Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland.

Carcinoid tumour of appendix.

The salivary glands give rise to a diversity of tumors that belies their small size.

About 80% of tumors occur within the parotid glands and most of the others in the submandibular glands.

The dominant tumor arising in the parotids is the benign pleomorphic adenoma, which is sometimes called a mixed tumor of salivary gland origin.

Salivary Gland Tumors

Epithelial Components• Tubular and cord-like arrangements• Cells contain a moderate amount of cytoplasm• Mitoses are rare

Stromal or “mesenchymal” Components• Can be quite variable• Attributable to the myoepithelial cells• Most tumors show chondroid (cartilaginous)

differentiation• Osseous metaplasia not uncommon• Relatively hypocellular and composed of pale

blue to slightly eosinophilic tissue.

Pleomorphic adenoma contains both epithelial (E) and stromal (S) components.

Pleomorphic adenoma. Slowly enlarging neoplasm in the parotid gland of many years duration.

The bisected, sharply circumscribed, yellow-white tumor can be seen surrounded by normal salivary gland tissue

A, Low-power view showing a well-demarcated tumor with adjacent normal salivary gland parenchyma.

B, High-power view showing epithelial cells as well as myoepithelial cells found within a chondroid matrix material.

CARCINOID TUMOUR OF APPENDIX

They originate in the enterochromaffin cells of the intestine and have the ability to produce various peptides and hormones.

Previously categorised by their embryological origin – foregut, midgut & hindgut.

Revised classification has taken into account tumour location, histological grade and proliferative index

Neuro-endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (carcinoids) are rare tumours

-Typical small neoplasm occurring in submucosa

-Growth of the tumor is slow; vast majority are < 1cm ( 5% > 2cm)

-It grows outward leaving the mucosa intact

-As it reaches the serosa it can cause a desmoplastic reaction and lead to kinking of the bowel

Carcinoid syndrome is almost uniquely associated with midgut carcinoids (neuro-endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract)

Carcinoid syndrome was first described by Thorson and co-workers in 1954

Systemic symptoms are caused by an excess of biogenic amines, peptides and other factors (serotonin, tachy- and bradykinins and histamine) in the circulation only after liver metastases.

MOST COMMON TUMOUR OF PAROTID

FACIAL NERVE IS NOT INVOLVED

TOC : SUPERFICIAL PAROTIDECTOMY

FACIAL NERVE IS PRESERVED.

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