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PNO Technologies for Wireless Automation
Real time requirements in industrial automation
PROFIBUS International 2006.ppt
Hans Gerlach-Erhardt
PNO TC2/WG12
ETSI Wireless Factory Starter Group
20.-21.October 2009 – ETSI, Sophia Antipolis, France
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l 34 Competence Center (PICC) in 14 countries
l 8 Test Labs (PITL) worldwide for Certification and Compliance Tests
l 25 Regional PI Associations (RPA) worldwide
W-
EU
BelgiumRPAPICC
DenmarkRPA
FinlandRPA
FranceRPAPICCGreat BritainRPAPICC
IrelandRPAPICCItalyRPAPICCNetherlandsRPAPICC, PITL
NorwayRPA, PICC
SwedenRPAPICC
SwitzerlandRPAPICC
Germany+ AustriaRPAPICC, PITL
E-
EU
Czech Rep.RPAPICC, PITLPolandRPA, PICC
RussiaRPA
Slovakia
Presence and Support worldwide
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RPA
Asi
a
ChinaRPAPICC, PITL JapanRPAPICC, PITL
KoreaRPA
S.-E.-AsiaRPAPICCThailandRPAPICC
Australia/New ZealandRPA
S. AfricaRPAPICC
Am
eric
a BrazilRPA
USARPAPICC, PITL
RPA = Regional PI Association PICC = PI Competen ce Center PITL = PI Test Laboratory
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PNO Structure for Technology Development
Executive Directors
Board of Directors
TC 1Test and Certification
Advisory Board
Members Assembly
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The Profibus User Organisation (PNO) Germany carries the responsibility for the Development of PROFIBUS and PROFINET technologies as well as for the Certification of Products
Business Office Certification OfficeTC 2
Communication Profiles
TC 3 PAProcess Automation
Profiles
TC 4System Integration
TC 5Marketing
Factory AutomationProfiles
TC 3 FA
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PI (PROFIBUS und PROFINET International)
PI Test Laboratories
(PITL)
Regional PI Associations
(RPA)
PI Competence Center(PICC)
Technologies
PROFIBUS & PROFINET International
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Technologies
Fieldbus based Automation Technology
Ethernet based Automation Technology
Proxy Technology
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4 Wireless Technologies for Industrial Automation
Factory and Process Automation
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WSAN
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PNO Wireless Standards for Automation
Existing and in use:
Industrial WLAN
Industrial Bluetooth
WirelessHART
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draft of specification until end of 2009:
Wireless Sensor Actuator Network
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„WSAN“
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WSAN Scope
� Typical Wireless Devices could be…� Proximity sensors (inductive, optical etc.)� Light barriers� Pilot devices� Pneumatic/hydraulic actuators� IO modules� …
� They are…
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� They are…� part of an automation system� used for (real-time) control of the process� mounted „somewhere“ in the machine (FA) or field (PA)
� They should be…� easy to engineer with tools that are known to the customer� easy to set up & replace in case of service/maintenance
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WSAN
Process AutomationWirelessHART
WSAN Scope
Factory AutomationReal time control
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IEEE802.15.4IEEE802.15.1
- Use of existing Engineering Tools- Seamless integration into Profibus/Profinet infrastructure
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WSAN Principles
Application Service Elements for a Wireless Sensor/Actuator (SA) according to [2]�IO Data: SA have a relatively small amount of input/output data (“cyclic data”), e.g. 32 bit per SA
�Process/Record Data: SA have a limited amount of record data (e.g. parameters, service information),e.g. 255 records with 32 bit per record
�Diagnosis: SA can support diagnosis e.g. 32bit per SA, possibility to indicate diagnosis request from SA to basestation
�Alarm, Management: not needed for SA
�Context: Service needed for SA identification and system configuration.
�Load region: could be optional for firmware updates etc.
�Function Invocation: not needed
�Time: could be optional
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PROFIBUS/PROFINET Integration�Mapping can follow any of the suggested integration concepts described in [1].
�Addressing elements that need to be transmitted over the air (e.g. SA node number, record data addresses) should be limited to the absolute required minimum in order to optimize performance.
�Addressing elements should be sized in a reasonable way, but shall “fit” to PROFIBUS and PROFINET.
System Configuration and Device Integration�System Configuration/Device Integration has to be solved by the means already defined by the PNO e.g. GSDML, GSD, FDT/DTM, EDDL
�Additional software for configuration/device integration is not acceptable.
�Additional software to monitor the wireless network can be an option, but shall not be mandatory.
