PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS and RELATED ANALYTICAL PROPOSALS …lsc2017.nutech.dtu.dk/...Invited-Garcia-Plastic_Scintillators_LSC2017.pdf · PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS . and . RELATED ANALYTICAL

PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS and

RELATED ANALYTICAL PROPOSALS for

RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSIS

José F. García, Alex Tarancón, Héctor Bagán.

Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica

LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague

Begining of Plastic Scintillators

The Theory and Practice of Scintillation CountingJ.B. BirksPergamon Press 1964

Liquid Scintillation and Plastic Scintillation starts 70’sLiquid ScintillationFocus: radionuclide analysisLS Counter – LS SpectrometersScintillation Cocktails LSC success: . Sample preparation for measurements (easy and homogeneous)

. Many applications

Plastic ScintillationFocus: large area detectors, dosimetryRadionuclide analysis

2Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague

Plastic Scintillators and related analytical proposals

- Plastic Scintillators composition and sample preparation

- Scintillation mechanism

- Direct radionuclide determinations

- Selective radionuclide determinations

- Future challenges

Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 3

Plastic Scintillators: composition and sample preparation

Composition. Solvent: . Polystyrene, Polyvinyiltoluene linear (water insoluble)

. Divinylbenzene crosslinked (aggressive and organic insoluble). Secondary solvent: Naphtalene, Disopropilnaphtalene. Scintillators: PPO, POPOP, p-T, bis-MSB ....

Format. Plastic scintillator microspheres (PSm) (10 – 300 µm). Plastic scintillator foils (PSf) (50 – 100 µm). Plastic scintillator pellets (3 mm)


Plastic Scintillators: composition and sample preparation

Sample preparation for measurement.

Steps: . Plastic scintillator. Sample solution. Homogenization

LS vs PS: . PS time . PS difficulty to homogenize. PS expensive than LS cocktails. PS sample solution and PSm can be segregated (no mixed waste). PS sample stability (no phase separation)


Scintillation mechanism



e-distance(μm)

Radionuclide Solvent

N

O

Scintillator Photomultiplier tube.

hνPMT

ChemicalQuenching

ColourQuenching

IonizationQuenching

Quenching

LS




e-distance(μm)


N

O


hνPMT

ChemicalQuenching

ColourQuenching

IonizationQuenching

Quenching

LS

PS




e-distance(μm)


N

O


hνPMT

ChemicalQuenching

ColourQuenching

IonizationQuenching

Quenching

LS

PS

PS Particle Quenching ø EFF Optical Quenching ø EFF

ParticleQuenching

OpticalQuenching

PSm ø 10 – 300 µm

Direct radionuclide determinations - PSm

Alpha emitter radionuclides.


EFFPSm 241Am (%)

(5552 keV)236U (%)

(4573 keV)

D (70 µm) 96 75D300 (300 µm) 45 29

EFFPSf 241Am (%)

D (65 µm) 80

High EFF alpha emitters ø 50 - 100 µm


Alpha emitter radionuclides.


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Energy (in channels)

Net c

ount

rate

(in

cpm

)

PSm7-p (22 micrometers)PSm6-p (40 micrometers)PSm5-p (51 micrometers)PSm4-p (71 micrometers)PSm2-p (85 micrometers)PSm10- p (145 micrometers)PSm11-p (about 1 mm)

241Am


Beta emitter radionuclides.


High EFF beta emitters ø 50- 100 µmLow EFF low beta emitters 3H

Particle size (µm)

3H (%)

14C (%)

90Sr/90Y (%)

17 4,51 74,3 192,932 2,69 68,7 189,857 1,73 62,7 190,379 1,16 54,5 186,7

145 0,81 45,1 184,8

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


NE

T C

OU

NT

RA

TE (i

n cp

m)

H-3

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


NE

T C

OU

NT

RA

TE (i

n cp

m)

C-14

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2


NE

T C

OU

NT

RA

TE (i

n cp

m)

Sr-90/Y-90

Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration

Chemical Quenching.Nitromethane : 0 - 7.57 μl/mL


Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.30

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740

SQP

Effic

ienc

y %

36Cl PSm 120 – 180 µm

EFF Quenching parameter (SQP)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5x 10-3

Channels

Effi

cien

cy %

Normalized detection efficiency spectra of Cl-36 in PS1 with and without quenching agent.

0 ul Nitromethane1.52 ul/ml sol.3.03 ul/ml sol.4.55 ul/ml sol.6.06 ul/ml sol.7.58 ul/ml sol.

