PLC Lab manual

PLC & SCADA APPLICATIONS(BE - 2008 Course)

INDEXPractical No.Title of ExperimentPage No.

01 (a)Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.3-6

01 (b)Performed delayed operation of lamp by using push buttons 7-8

02 (a)Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation

9-11

02 (b)Combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation. 12-13

03PLC based temperature sensing using RTD

13-14

04PLC based thermal ON/OFF control 15-16

05PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read /command transfer operation. 17-19

06Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA

20-21

07Alarm annunciation using SCADA.

22-23

08Reporting and Trending in SCADA system 24-25

Experiment no (1.A)Title: Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.Aim: To study interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.Equipments used: - Sr. No.Software UsedHardware Used

1.RS-Linx-

2.RS- Logix Emulator

Theory:Introduction to plc:Definition of PLC: PLC is a microprocessor based digital controller which performs and controls many functions of many types and level of complexity.Advantages of PLC:-1) Lower cost: It performs more functions in less expensive packages.2) Flexibility: In the past each electronically controlled power machine is required to control each device. Now it is possible to control many devices by one PLC.3) Speed of operation: Relay takes more time to operation. Speed of PLC is very fast i.e scan time is very less.4) Implementing changes and corrections: In PLC based system, program can be changed easily within less time.

Disadvantages of PLC:-1)Environmental conditions:Due to high temperature of environment at operating station damages PLC.2)Every technician or labour must know the PLC operation.Machine control components and their symbols in ladder diagram:1) Switches: There are two fundamental uses for switches. First , switches are used for operator input to send instructions to the control circuit. Second, switches may be installed on the moving parts of machine to provide automatic to the control system.2) Push button: The most common switch is push button. It is widely used in automotive and electronic equipment applications. There are two types of push buttons-the momentary and maintained. The momentary push button is activated when the button is pressed and deactivated when the button is released. The deactivation is done using an internal spring. The maintained push button switch activates when pressed, but remains activated when it is released. To deactivate it, it must be pressed second time. For this reason, this type of switch is sometimes called a push-switch. The on /off switches on desktop computers and laboratory oscilloscopes are maintained push buttons. Contacts of switches can be of two types. these are normally open (N/O) and normally closed(N/C).Whenever a switch is in its deactivated stage N/O contacts will be opened and N/C contacts closed. There are no materials or electrical connection will be different for different pairs.3) Selector switches: It is also known as rotary switch. An automobile ignition switch and oscilloscopes vertical gain and horizontal time based switches are examples of this switch. the top contacts are closed when the switch selector is turned to the left position, open switch selector is selected and turned to the right. the bottom set of contacts works exactly opposite. There are no electrical contacts between top and bottom. In most cases we label selector positions as a same one on the panel.4) Limit Switches: Normally these switches are not operator accessible. They are activated by moving parts on the machine. They are usually mechanical switches but can also be light activated or magnetically operated (such as magnetic by stores and home security system that sense windows have been opened).5) Indicator Lamps: All the control panels include lamps. They tell the operator when power is applied to the machine and indicate the present operating status of the machine. The light bulbs used in indicators are generally white; they are usually colored with lenses. the colors are usually red, green etc, but the other colors are also available. Red lamps are reserved for safety critical indicators. Green usually indicates safe conditions and red usually indicate dangerous conditions. The other colors indicate information not critical to the safe operation of the machine. In this case we usually flash the lamp continuously on and off

PROCEDURE:1. Start RS linx software.2. Select communication.3. In that, select configure driver.4. If there is any driver in running stage, stop and delete that driver. Further as we are not interfacing plc with software, select driver as SLC 500 (DH-485) emulator driver.5. Select add new.6. Then one window occur asking name of driver. It is by default EMU500-1 select ok.7. Now one window asking station number select 00.8. Select ok and close.9. Minimize RS-linx Software window.10. Now start RS Logix micro English software.11. Select New file.12. Select processer type as Micrologix 1100 series B.13. Also select driver as EMU500-1.14. Then select OK. Then window with rungs will appear.15. Now construct the ladder dia. As shown in fig.16. Then down load and save constructed program.17. Select run to run the program.18. Check output according to requirement.

