(Please have your “Lincoln” packet out)

What are the most important advantages and disadvantages to the Union and Confederacy?

Answer the 4 questions on sheet

Civil War 1861-65

• How did Executive power increase during the Civil War?

• How did war turn into one over slavery?– Battle of Antietam: Emancipation Proclamation– Battle of Gettysburg: Gettysburg Address– 13th Amendment

Lincoln:

• (#2) Most significant “crossroad”?• (#3) What if he chose differently?• (#4) Examples of increases in Executive

power?

The Union and Confederacy

April 1861- Sumter

Confederate President Jefferson Davis

Union President Abraham Lincoln

Advantages, Disadvantages

North strategy- “Anaconda”

• Blockade:– No exports of cotton; economy strangled– No imports of food, materials

• Mississippi– Cut Confederacy in 2

• Richmond– The capital

Northern strategy: “Anaconda”

1. Blockade2. Mississippi3. Richmond

Confederate strategy

1. Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack– All they have to do is “not lose”

2. “War of attrition”– Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers– North will lose the will to fight

3. Europe will side with them (cotton)– Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties

• (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day;– Gettysburg: @ 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan-

5,281 dead)

1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation

• 1861- 1862- Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee • Late summer ’62- Army on a roll…• INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would…– Start uprising in Maryland– Convince Europe to support South– Get food for army

http://americancivilwar.com/tl/1862_east_large.jpg

Union

• Doesn’t know where Lee is…• Secret plans found on cigar

Antietam

• 40,000 Confederates• 100,000 Union • September 1862• Northern Maryland

1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

By day’s end

• 12,000 Union casualties• 14,000 Confederate casualties

September 17, 1862

• Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties– 3,654 Dead– 2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

Antietam National Cemetary

Lee’s retreat

• 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties• Retreats (limps) back to south• Invasion a failure• Northern “victory”

Lincoln: Why not free the slaves?

• #1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves• Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE,

MD) may secede• May seem like an act of desperation-

Confederacy has been winning all the battles• Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right

to do so

Emancipation Proclamation• Lincoln

– Has his victory- in a position of strength– Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62

• Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…”

• Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief”

– How does this solve all 4 Problems?

the meanwhile, Grant in the west…

• All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi

Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

Vicksburg

Bend in the Mississippi

Grant’s risky campaign• March to May 1863– Crosses Miss. South of V’burg– Attacks Jackson first

Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863

• 2,800 shells a day for 47 days; how many per minute??\• people inside starving… resort to eating shoe leather• July 4, 1863- 30,000 Confederates surrender

Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

Lingering memories

• Vicksburg Mississippi did not celebrate the 4th of July again until 1944 (after D-Day)

Summer 1863- The turning point of the war

• Gettysburg– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g

• Vicksburg• The speech

Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Addresshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2a-S3rjDBw

Importance of 1863

• July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg– Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never

threaten Union soil again• July 4, 1863- Vicksburg surrendered– Mississippi River now in Union hands