PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE COMING…IS YOUR UTILITY READY?Britta Gross

Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization

Increasing Electrification

Extended-Range Electric VehicleChevrolet Volt

BATTERYElectric Drive Driving (Gasoline or E85)

EXTENDED RANGEHUNDREDS of milesmiles40Up to

Pre-Production Volt:Engineering Test Drive – 13 Oct 2009

Charging and Infrastructure

GM/EPRI Utility CollaborationIncludes more than 50 Utilities… many the industry’s thought-leaders in electric transportation and grid interaction

Sacramento Municipal UD

San Diego Gas & Electric

PacifiCorp

Tri-State G&T

Hydro-Québec

Arkansas Electric Coop

Dairyland PowerConsumers Energy

Hoosier

Southern Company

EnWin NYPA

Central Hudson G&E

PSEGExelon

CPS Energy

BC Hydro

Southern California Edison

Hawaiian Electric Co.

Great Plains Energy

FirstEnergy Constellation Energy

Progress Energy

Northeast Utilities

NY ISO

PJM

Seattle City Light

Salt River Project

Austin Energy

Great River Energy

DTEConEd

EUROPE

Iberdrola, S.A.

Hydro One

Pepco Holdings, Inc.

Tennessee Valley Authority

Portland General Electric

Snohomish County PUD No. 1

Nebraska Public Power Dist.

We Energies

AEP

Duke EnergyAmeren Services

Hetch Hetchy Water and Power

Rochester G&E

LIPA

Pacific Gas & Electric

Golden Valley Electric Assn.

Manitoba Hydro

CenterPoint Energy

Lincoln Electric

Dominion Resources

United Illuminating

Avista Corp.

Madison G&E

Arizona Public Service

Six Things We Need to Get Right

• Market analysis

• Technical features

• Customer experience

• Public education

• Public policy

• Advanced features and new opportunities

Charging Power Levels• 120V (1.2 kW) charging

– Plugs into standard household outlet– Full charge in about eight hours (temperature dependent)– No additional equipment or installation (?)– Charge cord standard with the vehicle in NA

• 240V (3.3 kW) charging– Full charge in about three hours– Efficient and enables more opportunity to

drive electrically– Will usually require a one-time investment to

upgrade garage with dedicated 240V circuit

• Charger and control logic onboard the vehicle

• Designed for global voltages

120V Cordset

240V ChargeStation

Where Are the Cars?

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Fleet Distribution during weekHome Residence Work School & Church Commercial Other Driving

Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311

Home Charging can be a real satisfier for consumers, but there is a lot of potential variability that we have to help manage…

• Garages can be filled with junk and need to be rearranged to make room for the charger

• Some garages already have washers/ dryers or refrigerators that operate on 220V lines but making room for additional line a challenge

• Locating charger on right or front of vehicle works better for some. But garage clutter is still an issue

How close is the nearest 120 V outlet? CAR FL0-20 ft 61% 87%20+ ft 39% 13%

Is 120V outlet a dedicated circuit? CAR FLYes 2% 8%No 98% 92%

What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit? (not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter)? CAR FL

$100-$250 40% 46%$250-$500 47% 45%$500-$750 12% 5%$750+ 2% 4%

Does existing premise allow for the installation of a 120 V15 A dedicated circuit? CAR FL

Yes 86% 81%No 14% 19%

Progress Energy Home Survey: Carolinas (2,100) and Florida (3,400)

Add’l Costs:Panel upgrade ~$1,000EVSE ~$300-1,000Meter/submeter?

Is there an accessible dedicated 240 V/30 A (min) outletwithin 25 ft of where the vehicle is parked? CAR FL

Yes 5% 41%No 95% 59%

What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit? (not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter) CAR FL

$100-$250 10% 35%$250-$500 60% 52%$500-$750 19% 8%$750+ 12% 6%

Does the existing premise allow for the installation of a240 V/30 A dedicated circuit? CAR FL

Yes 85% 80%No 15% 20%

Progress Energy Home Survey: Carolinas (2,100) and Florida (3,400)

Add’l Costs:Panel upgrade ~$1,000EVSE ~$300-1,000Meter/submeter?