Ladder diagram:

Conclusion:

Experiment no.(1B)Title: Performed delayed operation of lamp by using push buttonsAim: To perform delayed operation of lamp by using push button.Equipments used: - Sr. No.Software UsedHardware Used

1.RS-Linx-


Theory: There are mainly three types of timers used in PLC Programming as Follows: 1] ON Delay Timer 2] OFF Delay Timer 3] Retentive Timer 1] On delay timer - It is used to program a time delay before instruction becomes true. ON Delay Timer is used when an action is to begin a specified time after input becomes true , for example certain stages in manufacturing processes is expected to begin 30 sec after input is received from limit switch, here 30 sec is nothing but the present value of ON Delay Timer. 2] Off delay timer It is used to program a time to begin after the input goes false for example external cooling fan or a motor which has to run all the time and it is expected to turn off the fan or motor after 5 min when input is sensed by them. The 5 min is nothing but OFF Delay Time.

3] Retentive timer It is used to reset accumulated value through power loss, process change state or in rung from true to false. For example RTO is used to true running time or motor for maintenance. The time is used to track accumulated value time the motor has run. For example motor need maintenance 8 hrs (28800 sec).each time the motor is turn off, the timer needs to remember motors total elapse time, next time when the motor is turn on the timer will increase accumulated running time where it left off .when the total accumulated running time has being reached, maintenance reminder time will be off, same procedure repeats.RESET instruction is used to preset accumulated value of a timer. It is used only in retentive timer and not in ON or OFF delay timer.

But we have two timers in Allen Bradley PLC.1. TON=On delay timer 2. TOFF=Off delay timer

We have address rang for timer as T4:0.T4:255Timer Element Atimer instruction is one element .A timer element is made up of three 16-bit word Word zero contains three status bit, EN, TT and DN. Word one for preset value. Word two for accumulated value.

TON Timer

Table of status bit for TON timerIN(Input)EN(Enable bit)TT(timer timing bit)DN(Done bit)Status

1110Start

0000Stop

1110Restart

1101Complete

Table of status bits for TOFF timerIN(Input)EN(Enable bit)TT(timer timing bit)DN(Done bit)Status

1101Stop

0011Start

1101Stop

0011Restart

0000Complete

Procedure :-Procedure is as same as Experiment no 1(a)Ladder diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment no.2 (A)

Title: Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation Aim: To study multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation.PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/PTheory: Push button: The most common switch is push button. It is widely used in automotive and electronic equipment applications. There are two types of push buttons-the momentary and maintained. The momentary push button is activated when the button is pressed and deactivated when the button is released. The deactivation is done using an internal spring. The maintained push button switch activates when pressed, but remains activated when it is released. To deactivate it, it must be pressed second time. For this reason, this type of switch is sometimes called a push-switch. The on /off switches on desktop computers and laboratory oscilloscopes are maintained push buttons. Contacts of switches can be of two types. these are normally open (N/O) and normally closed(N/C).Whenever a switch is in its deactivated stage N/O contacts will be opened and N/C contacts closed. There are no materials or electrical connection will be different for different pairs.


Conclusion:

Experiment no.2 (B)Title :- Combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.Aim: To study combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.Equipments used: - Sr. No.Software UsedHardware Used

1.RS-Linx-


Theory :-PLC Counter There is two types of counter 1. Up Counter2. Down Counter1.Up CounterUse the count-up instruction if you want a counter to increment one decimal value each time it register a rung transition from false to true.


`Experiment No:-3

Title: - PLC based temperature sensing using RTDAim: - To study PLC based temperature sensing using RTDPLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/PTheory/Explanation:-When the auto button (I: 0.0/6) i.e. (B3:0/6) is selected and set point is given from screen which is stored in N7:5 temp. Sensed by RTD is given to I/P and it is stored in N7:1. Here we compare both the set point value and RTD value. When RTD value is greater than set point heater (O: 0.0/7) is automatically become OFF and if the temperature goes low heating automatically starts.When manual button (I: 0.0/7) i.e. (B3:0/6) is selected there is no need to set point value and heater will turn ON and OFF with the help of manual button only.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment No:-4

