Upload
melinda-copeland
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Announcements
• Plagiarism certificate due next week, without fail (learn.unm.edu).
• APA homework due next week – group project (learn.unm.edu).
• CITI training (learn.unm.edu) and ILL article request (email) due the following week.
• Before you can see the APA assignment on learn.unm, you must sign up for a group. Even if you are not uploading the file for the group, you MUST sign up for a group to get a grade for this assignment.
Institutional Review Board: IRB
• Human subjects research oversight
• Federal requirement for universities accepting federal grant funds.
• “Ethics” boards common internationally
Why IRBs?
• WWWII Nuremberg Military Tribunal - Nuremberg Code
• NIH's Policies for the Protection of Human Subjects (1966)
• May 30, 1974, NIH’s policies attain regulatory status
• September 30, 1978 – the Belmont Report
Whole group discussion questions
• Any surprises in the assigned Nature paper?
• Why do you think this happens?
• What does this say about research ethics?
• What dilemmas do you see in conducting research?
• Are researchers just bad people?
Plagiarism
An assignment which contains text or work taken from another source in
whole or part (i.e. a web site, another student’s previous assignment, an
article or textbook) without any acknowledgement of the original
source.
What’s the big deal?
• Everyone does it, don’t be such a stickler over details…
• It’s morally wrong and if you do it, you’re a PLAGIARIST!!!!!!
IMPORTANT POINT!!!!
EVERY TIME you use information from another source you must indicate
where you got your information with the author’s
last name and year of publication.
Example #1:Involving stakeholders in the design and
implementation of an evaluation can (a) influence the extent to which evaluation results are used
and considered relevant by stakeholders (Welsh & Metcalf, 2003), (b) make an evaluation more responsive to the different perspectives and needs of the various participants (Torres &
Preskill, 1998), and (c) help stakeholders become more sophisticated consumers of, and
participants in, program evaluations (Coghlan, Preskill, & Catsambas, 2003).
Example #2:
Commins and Miramontes (1989) carried out one of the few studies that has
examined the actual language performance of students who have been identified as
semilingual. Their results indicated that… They additionally reported that…
It must be clear at all times:
1. What are your own independent ideas.
2. What is your own interpretation of someone else’s work.
3. What is a summary or a paraphrase of someone else’s work.
4. What is a direct quote from someone else’s work.
5. What is “common knowledge.”
Your interpretation of someone else’s work:
Examples:
I understand Foucault to be arguing that…
Foucault’s theory could be applied to this context…
Paraphrasing
An adequate paraphrase is a re-statement of the main ideas of
some text, in your own words and using your own sentence
structure.REMEMBER! You still have to indicate your source with the author’s last name and year of publication.
Helpful Hint
To avoid inadequate paraphrases, read a section of text until you feel you
understand what the author is trying to say. Then, shut the book or turn the paper over and pretend that you are talking with
a classmate. Start by saying “What this author really means to say is…” Explain the idea in REAL (not academic) English.
Paraphrasing activity:
1. With a partner, chose a short passage from one of the provided texts.
2. Read and re-read the passage until you feel that you have a good grasp of the main ideas. Take notes as needed.
3. Paraphrase the information, in your own words and using you own sentence structure.
4. Compare your paraphrase with that of your partner.
Direct Quotes
If you want to copy, word-for-word, something that was written somewhere else, you must:
1. Copy it exactly as in the original text.
2. Indicate any deleted text from the middle of the quote with three dots (…).
3. Enclose the quoted text in “quotation marks” if less than 40 words. If more, then block indent.
4. Indicate the author’s last name, year of publication AND page number where you found the quote.
NOTE: The author’s name, publication date, and page number must immediately precede or follow the quote.
Frequent mistakes with quotes:• Forgetting quotation marks at beginning
and end of quote.• Putting the citation inside of the
quotation marks or after the sentence final punctuation.
• Putting … at the beginning or the end of the quote.
• Changing the verb tenses to fit your sentence structure.
Quick Write
Do you think it’s important to learn to use APA correctly? Why or why not? How might this relate to our previous discussion about research ethics?
1. What kind of a reference is it?
• Journal article
• Authored book
• Edited book
• Chapter of edited book
How did you know???
3. Sentence structure
Kozulin, A. (1990). Vygotsky's psychology: A biography of ideas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1. Author2. Publication date3. Title4. Publisher information
3. Sentence structure
Gillen, J. (2000). Versions of Vygotsky. British Journal of Educational Studies, 48(2), 183-198.
1. Author2. Publication date3. Title4. Publication information
Let’s try some examplesLook through the sample reference list handout.
1. Identify examples of several different types of references.
2. Identify the “sentences” within each type of reference.
3. Identify a pattern for what must go within each sentence for each type of reference.
Details to pay attention to:• Number of spaces:
• No more than one space between elements of a reference.
• One space between an author’s initials.• No space between volume and year.
• Capitalization: Journal title ONLY• Commas: make sure they aren’t missing in
the AUTHOR element.• Italics: Book or journal title, and journal
volume (not issue #).
5. Reference page extras
• Page break• Margins• Page heading• Paragraph spacing• Text alignment & indentation
Looking ahead…
Topic: Defining research and exploring the paradigm wars
Read: Jigsaw in small groups the 3 sets of readings from LD Quarterly