3H PSm 400 – 500 µm

Gráfico2

738.667007007000.00755883330.0075588333

731.857407407400.00697935790.0069793579

723.820.00698921130.0069892113

706.710.00647155030.0064715503

701.130.00641270460.0064127046

702.240.00619222540.0061922254

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %


0.3561621691

0.2942603615

0.332268962

0.2562517611

0.3094

0.2942603615

0.332268962

0.2562517611

0.3078

0.2745

0.2652

0.2525

Efic % Vópt Nitr

Ventana Óptima:

H-3Promedio de los blancos:

SistemaMax.InicioFinInterferenteCP1CP2CL

Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

CP1/H-30.55583176NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601

Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715

CP2/H-30.332346205Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739

BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523

CL/H-31429.11175Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716

Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659

CP1/Cl-3615977428615

Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:

CP2/Cl-3613510417647InterferenteCP1CP2CL

Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

CL/Cl-3613194502660NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345

Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255

Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512

BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292

Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Naranja de metilo57.32841.187966.25431.308362.65001.2607

Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602

Sistema

CP1/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %

00.46410.0090677.020.464062919900.35620.0076738.660.3562022.32790.2659740.5322.3279

50.44200.0088666.910.44250.30940.0070731.850.3094519.12920.2282714.3119.1292

100.40920.0084660.770.4092100.30780.0070723.820.30781018.11060.2164709.8118.1106

150.41070.0084655.020.4107150.27450.0065706.710.27451516.87680.2020698.5116.8768

200.36490.0078643.390.3649200.26520.0064701.130.26522014.36770.1727681.2914.3677

250.33510.0074627.680.3351250.25250.0062702.240.25252513.10190.1579666.2913.1019

Promedio (X)0.4043655.1317Promedio (X)0.2943717.40170.2943Promedio (X)17.3190701.790017.3190

S(X)0.047717.5562S(X)0.038016.19150.0380S(X)3.337126.12713.3371

+S0.4521672.6878+S0.3323733.59320.3323+S20.6562727.917120.6562

-S0.3566637.5755-S0.2563701.21020.2563-S13.9819675.662913.9819

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

00.40430.45210.356600.29430.33230.2563017.319020.656213.9819

250.40430.45210.3566250.29430.33230.25632517.319020.656213.9819

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

6200.40430.45210.35667000.29430.33230.256366017.319020.656213.9819

6800.40430.45210.35667400.29430.33230.256375017.319020.656213.9819

CP1/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP

057.03831.1928679.857.0383064.75891.3047741.8164.7589061.58541.2602743.4861.5854

557.77901.2412669.8457.7790563.08061.3103729.4163.0806560.55201.2817722.360.5520

1053.67921.1778659.6253.67921061.91471.2922718.4261.91471051.62401.1539706.3751.6240

1552.88181.1713655.1352.88181559.63851.2632703.2759.63851552.19631.1619696.6252.1963

2048.28621.1055642.9548.28622057.62431.2366699.7157.62432044.68831.0554682.7244.6883

2545.18491.0629632.4645.18492557.46311.2340695.6757.46312538.15970.9568674.0138.1597

Promedio (X)52.4749656.6333Promedio (X)60.7467714.7150Promedio (X)51.4676704.2500

S(X)4.924717.2851S(X)2.988918.3448S(X)9.038925.7119

+S57.3996673.9184+S63.7356733.0598+S60.5065729.9619

-S47.5502639.3482-S57.7578696.3702-S42.4287678.5381

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

052.474957.399647.5502060.746763.735657.7578051.467660.506542.4287

2552.474957.399647.55022560.746763.735657.75782551.467660.506542.4287

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

63052.474957.399647.550269060.746763.735657.757867051.467660.506542.4287

68052.474957.399647.550274260.746763.735657.757874551.467660.506542.4287

Efic % Vópt Nitr

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00879830280.0087983028

0.00836322230.0083632223

0.0084249130.008424913

0.00778300010.0077830001

0.00735878440.0073587844

x

+s

-s

[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.) Chemical quenching. PS1/H-3.

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00879830280.0087983028

0.00836322230.0083632223

0.0084249130.008424913

0.00778300010.0077830001

0.00735878440.0073587844

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %


0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00697935790.0069793579

0.00698921130.0069892113

0.00647155030.0064715503

0.00641270460.0064127046

0.00619222540.0061922254

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.) Chemical quenching. PS2/H-3.

0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00697935790.0069793579

0.00698921130.0069892113

0.00647155030.0064715503

0.00641270460.0064127046

0.00619222540.0061922254

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %


0.26586757360.2658675736

0.22824311870.2282431187

0.21636645890.2163664589

0.20195965530.2019596553

0.17265275460.1726527546

0.15787641530.1578764153

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. LS/H-3.

0.26586757360.2658675736

0.22824311870.2282431187

0.21636645890.2163664589

0.20195965530.2019596553

0.17265275460.1726527546

0.15787641530.1578764153

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. LS/H-3 using Nitromethane.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.24118805081.2411880508

1.17784262261.1778426226

1.17133560661.1713356066

1.10553443821.1055344382

1.06291417521.0629141752

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. PS1/Cl-36.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.24118805081.2411880508

1.17784262261.1778426226

1.17133560661.1713356066

1.10553443821.1055344382

1.06291417521.0629141752

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.PS1/Cl-36 using nitromethane.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31026060241.3102606024

1.29216128721.2921612872

1.26318357031.2631835703

1.23658516141.2365851614

1.23398835631.2339883563

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. PS/Cl-36.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31026060241.3102606024

1.29216128721.2921612872

1.26318357031.2631835703

1.23658516141.2365851614

1.23398835631.2339883563

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. PS2/Cl-36 using nitromethane.

