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Pleiades: a collaborative workspace for ancient geographyTom Elliott, director, ancient world mapping center
Overview of presentation
goaldescribe current state of planning and design of a digital, collaborative workspace for ancient geographysolicit comments, suggestions and critiques
structurea hypothetical research scenariochallenges to successful completion of researchPleiades: how it will help & how it may work
Roman roads: a reference system
“I have gathered in this sketch ... such facts, hitherto scattered, as I have been able to get together, which bear on [the administration of the Roman aqueduct system] ... The present treatise also may be found useful by my own successor, but it will serve especially for my own instruction and guidance ...
I will first set down the names of the waters which enter the City of Rome; then I will tell by whom, under what consuls, and in what year after the founding of the City each one was brought in; then at what point and at what milestone each water was taken; how far each is carried in a subterranean channel, how far on substructures, how far on arches. Then ...”-Frontinus, On the Aqueducts (de aquaeductu), 1.1, 3
text courtesy of Bill Thayer, http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Roman/Texts/Frontinus/De_Aquis/text*.html)
To the source of the Aqua Virgo
“[Marcus Agrippa], after his own third consulship, ... brought Virgo to Rome, taking it from the estate of Lucullus. ... The intake of Virgo is on the Collatian Way at the eighth milestone, in a marshy spot, surrounded by a concrete enclosure for the purpose of confining the gushing waters. Its volume is augmented by several tributaries. Its length is 14,105 paces....”
- Frontinus, On the Aqueducts (de aquaeductu), 1.10
Discoveries ex machina: the ‘Stadiasmus Provinciae Lyciae’
Patara (mod. Gelemiş in Turkey)a built-over 6th century AD Byzantine wall, a 1993 fire ...a description of the provincial road network in Lycia, erected by the first governor, Q. Veranius (AD 43/44-47/48) under orders from the emperor Claudius: over 40 blocks recovered
Hypothetical stadiasmus ‘pinned’ to known features
Some nodes in the network can be located exactly (e.g., Arsada, Tlos)Nodes without locations can be constrained because of their connections with located nodes (e.g., Cora)Previously unattested connections (road segments) between located nodes are constrained by various factors …
Predictive modeling for node and segment locationsPredictive modeling for node and segment locations
Constraints supplied by:
Known node locationsKnown road segmentsSegment lengths (stadiasmus)‘Connectedness’ of unlocated nodes (stadiasmus)Characteristics of observed contemporary road / terrain relationships
Multiple candidate segments / node locations possibleConstraints may force something to a very narrow area(!)
What do you need?
Collaboration: methods, techniquesData
Terrain elevationLocations of settlements, road segments, milestones, …Names of things that aren’t locatedDatesArchaeological survey dataBibliography -> to get data and understanding
How do you get what you need?Prior to September 2000: the ‘attribute data’
Pauly?Specialized bibliography?Into the swamp ...
Barrington Atlas: what more do we need?
More data: larger scales, other time periodsDigitize & georegisterBreak the static map paradigm!Data discovery, data aggregation
LocationsNamesAttributes (period, type, importance)Accessibility
Make integration with other data sources modular and easy
The Pleiades data model: placenames
entityentity placenameplacename
IDID
namename
languagelanguage
nametypenametype
encodingencoding
The Pleiades data model: placenames
entityentity placenameplacename
IDID
namename
languagelanguage
nametypenametype
encodingencoding
is calledis called
The Pleiades data model: location(s)
entityentity
is called
placename
locationlocation
locationTypelocationType
IDID
geoLocationgeoLocation
locationCertaintylocationCertainty
locationDescriptionlocationDescription
The Pleiades data model: location(s)
entityentity
is called
placename
locationlocation
locationTypelocationType
IDID
geoLocationgeoLocation
locationCertaintylocationCertainty
locationDescriptionlocationDescriptionis located atis located at
The Pleiades data model: dates
is located at
entityentity
is called
placename
location
datedate
IDID
dateTypedateType
dateStringdateString
dateValuedateValue
dateCertaintydateCertainty
The Pleiades data model: dates
is located at
entityentity
is called
placename
location
datedate
IDID
dateTypedateType
dateStringdateString
dateValuedateValue
dateCertaintydateCertainty
was activewas active
The Pleiades data model: some more dates
is located at
place
is called
placenameplacename
location
datedate
IDID
dateTypedateType
dateStringdateString
dateValuedateValue
dateCertaintydateCertainty
was active
The Pleiades data model: some more dates
is located at
place
is called
placenameplacename
location
datedate
IDID
dateTypedateType
dateStringdateString
dateValuedateValue
dateCertaintydateCertainty
was active
was usedwas used
The Pleiades data model: etc.
For points, lines and areas:Uncertainty models, disagreementWhat if the “same” entity changed locations?Bibliographic references – live links? finding guide?
Continuous dataElevation and elevation-derived dataRemotely-sensed data / aerial photographs
Data that doesn’t fit our paradigmArchaeological survey data
Other modeling & design issues
Legacy dataUse casesSecurityEditorial authorityPlatform/implementationExternal connectivity
e-text resourcesRegister of Ancient Geographic Entities (RAGE)Stoa Waypoints Database
Where we actually are
Classical Atlas Project dataGazetteer + Map-by-Map Directory to XML60% of maps in Adobe Illustrator format
• test conversion process• eventual production in house?
40% of maps are film-produced• exploring raster scanning options (proof-of-
principle)• eventual production contracted out?
Pleiades design and implementationPrototyping summer 2001
Soliciting Barrington Atlas critiquesDownloadable and interactive web formsResults to XML for eventual incorporation
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
task
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
annotate
task
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
annotatetask
task
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2concur, demur,
concur with modification,annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
annotatetask
task
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
task
managing change!
researcher
reviewer
editor
affiliate 1
affiliate 2
commit, reject,defer, modify,
annotate
concur, demur, concur with modification,
annotate
recommend, deprecate, recommend with mod.,
annotate
annotatetask
task
thisChange
draft, propose,modify, retract
affects
entity
changehistory
is part of
task