[1] Fieldbus Integration into PROFINET IO, Guideline, Version 1.0 September 2006, Order No: 7.012
[2] IEC611158- 5
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2 Application Categories
The four wireless technologies of the PNO are clustered according to their transmission properties:
1. category: WLAN and Bluetooth allow the transmission of PROFINET-frames and thus the direct connection of wireless PROFINET IO-devices to the plant network. Even Safety-Communication using the PROFIsafe-Profile is possible.
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2. category: WirelessHART and WSAN are not suitable for the transmission of PROFINET-frames because of the small packet size and low data rates. They will be connected to Profinet networks via gateways and thus allow the connection of widely distributed sensors or actuators in the process world and fast real time communication in manufacturing plants.
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System Structure WSAN-FA
PLC
WSAN-FA IO-LinkWSAN-FA Base
/
Remote IOs
WSAN-FASensor/Actuator
IO-LinkSensor/Actuator
StandardSensor/Actuator
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WSAN-FA Base station
IO-LinkMaster
WSAN-FA Base station
WSAN-FA Sensor/Actuator
IO-LinkSlave
Remote IOs
Sensors/Actuators
Converter
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Factory Automation Requirements
WSAN
Factory automation in many cases requires a response time of less than 10ms for a machine with more than 100 sensors and/or actuators.
The PNO decided to base their FA-solution on ABB‘s WISA-Technology because the timing and robustnes of the system is industry proven
Three major enhancements are needed to cover the known use cases:
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- Channel Blacklisting as one important method for coexistence
- Range extension up to 30m
- Compatibility to the IO-Link data models for sensors and actuators
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WSAN Use Cases Coverage
Max.
Range m
Total node number/local application
Avg. Node
Min.
With a Given PHY:- Determined!
WSAN Use Cases:
Turntable Assembly (Rundteller)
Robot Assembly
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Delay (max.)
Error rate(Zuverlässigkeit)
Energie
10
E-1
0
10
E-9
10
E-8
10
E-7
0 . 0 1 0 . 1 1 1 0
Avg. Node Density /m³
-> Optimize/Accept
(Rohbauzelle, BiW)
Metal Stamping („Presse“)Tooling machines
Peripheral devices (Geräteschlitten, Portale, Zufuhr)
Transport Systems (FTS)
Fördertechnik (Krane, Bänder, Logistik)
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Resulting Requirements
Requirement Max.
Wireless devices per application
per 1 WSAN System
300
100 *
Overlapping WSAN Systems 5
Range 10 (30) m
Node density
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Paket loss rate < 10E-9
Delay max. [ms] 10 ms *
108
106
104
102
1
t
* Scalable: 1-4 Uplinks -> 25 – 100 devices @2ms TDMA cycle time High speed mode possible with shorter TDMA cycle(-> 50 nodes @1ms TDMA cycle time ?)
2,2ms
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IO-Link - WSAN Mapping
Master/Gateway
Only Parts of data Link and Phy have to be adapted
Application
IO-Link...
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DLL
PHYWSAN
Data channel mapping
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-10
-5
0
WSAN Repeated Code Performance vs Different CRC‘s
Comparison of different coding strategies:
CRC23 and CRC55 can be used if the repeated information space is used for extending the CRC for the short and long telegram
�Repeated Code, HD=8, 1*10-9CRC16
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-4 -3 -2 -1 0BER
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
duP
�CRC16, HD=6, 1.5*10-5
�CRC23, HD=8, 1.2*10-7
�CRC55, HD≥8, 2.8*10-17
The Repeated code outperforms the CRC16 and CRC23 in all respects and even the CRC55 when it comes to protection against white noise
Probability of undetected error vs BER (log-log)
CRC23 Repeated
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Coexistence is a must
PNO and ZVEI agreed on a coexistence guideline, that is widely accepted in the industry and was hihgly apreciated by end users and device manufacturers.
The brochure is available for download at: http://www.zvei.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Fachverbaende/Automation/Publikation/ZVEI_Coexistence_of_Wireless_Systems_in_Automation_Technology.pdf
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Source: ZVEI
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ETSI
ETSI: : Wireless Factory Automation (WIFA)� Identification of potential standardization activities with regard to topics such
as requirements, spectrum usage, co-existence, the DECT model, Ultra Wide Band, radio technology for real-time applications, architecture, network integration
� Interoperability and conformance testing
� Regulatory topics such as allocation of exclusive spectrum to wireless factory usage and the use of exclusive spectrum technologies such as Tetra and
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usage and the use of exclusive spectrum technologies such as Tetra and Femtocells.
� ETSI should help to promote and support available s tandards!
Avoid redundant work in a new standardization group !
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TC2 / WG12 WSAN
Have a sucessful day!
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