1.26019799051.2601979905

1.28168085691.2816808569

1.15388428181.1538842818

1.16193425671.1619342567

1.05544814571.0554481457

0.95677482780.9567748278

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency %. vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. LS/Cl-36.

1.26019799051.2601979905

1.28168085691.2816808569

1.15388428181.1538842818

1.16193425671.1619342567

1.05544814571.0554481457

0.95677482780.9567748278

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. LS/Cl-36 using nitromethane.

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.

141924293439444954

590 610 630 650 670SQP

Effi

cien

cy %

Colour Quenching.Methyl Orange : 0 – 0.014 g/L


36Cl PSm 120 – 180 µm

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

x 10-3

Channels

Effi

cien

cy %

Normalized detection efficiency spectra of Cl-36 in PS1 with and without quenching agent.

0 g/l Methyl orange0.0023 g/l0.0046 g/l0.0092 g/l0.0115 g/l0.0138 g/l



Gráfico2

678.785805805801.1928343521.192834352

644.036806806801.02876235461.0287623546

623.180.87884920670.8788492067

612.090.76504942960.7650494296

598.570.64399844090.6439984409

593.470.56593489230.5659348923

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %


57.0383208234

34.143234521

49.4666933106

18.8197757313

46.0379844796

34.143234521

49.4666933106

18.8197757313

35.625592822

28.2848614118

21.0989268223

16.7737207668

Efic % Vópt NarM

Ventana Óptima:

SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoH-3Promedio de los blancos:

InterferenteCP1CP2CL

CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601

CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715

Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739

CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523

Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716

CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659

CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:


CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345

Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255

Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512

Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292


SistemaPromedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602

CP1/H-3[NarM] x10-3 (g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[NarM] x10-3 (g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %

00.46410.0090672.67000.464062919900.35620.0076740.320.3562022.54600.2681742.2222.5460

2.300.36450.0076650.69000.36452735762.300.30230.0067699.790.30232.3018.24680.2176711.0318.2468

4.600.27440.0063627.86000.27442342384.600.25490.0060678.120.25494.6014.49910.1739682.7014.4991

9.200.19430.0051603.80000.19434550469.200.16250.0046645.980.16259.2010.34700.1254655.9410.3470

11.500.15480.0045594.78000.154832978811.500.13150.0041650.840.131511.507.67890.0942617.317.6789

13.800.15590.0045591.42000.155918419513.800.13470.0041644.480.134713.807.31680.0899609.947.3168

Promedio (X)0.2680623.5367Promedio (X)0.2237676.58830.2237Promedio (X)13.4391669.856713.4391

S(X)0.125432.9182S(X)0.094738.03470.0947S(X)6.122152.23316.1221

+S0.3934656.4549+S0.3184714.62300.3184+S19.5611722.089819.5611

-S0.1426590.6185-S0.1289638.55370.1289-S7.3170617.62367.3170

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

00.26800.39340.142600.22370.31840.1289013.439119.56117.3170

140.26800.39340.1426140.22370.31840.12891413.439119.56117.3170

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

5850.26800.39340.14266400.22370.31840.128960513.439119.56117.3170

6950.26800.39340.14267450.22370.31840.128974513.439119.56117.3170

CP1/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP

057.03831.1928678.7857.0383064.75891.3047732.3864.7589061.53191.2581741.4961.5319

2.3046.03801.0288644.0346.03802.3056.65951.1791703.2656.65952.3056.66041.1781708.7956.6604

4.6035.62560.8788623.1835.62564.6051.60031.1093683.3751.60034.6048.15291.0604687.9748.1529

9.2028.28490.7650612.0928.28499.2037.62500.9095653.0137.62509.2024.38280.7008637.4924.3828

11.5021.09890.6440598.5721.098911.5028.13460.7634657.9328.134611.5019.35400.6134625.7819.3540

13.8016.77370.5659593.4716.773713.8022.83890.6769662.5422.838913.8013.01230.4923616.1913.0123


S(X)15.323531.9909S(X)16.662330.9530S(X)20.777550.6860

+S49.4667657.0109+S60.2652713.0347+S57.9599720.3043

-S18.8198593.0291-S26.9406651.1287-S16.4049618.9323

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

034.143249.466718.8198043.602960.265226.9406037.182457.959916.4049

1434.143249.466718.81981443.602960.265226.94061437.182457.959916.4049

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

58034.143249.466718.819865043.602960.265226.940661037.182457.959916.4049

68034.143249.466718.819874043.602960.265226.940674537.182457.959916.4049

Efic % Vópt NarM

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00756063260.0075606326

0.00631745260.0063174526

0.00511848780.0051184878

0.00447500440.0044750044

0.00447118520.0044711852

x

+s

-s

[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS1/H-3.

