIS lewisii

ACUTE

HYDRANGEACEAE

SHRUB (<11 ft)

COMPOUND

OVATE

OPPOSITE

FORM

LEAF TYPE

LEAF SHAPE

LEAF TIP

LEAF ARRANGEMENT