OverviewWhyModels now outModels coming soonBatteries & chargingElectrical grid

impacts

Why?Macro

Security – We NEED oilFinancial – Oil accounts for 40% of our trade

imbalanceOil – finite resourceGlobal warming/PollutionSafety

USAMost electric parts made in USA62,000,000 Light Trucks and SUV’s

PersonalChallenge – One of the firstEducation

Oil a problem for the USA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil

Oil – Finite reserve

Oil – Harder to get

Oil – Harder to get• 30, 000 feet

• 7,000 feet of ocean •23,000 feet of shale and sediment

http://www.grist.org/article/2009-10-08-exploring-extreme-frontiers-of-oil-drilling

Global Warming?

Global Warming?

http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/

Global Warming?

http://climate.nasa.gov/keyIndicators/index.cfm#SeaLevel

Sea Level Measurements

BP Explosion Kills 11

Alternatives Burry our head in the sandMove to fuel cellsMove to hydrogenMove to electric vehicles

http://www.teslamotors.com/performance/well_to_wheel.php

OverviewWhyModels now outModels coming soonBatteries & chargingElectrical grid

impacts

Electrics have a long history

Anderson Electric 1907

Modern electrics started out slow

Hobbyists use existing parts

Electric has real potential1 gal gas = 8 kw electric1 gal gas = $.60 electricMany options to make it

Over 3200 conversions

http://www.evalbum.com/http://www.ShockwaveMotors.com

Build your own

Tesla RoadsterCompany is now profitable240 mile range0-60 in 3.9 seconds1500+ cars delivered

BMW Mini-ECalifornia Trials underway450 cars on the road

Chevrolet VoltFully electricRange extended gas motorProjected launch November 2010

Nissan LeafFully electric100 mile range5 passengerMade in TNJan 2011

Prius – Enginer ConversionImproves mileage 30%$2500Almost an EV

OverviewWhyModels now outModels Coming

SoonBatteries & chargingElectrical Grid

Impacts

Fisker KarmaSales to begin 2nd qtr. 2011To be made in Delaware

Tesla Model SSales to begin 2012To be made in California

OverviewWhyModels now outModels coming soonBatteries &

chargingElectrical grid

impacts

Batteries are improving

Lithium – 1/3 Weight2.5X capacity8x Charge cycles

Battery pricing has dropped

Date Li - $/Battery 12V 40 amp-hr

Pb BatteryOptima 38

2/2006 $1090 $129

1/2009 $275 $159

4/2009 $250

12/2009 $200 $170

ChargingTN one of 5 states for

initial infrastructure$100 M grant with

additional state funds.Trying to ensure the Leaf

and new battery plant are a success

ChargingLevel 1 120V 15 Amp

12 hoursLevel 2 220V 30 Amp

3 hoursLevel 3 460 V 60 Amp

30 minutes

OverviewWhyModels now outModels coming soonBatteries & chargingElectrical grid

impacts

Grid Impact

If charging is done off peak no new plants are neededIf charging is done at peak times 160 new power plants needed (17,000 in operation)

25% of miles powered electrically

Are electric vehicles 0 emissions?No

But even 100% electricity from coal is better.5-60% lower emissionsCoal is worst case

Nuclear, Hydro, Wind, Solar are clean

Electric powered automobiles, even using the most CO2 intensive coal produced electricity, produce half the emissions of gasoline powered automobiles.[25] US Dept. Of Energy

Questions?

dhrivnak@chartertn.net www.hrivnak.com