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00756063260.0075606326

0.00631745260.0063174526

0.00511848780.0051184878

0.00447500440.0044750044

0.00447118520.0044711852

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP.Color quenching.

0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00670726070.0067072607

0.00603154970.0060315497

0.00460770730.0046077073

0.00408972270.0040897227

0.004140890.00414089

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS2/H-3.

0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00670726070.0067072607

0.00603154970.0060315497

0.00460770730.0046077073

0.00408972270.0040897227

0.004140890.00414089

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. PS2/H-3 using methyl orange.

0.26814032760.2681403276

0.21763577910.2176357791

0.17387434490.1738743449

0.12535551360.1253555136

0.09415053920.0941505392

0.08991520240.0899152024

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. LS/H-3.

0.26814032760.2681403276

0.21763577910.2176357791

0.17387434490.1738743449

0.12535551360.1253555136

0.09415053920.0941505392

0.08991520240.0899152024

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.LS/H-3 using methyl orange.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.02876235461.0287623546

0.87884920670.8788492067

0.76504942960.7650494296

0.64399844090.6439984409

0.56593489230.5659348923

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [Methyl Orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS1/Cl-36.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.02876235461.0287623546

0.87884920670.8788492067

0.76504942960.7650494296

0.64399844090.6439984409

0.56593489230.5659348923

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %


1.30472138671.3047213867

1.17911609641.1791160964

1.10932435741.1093243574

0.90951734410.9095173441

0.76343968410.7634396841

0.67687041260.6768704126

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency %vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS2/Cl-36.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.17911609641.1791160964

1.10932435741.1093243574

0.90951734410.9095173441

0.76343968410.7634396841

0.67687041260.6768704126

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. PS2/Cl-36 using methyl orange.

1.25811421411.2581142141

1.17805989661.1780598966

1.06043597081.0604359708

0.70079720820.7007972082

0.61337826880.6133782688

0.49233229290.4923322929

x

+s

-s


Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. LS/Cl-36.

1.25811421411.2581142141

1.17805989661.1780598966

1.06043597081.0604359708

0.70079720820.7007972082

0.61337826880.6133782688

0.49233229290.4923322929

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. LS/Cl-36 using methyl orange.

Particle Quenching.


Particle Quenching EFFSpectra position ~ slightly changeEFF Quenching Parameter (density)

0,330,350,370,390,410,430,450,470,49

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

Effic

ienc

y %

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle quenching.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.01

ChannelsE

ffici

ency

%

Espectros normalizados activos de H-3 en el CP1 con y sin interferente.

0 M BaCl20.3 M0.7 M1.4 M

BaCl2 : 0 – 1.4 M

SQP 671 ± 3

3H PSm 120 – 180 µm


Gráfico4

00000.00896300260.0089630026

0.31.41.41.40.00861898320.0086189832

0.70.00843144340.0084314434

1.40.00733346010.0073334601

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle quenching.

0.4640629199

0.4213469845

0.4706692354

0.3720247336

0.4427074151

0.4213469845

0.4706692354

0.3720247336

0.4278071378

0.3508104651

Efic % Vópt BaCl2

Ventana Óptima:H-3Promedio de los blancos:


SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601

CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715

Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739

CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523


CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659

CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:


CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345

CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255

Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512

BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292


Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602

Sistema

Repetir experimentoRepetir experimento con nuevas concentraciones

CP1/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %

00.46410.0090669.330.464062919900.35500.0075734.130.3550022.54600.2681743.2322.5460

0.30.44270.0086674.60.44270741510.30.37470.0077732.850.37470.35.13240.0650798.725.1324

0.70.42780.0084671.890.42780713780.70.26930.0062729.890.26930.74.80160.0611807.554.8016

1.40.35080.0073668.150.35081046511.40.3170.0069739.160.31701.45.66490.0713803.295.6649

Promedio (X)0.4213Promedio (X)0.3290734.00750.3290Promedio (X)9.5362788.19759.5362

S(X)0.0493S(X)0.04643.86680.0464S(X)8.680530.19448.6805

+S0.4707+S0.3754737.87430.3754+S18.2167818.391918.2167

-S0.3720-S0.2825730.14070.2825-S0.8558758.00310.8558

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

00.42130.47070.372000.32900.37540.282509.536218.21670.8558

1.40.42130.47070.372058.95641.20781.40.32900.37540.28251.49.536218.21670.8558

57.04231.1831

x+s-s59.74591.2242x+s-sx+s-s

6670.42130.47070.372054.90511.16287280.32900.37540.28257409.536218.21670.8558

6750.42130.47070.37207410.32900.37540.28258109.536218.21670.8558

CP1/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP59.93531.2188

057.03831.1928679.2557.0383064.75891.3047737.6164.7589061.53191.2581753.4461.531913.23620.4953

0.357.04231.1831671.9757.04230.366.99931.3169729.3866.99930.313.23620.4953790.1113.236227.99580.7625

0.759.74591.2242678.4559.74590.765.68851.3062736.4265.68850.727.99580.7625767.5727.995821.92470.6722