Title: - PLC based thermal ON/OFF control Aim: - To study PLC based thermal ON/OFF control PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/PTheory/Explanation:-In this experiment I/P value (O:0./0.5) i.e. (B3:10/5) is ON when the temperature Is less than or equal to 25 and the level is less than or equal to 10 at that time O/P value (O:0/0.6) i.e. (B3:10/6) is OFF.If level goes high that is greater than or equal to 75 but the temperature is less than output value is ON but I/P value is still ON it will become OFF when temperature become greater than or equal to 50.SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment No:-5

Title: - PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read /command transfer operation. Aim: - To study PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read /command transfer operation. PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/P v) SCADA software:-visualization (Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-When the button for the input (I:0.0/4) is pressed status of that corresponding I/P will change to green colour and command for the same i.e. (I:0.0/4) ON is also visible.If it is OFF status of that corresponding I/P will change to red colour and commend for the same (I:0.0/4) OFF is also visible. SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment No:-6

Title: - Parameter reading of PLC in SCADAAim: - To study Parameter reading of PLC in SCADAPLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/P v) SCADA software:-visualization (Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-In this screen here we are able to read the parameter of PLC i.e. the value of the analog input (I:1.0) and (I:1.1). These analog input are scaled and the scaled values are stored in (N7:0) and (N7:1) which indicates the value of TT 101 and LT 101.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment No:-7

Title: - Alarm annunciation using SCADA.Aim: - To study Alarm annunciation using SCADA.PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/P v) SCADA software:-visualization (Tm-600)

Theory:-One of the most important implementation of SCADA is alarm. The alarm has just two digital status point with values alarm or normal. When the requirements of the alarm are met they are activated. For example and a light glows. The attention of the SCADA operation is drawn to the system which required to attention by the alarm. To alert the SCADA operators along with the managers the text messages and Email are sending along with the alarm activation.When some of the variables in power station or substation are out of limit, the operator gets corresponding alarm message. The operator receives alarm signal. By virtue of fast experience and human reasoning, the control room operator determined cause of trouble and takes appropriate follow-up action to ensure system security. The knowledge of single alarm by themselves is often insufficient, and the operators must be able to draw conclusions from knowing the status and the values of many other variables. In the case of breaker status values, the operator are provided with one-line display diagrams have graphic indications of breakers, bus bar, switches, transformers etc. further, the breaker positions are shown so that a quick accurate assessment of a switching action can be obtained by looking at the display.To sound an alarm or to close the trip circuit of circuit-breaker so as to disconnect a component during an abnormal condition in the component, which include over-load, under-voltage, temperature rise, unbalanced load, reserve power, under-frequency, short circuits etc. Following table shown alarm indication in monitoring power system. Monitored QualityAlarm indication and sounding

Voltages of busesBus KV Above/Below limit

Load flow through linesMW,MVA,MVAR Above/Below limit

System frequency Above/Below target limit

LoadMW,MVAR Above limit

Load shedding equipmentLoad/shed/load restore/Islanding

Generator unitMW,MVAR,KV above limit

Generator statusON/OFF line

Network transformerTemperature Above/Below limit

Tele-communication channel to RTUNormal/failure

Circuit- breaker statusOpen/Close

Protection relay communication channelNormal/failure

Circuit- breaker (SF-6)Normal/Low pressure

Explanation:-When water level goes low or high or temperature goes low or high the alarm will be generated and the hooter i.e. (O: 0/11) should turn ON the alarm will be acknowledge with the button Ack Alarm (B3:6/0)SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

Experiment No:-8

Title: - Reporting and Trending in SCADA systemAim: - To study Reporting and Trending in SCADA systemPLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( ) 2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P ii) Analog Channel O/P iii) Digital Channel I/P iv) Digital Channel O/P v) SCADA software:-visualization (Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-Trend display is the distributed control system equivalent of chart records. They are a profile of a process variable showing changes that have been takes place over a period of time. The trend display information is valuable to the operator to observe the resent pattern of operating history. It is valuable to the operator after an upset has occurred, allowing him to determine which several inter-related variable was the 1st to be affected by the changing conditions treads over larger periods (over a week or more) can be saved on floppy disk, storage & displayed when required. The fig. show trend for the temperature and level. When we touch on any of the temperature indicator block then this trends window will pop up. In some displays, several trend graphs can be displayed at once allowing comprising of the history of several variables.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-

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PLC Lab manual