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Plastic and Fibre World!
Presented by:
Group 6 membersNavneeth
JoshuaRonaldMarcus
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Plastics – Introduction
The word plastic comes from the Greek word, plasticos, which means able to be moulded.
Plastics are man-made materials. Some plastics are derived from natural substances such as animals, insects and plants but most are man-made which are known as Synthetic Plastics
Most synthetic plastics come from crude oil but coal and natural gas is also used. They go through a process called Polymerization to form new compounds called Polymers
There are two main types of plastics
Thermoplastics – These can be re-shaped many times by heating and cooling process
Thermosetting Plastics – Once the shape is formed, it is permanent
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Plastics - History
In 1862, the first man-made plastic was made by Alexander Parkes. It was called Parkesine. Parkesine
was an organic material derived from the plant material “cellulose”
could be shaped once heated retained its shape when cooled
In 1869, John Wesley Hyatt, an American printer and inventor, found that cellulose nitrate could be used as an inexpensive substitute for ivory. The mixture could be plasticized with the addition of camphor. It was called Celluloid
celluloid could be moulded with heat and pressure into a durable shape.
In 1951, two young research chemists for Phillips Petroleum Company discovered polypropylene and polyethylene, petroleum products, the plastics which are widely used today.
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Plastics - Common Properties
Translucent to opaque
High impact and shock resistant
Can be sterilized
Wear and friction resistant
Virtually unbreakable
Stiff and Hard
Soft and Flexible
Wide range of colors
Good electrical insulator
Good heat resistance
Good water-resistance
Light weight
Plastics - Past & Present applications
When celluloid was discovered, it became the only plastic of commercial importance for 30 years.
Its first use was mainly for dental impressions. Dentists were happy to replace it for expensive vulcanized rubber.
Its other applications were: photographic film, billiard balls, eyeglass frames, combs, shirt collars, buttons, dentures.
Today, plastics are used to make items ranging from computers, airplane, automobile parts and important medical equipment to toys, cookware, sports equipment, and even clothes. You cannot imagine a day without plastics!
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Fibre – Introduction
Fiber is a long, thin strand or thread of material. Fibers are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabrics.
Fibers naturally occur in both plants and animals.
Natural fibers include cotton, hair, fur, silk, and wool. Other fibers are manufactured.
There are two types of manufactured fibers (thermoplastics): Regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. Regenerated fibers are made from natural materials by processing these materials to form a fiber structure. Rayon and acetate are two common regenerated fibers.
Synthetic fibers are made entirely from chemicals. Synthetic fibers are usually stronger than either natural or regenerated fibers. The most widely used kinds of synthetic fibers are nylon (polyamide), polyester, acrylic, and olefin.
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Fibre - History
Natural Fibres
Natural fibers have been used for apparel and home fashion for thousands of years, with the use of wool going back over 4,000 years
Regenerated Fibres
was in use since 1799. It was known as artificial silk, but later on became known as Rayon.
Acetate was discovered around 1865.
Synthetic Fibres
Nylon, the first synthetic fibre was discovered in year 1939.
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Fibre - Common Properties
Non-observant
Very durable
Crease resistant
Easy care
Fibre - Past & Present applications
Past
Stockings Parachutes
Present
Tires Ropes Seat belts Parachutes Fishing lines Nets Hoses Bulletproof vests Sewing thread Flame-resistant clothing
Resources
Fiber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_fiber http://www.42explore.com/fibers.htm http://www.fabriclink.com/university/history.cfm
Plastics
http://museo.cannon.com/museonew/UKmuseo/storia/storia2UK.asp?Direzione=Avanti&decenpass= http://www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/quick/plastic.html http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpolystyrene.htm http://www.essortment.com/all/whatisthehist_rgoq.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Chemical_Properties_of_Plastichttp://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869E/CHEM869ELinks/qlink.queensu.ca/~6jrt/ch
em210/Page2.html http://www.design-technology.org/CDT10plasticproperties.htm http://www.daigger.com/plastic.jsp http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_discovered_plastic
Thank You
Q & A Session!