1.454.90511.1628660.3654.90511.465.59771.3036724.8865.59771.421.92470.6722775.1221.9247


S(X)1.98318.7297S(X)0.92556.0152S(X)21.126715.2865

+S59.1660681.2372+S66.6866738.0877+S52.2988786.8465

-S55.1998663.7778-S64.8357726.0573-S10.0454756.2735

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

057.182959.166055.1998065.761166.686664.8357031.172152.298810.0454

2557.182959.166055.19982565.761166.686664.83572531.172152.298810.0454

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

66057.182959.166055.199872265.761166.686664.835775031.172152.298810.0454

68057.182959.166055.199874065.761166.686664.835779531.172152.298810.0454

Efic % Vópt BaCl2

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00861898320.0086189832

0.00843144340.0084314434

0.00733346010.0073334601

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP1/H-3.

Efic % Vópt BaCl2 corr

0.00749908070.0074990807

0.00770873080.0077087308

0.00624407710.0062440771

0.00689997450.0068999745

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/H-3.

0.00749908070.0074990807

0.00770873080.0077087308

0.00624407710.0062440771

0.00689997450.0068999745

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/H-3.

0.26814032760.2681403276

0.06500974260.0650097426

0.06110213680.0611021368

0.07126486650.0712648665

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/H-3.

0.26814032760.2681403276

0.06500974260.0650097426

0.06110213680.0611021368

0.07126486650.0712648665

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/H-3.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.18307587661.1830758766

1.22418737481.2241873748

1.16276449951.1627644995

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión departículas. CP1/Cl-36.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.18307587661.1830758766

1.22418737481.2241873748

1.16276449951.1627644995

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP1/Cl-36.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31688365591.3168836559

1.30618182821.3061818282

1.30360214161.3036021416

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/Cl-36.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31688365591.3168836559

1.30618182821.3061818282

1.30360214161.3036021416

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/Cl-36.

1.25811421411.2581142141

0.49527352750.4952735275

0.76247810470.7624781047

0.67219023820.6721902382

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Eficiencia %

Eficiencia %. Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/Cl-36.

1.25811421411.2581142141

0.49527352750.4952735275

0.76247810470.7624781047

0.67219023820.6721902382

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/Cl-36.

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00861898320.0086189832

0.00843144340.0084314434

0.00733346010.0073334601

x

+s

-s

SQP

Eficiencia %

SQP vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas CP1/H-3.

Ventana Óptima:H-3Promedio de los blancos:


SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601

CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715

Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739

CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523


CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659

CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:


CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)

NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345

CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255

Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512

BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292


Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602

Sistema

CP1/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %

00.46410.0090669.330.464062919900.35620.0076740.970.3562022.32790.2659739.6922.3279022.32790.2659739.6922.3279

0.30.44270.0086674.60.44270741510.30.39510.0082739.990.39510.0520.91130.2586753.0420.91130.0520.91130.2586753.0420.9113

0.70.42780.0084671.890.42780713780.70.32870.0073736.020.32870.118.22960.2260764.9218.22960.118.22960.2260764.9218.2296

1.40.35080.0073668.150.35081046511.40.32440.0074738.750.32440.1516.34240.2031774.8616.34240.1516.34240.2031774.8616.3424

0.213.23130.165277713.23130.213.23130.165277713.2313

0.2514.14290.1763771.8514.1429

Promedio (X)0.4213Promedio (X)0.3511738.93250.3511Promedio (X)17.5309763.5600Promedio (X)18.2085761.9020

S(X)0.0493S(X)0.03250.0325S(X)3.641614.55572.6811S(X)3.623915.62752.6811

+S0.4707+S0.38360.3836+S21.1725778.11572.6811+S21.8324777.52952.6811

-S0.3720-S0.31860.3186-S13.8893749.0043-2.6811-S14.5846746.2745-2.6811

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

00.42130.47070.372000.35110.38360.3186017.530921.172513.8893

1.40.42130.47070.372058.95641.20781.40.35110.38360.31860.2517.530921.172513.8893

57.04231.1831

x+s-s59.74591.2242x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

6670.42130.47070.372054.90511.16287280.35110.38360.318673517.530921.172513.889373518.208521.832414.5846

6750.42130.47070.37207410.35110.38360.318678017.530921.172513.889378018.208521.832414.5846

CP1/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP

057.03831.1928679.2557.0383064.75891.3047737.6164.7589061.58541.2602755.0261.5854061.58541.2602755.0261.5854

0.357.04231.1831671.9757.04230.366.99931.3169729.3866.99930.0547.26071.0540753.5747.26070.0547.26071.0540753.5747.2607

0.759.74591.2242678.4559.74590.765.68851.3062736.4265.68850.138.22710.9226767.9338.22710.138.22710.9226767.9338.2271

1.454.90511.1628660.3654.90511.465.59771.3036724.8865.59770.1515.96060.5548794.6515.96060.1515.96060.5548794.6515.9606

