PLATE TECTONICS

TSUNAMI

CONVERGENT PLATE

BOUNDARIES

DIVERGENT PLATE

BOUNDARIES

RIDGE

RIFT

the theory that explains continental drift

underwater earthquakes cause

these

where plates move together

where plates move apart

created when magma escapes from between two oceanic plates and cools,

creating a mountain range

created when pieces of crust break off at a divergent

plate boundary (with two continental plates)

TRANSFORM PLATE

BOUNDARIES

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

GEOLOGIC TIME

EROSION

CLIMATE

WEATHER

plates slide past one another

theory proposed by Alfred Wegener that said all the

continents were once together (called Pangaea)

the history of the earth

breaks down landforms by wind,

rain

precipitation and temperature averaged

over long periods of time

the day to day changes in precipitation, temp. etc.

AIR MASS

MARITIME CLIMATE

CONTINENTAL CLIMATE

PREVAILING WINDS

NIGHTTIME SEA BREEZES

DAYTIME SEA BREZES

large pocket of air that takes on the climatic

conditions of the place over which it formed

>1000mm of precipitation and <25oC

temp. range

<1000mm of precipitation and >25oC temp. range

winds that blow in the same direction the majority of the time; Polar Easterlies are an

example

winds blow from the beach to the ocean,

a.k.a. offshore breezes

winds blow from the ocean onto the beach, a.k.a. onshore breezes

CHINOOK

JET STREAM

RELIEF RAINFALL

CONDENSATION

DEW POINT

WINDWARD SLOPE

extremely dry wind that blows from the Rockies to the Prairies in February

large fast-moving current of air, 10 km above the Earth’s

surface

occurs where mountains are close to large bodies of

water

when water vapour turns into a liquid

the temperature at which air cannot hold

anymore water

side of a mountain that faces the wind and

receives the rainfall

LEEWARD SLOPE

RAIN SHADOW

MODERATING EFFECT

SOIL PROFILE

LEACHING

CALCIFICATION

the side of the mountain opposite the wind, does not

receive much rain

on the leeward side of the mountain; dry conditions

places close to water have a small annual temp. range

because water takes longer to warm up and cool down than air

shows the thickness of layers of soil

all nutrients in the soil are carried downwards

by water

in dry conditions, water moves upwards

ECOZONES

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE

UNIFORMITARI-ANISM

WIND

3-CELL CIRCULATION

MODEL

TRENCH

regions determined by human and physical

characteristics and their interactions

region of lots of tectonic activity (earthquakes, tsunamis,

volcanoes); outlines the boundary around the Pacific plate

the idea that all the processes we observe today have always

happened at the same rate

formed when air moves from high to

low pressure

shows the movement of air near the Earth’s

surface

occurs at convergent plate boundary (specifically, when a continental plate meets an

oceanic plate)

TOPSOIL

SUBSOIL

PARENT MATERIAL

OCEANIC PLATE

CONTINENTAL PLATE

CONVECTION CURRENTS

made of lots of humus and decaying organic

material

the middle layer in a soil profile; organic and

mineral rich

the bedrock: material from which the soil is made

the denser, thinner type of plate

the lighter, thicker type of plate

the circular movement of mama: caused the heating at

the core and cooling at the Earth’s surface

SUBDUCTIONwhen an oceanic plate goes underneath a continental

(at a convergent plate boundary)