2008 Gasoline vs. Electricity PricesAverage Gasoline Price$3.25/Gallon and Electricity 11.36¢/KwHr

$3.23/17.57¢

$3.21/17.50¢

$3.30/15.96¢

$3.20/15.69¢

$3.30/14.62¢

$3.42/19.36¢

$3.11/15.95¢

$3.46/18.79¢

$3.26/11.39¢

$3.36/11.07¢

$3.24/8.93¢

$3.18/10.13¢

$3.27/10.93¢

$3.26/11.60¢

$3.15/9.72¢

$3.12/8.98¢

$3.12/9.79¢

$3.04/8.03¢

$3.21/7.82¢

$3.24/7.48¢

$3.23/8.22¢

$3.17/13.91¢

$3.21/13.81¢

$3.28/11.67¢

$3.23/10.06¢

$3.35/12.68¢

$3.26/9.72¢

$3.12/9.99¢

$3.16/9.69¢

$3.34/7.03¢

$3.19/10.36¢

$3.20/7.97¢

$3.14/10.30¢

$3.15/8.81¢$3.13/9.46¢

$3.19/10.36¢

$3.07/9.25¢

$3.13/12.92¢

$3.21/10.25¢

$3.21/10.15¢

$3.30/7.01¢

$3.27/9.14¢

$3.34/11.93¢

$3.24/10.02¢

$3.28/8.30¢

$3.18/8.18¢

$3.53/14.40¢

$3.36/8.52¢

$3.42/7.58¢

$3.75/16.35¢

$3.76/32.50¢ Source: Oil Price Information Service

Source: Energy Information Administrationhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html

Top Priorities for Overall Utility Support:

• Consumer EV support (24/7 operator for EV charging questions)

• Residential infrastructure assistance Fast, convenient installation process that is affordable (i.e. satisfying)

Utility handles entire home installation process OR Coordination between Utility (meter) and 3rd party installer (EVSE)

• Outreach and leadership in readying regions for plug-in vehicles Key stakeholder outreach City/regional initiative to put enablers in place Consumer education

• Compelling consumer EV rates and easy sign-up process Inform customers of best options, preferred rates, green options

• Policy assistance (e.g. eased permitting, building codes, incentives)

• Expanded fleet purchases

Home Inspection EVSE Installation Meter Installation Permit/Inspection Rate Signup

Plug-in Ready Communities

• Dedicated project leader

• State, city, county

• Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD

• DOT

• Utilities (municipal and regional)

• Regulators/public utility commissions

• Permitting and code officials

• Local employers

• Local universities

Required Stakeholders

Plug-in Ready Communities

• Dedicated project leader

• State, city, county

• Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD

• DOT

• Utilities (municipal and regional)

• Regulators/public utility commissions

• Permitting and code officials

• Local employers

• Local universities

Desired Enablers

Government Fleet Purchases

Building Codes to Include Home

Charging Enablers

Green/Renewable Charging Options

Vehicle Purchase Incentives

Low Off-Peak Charging Rates(e.g. to encourage nighttime charging)

Game PlanInfrastructure/Incentives/Educational Outreach

Charging Installation Incentives

(Home, Work, Public)

HOV Lane Access

Free Charging

Free Parking

Required Stakeholders

What’s the Right Balance Between…Being Prepared and Being Positive?

Overly Concerned Not Concerned EnoughGrid can’t handle PEVs Grid can handle millions of

PEVs and utilities can easily keep up with PEV loads

Electricity will come from coal

Electricity is always cleaner than gasoline

Home charging/installation is fraught with problems that will dissatisfy consumers

It’s easy – find a normal household outlet and plug it in

There’s a real infrastructure challenge and we need to install lots of public charging

Just charge it at home – as it was intended

Volt will be too expensive Volt will fly out of dealer showrooms