0.212.99700.4952792.3412.99700.212.99700.4952792.3412.9970

0.2516.29440.5618793.0416.2944

Promedio (X)57.1829672.5075Promedio (X)65.7611732.0725Promedio (X)32.0542776.0917Promedio (X)35.2062772.7020

S(X)1.98318.7297S(X)0.92556.0152S(X)20.059819.5628S(X)20.699919.8042

+S59.1660681.2372+S66.6866738.0877+S52.1141795.6545+S55.9061792.5062

-S55.1998663.7778-S64.8357726.0573-S11.9944756.5288-S14.5063752.8978

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

057.182959.166055.1998065.761166.686664.8357032.054252.114111.9944035.206255.906114.5063

2557.182959.166055.19982565.761166.686664.83570.2532.054252.114111.99440.2535.206255.906114.5063

x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s

66057.182959.166055.199872265.761166.686664.835775032.054252.114111.994475035.206255.906114.5063

68057.182959.166055.199874065.761166.686664.835779532.054252.114111.994479535.206255.906114.5063

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00861898320.0086189832

0.00843144340.0084314434

0.00733346010.0073334601

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching.

0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00820453430.0082045343

0.0072585470.007258547

0.00743442040.0074344204

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching PS2/H-3.

0.00755883330.0075588333

0.00820453430.0082045343

0.0072585470.007258547

0.00743442040.0074344204

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching.PS2/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.

0.26586757360.2658675736

0.2586481780.258648178

0.22604895560.2260489556

0.2030928730.203092873

0.16524421920.1652442192

0.17630364490.1763036449

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3.

0.26586757360.2658675736

0.2586481780.258648178

0.22604895560.2260489556

0.2030928730.203092873

0.16524421920.1652442192

0.17630364490.1763036449

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching.LS/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-0.25 M

1.1928343521.192834352

1.18307587661.1830758766

1.22418737481.2241873748

1.16276449951.1627644995

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. PS1/Cl-36.

1.1928343521.192834352

1.18307587661.1830758766

1.22418737481.2241873748

1.16276449951.1627644995

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS1/Cl-36. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31688365591.3168836559

1.30618182821.3061818282

1.30360214161.3036021416

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. PS2/Cl-36.

1.30472138671.3047213867

1.31688365591.3168836559

1.30618182821.3061818282

1.30360214161.3036021416

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS2/Cl-36. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.

0.00896300260.0089630026

0.00861898320.0086189832

0.00843144340.0084314434

0.00733346010.0073334601

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS1/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.

0.26586757360.2658675736

0.2586481780.258648178

0.22604895560.2260489556

0.2030928730.203092873

0.16524421920.1652442192

0.17630364490.1763036449

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] (M)

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3.

0.26586757360.2658675736

0.2586481780.258648178

0.22604895560.2260489556

0.2030928730.203092873

0.16524421920.1652442192

x

-s

+s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3. using BaCl2 0-0.20 M.

1.26019799051.2601979905

1.05395251421.0539525142

0.92260725510.9226072551

0.55482480650.5548248065

0.49521389850.4952138985

0.56181115150.5618111515

x

-s

+s

[BaCl2] M

Efficiency %

Efficiencia % vs. [BaCl2] M. Particle collision quenching. LS/Cl36.

1.26019799051.2601979905

1.05395251421.0539525142

0.92260725510.9226072551

0.55482480650.5548248065

0.49521389850.4952138985

0.56181115150.5618111515

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS-Cl36. Using BaCl2 0-25 M.

1.26019799051.2601979905

1.05395251421.0539525142

0.92260725510.9226072551

0.55482480650.5548248065

0.49521389850.4952138985

x

+s

-s

[BaCl2] M

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] M. Particle collision quenching. LS/Cl-36

x

+s

-s

SQP

Efficiency %

Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS-Cl36. Using BaCl2 0-0.20 M.

Optical Quenching.


1

0 200 400 600 800 10000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

x 10-3

PSm1-c

PSm2-c

Det

ectio

n ef

ficie

ncy

(%)

Energy (Channels)

100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm

Low particle quenching High particle quenching High optical quenching Low optical quenching

Diameter (µm) 36Cl(%) SQP(E)

120-180 88.2(10) 680(9)400-500 83.3(5) 737(4)



PS Quenching.

Chemical Quenching Quenching parameter (SQP)

Colour Quenching Quenching parameter (SQP)

Particle Quenching Quenching parameter (density)

Optical Quenching Constant for a defined measurement conditions



Ciemat- Nist procedure.

Energy distribution spectrum S(E`) that reach PSm: Simulation of particle Quenching by Montecarlo.



Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination

Pulse Shape distribution.

Time pulse shape distribution of alpha emitters is longer than beta emitters.LS alpha >> beta -- PS alpha > beta.

- Delay depends on 3T concentration.- PS energy spreads faster by polymeric chains.- Secondary solvent (Nafthalene, Disopropylnaphtalene) delays signal


Pulse Shape distribution.Quantulus detector


PLASTIC

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

0 50 100 150 200 250PSA

Erro

r (%

)

Sr-90/Y-90H-3Am-241

LIQUID

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150 200 250PSA

Erro

r (%

)

Sr-90/Y-90H-3Am-241

241Am: β-spectrum 241Am: α-spectrum

11

1Beta Classification LS = PSAlpha Classification PS LSAlpha misclassified even PSA=0 (fast)


Pulse Shape distribution.Quantulus detectorPSm: PPO+POPOP+ Naphtalene (120-150 µm)


11

Alpha Pulses delayedAlpha Classification PS improve

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250

Mis

clas

sific

atio

n%

PSA

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250M

iscl

assi

ficat

ion

%PSA

0 g

0.6 g

0.8 g

1.2 g

2.0 g

2.5 g

3.0 g

241Am90Sr/90Y


(A) (B)

g

Tim

e (ch

anne

ls)

Tim

e (ch

anne

ls)

Energy (channels) Energy (channels)

Pulse Shape distribution.Triathler detectorPSm(120-150 µm)

PPO+POPOP+ Naphtalene


1

Alpha / Beta discrimination

241Am90Sr/90Y


Pulse Shape distribution.Triathler detector

PSm(120-150 µm) PPO+POPOP+ 2g Naphtalene


1

Integrating areas: Beta emitter: misclassification < 2% - EFF 90%Alpha emitter: misclassification 1 % - EFF 25%

Tim

e (in

cha

nnel

s)


β area

Tim

e (in

cha

nnel

s)


α area

90Sr/90Y 241Am


Applications

-Limited use for routine radionuclide determinations.-Useful for specific determinations.


Direct Radionuclide determinations - Applications

Applications

High Salty matrices.LS – phase separation PS - stable Determination of Radiotracers in oil reservoirsInstitute for Energy Technology (Norway)Radiotracer: S14CN-

Matrix: NaClO4 conc.Calibration: colour and particle quenching



0 100 200 300 400 500 600-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

ChannelsE

ffici

ency

(%)

ABCD

y = -0,5429x2 + 0,9085x + 0,6187R2 = 0,9931

y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780

SQP(E)

Rel

ativ

e ef

ficie

ncy

0,971,021,071,121,171,22

density

AA (dpm/g) MA (dpm/g)LS – IFE 4.23 0.55PS - UB 4.32 ± .016 0.59 ± 0.04

1

Gráfico2

767.7061.1828666667

749.0681.1325777778

736.1461.0901333333

724.81.0372

711.0041.0001333333

7770.9823333333

SQP(E)

Relative efficiency

density

y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899

0.9528144718

0.9339114009

0.8786976427

0.9501121591

0.7496228568

0.9657193268

0.70581194

0.974760924

0.5878907531

0.9864064488

1.0137640855

0.9862359145

Hoja1

Hoja1

777.154772.0673333333780.03773.866740.848738.362

736.146771.742762.58762.036742.734717.672

711.004773.4813333333746.57735.172741.638727.446

767.706774.498736.334723.89742.858720.63

749.068775.484726.954717.282741.71732.344

724.8775.854723.384705.282751.174732.032

777

a)

A

B

C

D

E

F

SQP(E)

Efficiency (%)

35.7991617933

37.425501157

35.7382136518

30.7692352078

33.1194075002

36.4195717322

35.3739752121

32.7825431546

32.6710428446

29.6548574515

29.9798593987

37.2546292768

34.1456993579

32.573300205

32.6315832245

29.6506934533

37.4095212099

37.7532023354

31.5439466651

31.1777190505

33.3988879349

30.2818218655

35.9012896247

37.8931644169

31.1619145465

29.0849398792

34.7236934188

31.271410882

31.7170450812

38.1951965508

27.7610150352

34.557966963

31.5561495511

38.2411282789

767.7061.1828666667

749.0681.1325777778

736.1461.0901333333

724.81.0372

711.0041.0001333333

7770.9823333333

SQP(E)

Relative efficiency

density

y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899

0.9528144718

0.9339114009

0.8786976427

0.9501121591

0.7496228568

0.9657193268

0.70581194

0.974760924

0.5878907531

0.9864064488

1.0137640855

0.9862359145

Applications

Continuous detection.LS – measurement cell: sample + cocktail mixture

- unstable and reagents consumption, waste generation.PS – measurement cell : sample + solid scintillator

- stable – EFF detection

. Chromatographic determinations

. Environmental determination (3H)

Multiple sample analysis.. Microplates (labelled samples)

Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague

25


O

O

O

OO

O

O

O

O

O O

O

O

O

O

O O

O

O

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

O

OO

OOO O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

O

O

O

O

O O

O

O

OO

O O

O

O

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

OO

O

O O

O OOO

O

O

O

OO

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin

Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins. Alpha and Beta spectra distribution + Scintillation

no selective technique / spectra overlapping.. PS solid platform to implement separation procedures

PSm Plastic Scintillating resin (PSresin)


26


Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins. Alpha and Beta spectra distribution + Scintillation

no selective technique / spectra overlapping.. PS solid platform to implement separation procedures

PSm Plastic Scintillating resin (PSresin)


27

OO

OOO O


Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins.

. PSresin: separation step + measurement preparation


28

PSresin


Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins.

. PSresin: separation step + measurement preparation


29

. Time reduction

. Reagents and man power reduction

. Waste reduction

. Development in progress

. Cost ?


Preparation approaches.

. Approaches to incorporate the selective capability:

- Immobilization: selective extractant (solvent) coating the PSm or CPS.

- Imprinted polymers: selective cavity on the PSm or CPS

- Covalent bounding: selective extractant bounded on the PSm or CPS surface.-


30

Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications

Immobilization.

90Sr in Water

Extractant: 4,4'(5')-di-t butylcyclohexane 18-crown-6 1M OctanolSeparation conditions: LiNO3 6 M


31

O

O O

O O

O

Act (dpm) Act calc (dpm) Error (%)

Drinking water8.02 8.18 1.947.77 7.66 -1.447.66 7.54 -1.51

Sea Water7.88 8.06 2.298.00 7.80 -2.567.70 8.01 4.09

River Water7.86 7.84 -0.287.75 7.60 -1.947.77 7.72 -0.61

Immobilization.

Radiotracer S14CN in oil reservoir.

Extractant: Aliquat 336Separation conditions: water


32

1

N+

SampleConductivity

(mS cm-1)TOC

(mg L-1)Activity (Bq L-1)

PS resin IFE1 52.1 ± 0.1 13.6 ± 0.3 2.89 ± 0.14 2.98 ± 0.092 51.5 ± 0.2 18.4 ± 0.3 2.01 ± 0.04 2.21 ± 0.063 50.8 ± 0.2 22.4 ± 0.7 1.00 ± 0.09 1.02 ± 0.074 51.3 ± 0.1 39.2 ± 0.6 1.42 ± 0.02 1.36 ± 0.055 51.5 ± 0.2 18.4 ± 0.7 2.66 ± 0.08 2.76 ± 0.08


Immobilization.

99Tc in water and urine.

Extractant: Aliquat 336Separation conditions: HCl 0.1M


33

1

N+

SampleActivity

(dpm L-1)Activity Calc

(dpm L-1)Error(%)

Sea Water 24,3 23,0 -5,3

Sea Water 24,3 25,1 3,3

Sea Water 24,2 22,8 -6,2

Urine 0,43 0.44 2,4

Urine 0,46 0,42 -6.5


Immobilization.

210Pb in water.Extractant: 4,4'(5')-di-t butylcyclohexane 18-crown-6 1M OctanolSeparation conditions: HNO3 2M


34

1

SampleActivity

(dpm/mL)Activity Calc (dpm/mL)

Deviation (%)

Ebro river 10,1 10,8 -7,010,1 11,0 -9,210,1 9,8 3,6

Subterranean water

10,9 11,7 -7,011,4 11,4 0,211,4 11,8 -4,1

Congost river 11,0 11,4 -4,210,4 10,7 -3,311,4 11,3 0,7


Imprinted.

Synthesis in presence of a template.


35

Selective Radionuclide determinations

polymerization rinse

-Selectivity based on steric impediment- No breakthrough volume- Use of generic extractants

In progress: PSresin 63Ni

Imprinted.

Synthesis in absence of template.

Polymer Free Volume – Porosity


36


PSm PSm-Porous

SEM

Imprinted.

Synthesis in absence of template.

37


In progress: 222Rn

SEM

AFM

PSm PSm-Porous


In progress: 222Rn

Covalent Bounding.

Selective extractant bounded on the PS surface.- No breakthrough volume

Studies in progress:- CPS - 233U - CPS – 63Ni


38


Automation.

-Routine analysis improves by using automated systems.- Inclusion of PSresin cartridges fits this approach


39


Summary.

- Alpha and Beta emitters can be determined by PS (Low beta emitters)

- Calibration by using Quenching Parameters

- Alpha/ Beta discrimination is possible.

- Selective determinations are possible

- Selective Plastic Scintillating Resins.. Procedures of extractant incorporation


40

Summary and Future challenges.

Future challenges.- Selective Plastic Scintillating Resins.

. Procedures of extractant incorporation

. Controlled porous materials

- New Plastic Scintillating formats.. Foils

. Monolites

- Automation.

- New application fields.. Routine control. Medical. Decommissioning. Emergency situation


41

Summary and Future challenges.

2nd International Workshop on Plastic Scintillation in PracticeBarcelona, Spring 2018

Thanks for your attention.


42

Plastic Scintillators and related analytical proposals

José F. García, Alex Tarancón, Héctor Bagán

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42

Documents

PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS and RELATED ANALYTICAL PROPOSALS …lsc2017.nutech.dtu.dk/...Invited-Garcia-Plastic_Scintillators_LSC2017.pdf · PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS . and . RELATED ANALYTICAL