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PLASMA TELEVISION
TECHNOLOGYINSTITUTE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES
NIRMA UNIVERSITY.
PREPARED BY BHADRESH R. PARGHI
GUIDED BY MS LIPI K CHHAYA
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What is the root of
plasma television?
The plasma science is behindthis technology.Plasma is often called the
"Fourth State of Matter", theother three being solid, liquidand gas.
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DescriptionPlasma is a distinct state ofmatter containing asignificant number ofelectrically charged particles,a number sufficient to affectits electrical properties andbehavior.
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DescriptionIn addition to being important inmany aspects of our daily lives, plasmas
are estimated to constitute more than 99percent of the visible universe.
In an ordinary gas each atom contains anequal number of positive and negative
charges; the positive charges in thenucleus are surrounded by an equalnumber of negatively charged electrons,and each atom is electrically "neutral".
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How the gas becomes
plasma?
When the gas atoms getsufficient energy in the form oflight or heat they are ionized andbecomes positively charged andelectrons becomes free to move.
Now the gas is ionized andelectrical characteristics are
changed, which is called plasma.
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History of plasma TV.
Todays amazing plasma display panelwas invented at the University of Illinois in1964 carrying high-definition television(HDTV) into millions of homes.
Weber's 60-inch plasma display televisionwhich was developed by Matsushita(bearing the Panasonic label).
the Society for Information Display gaveWeber its highest award in 2000 for hiscontributions to plasma displays.
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Patent for plasma display TV
Donald Bitzer (BSEE '55, MSEE '56,PhD '60) and the late Gene Slottow
(PhD '64), and their first graduatestudent, Robert Willson (PhD '66),whose name appears alongside
those of Bitzer and Slottow on theoriginal plasma display patent.
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Photo of Larry Weber with TV
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The earliest version of TV sets for
the student terminals.
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A 4 x 4 pixel plasma display
It was July 1964, and the
first ac plasma displaypanel had been built. Thepanel's single cell
operated on thefundamental rules thatgovern the millions of cells
in one of today's panels.
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A 4 x 4 pixel plasma display
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A 16 x 16 pixel "UI" display from
1967. (D. L. Blitzer)
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Early press reports prophesied
plasma's potential as a new TV
display technology.
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The transparency of the
monochrome plasma
displays allowed slides
to be superimposed on
images read from thecomputer
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Weber (left) took the Illinoistechnology to Plasmaco and
used it to bring in business.Here he shows off a
transparent screen with
moving graphics at a 1988
convention. (L. Weber)
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W b d S hi dl Pl
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Weber and Schindler at Plasmaco
headquarters in Highland, NY, with
their 60-inch prototype displays.
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The plasma behind television
For the past 75 years, the vastmajority of televisions have been
built around the sametechnology: the cathode ray tube(CRT). In a CRT television, a gunfires a beam of electrons(negatively-charged particles)inside a large glass tube.
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The electrons excite phosphor atoms alongthe wide end of the tube (the screen), which
causes the phosphor atoms to light up. Thetelevision image is produced by lighting updifferent areas of the phosphor coating withdifferent colors at different intensities .
Recently, a new alternative has popped upon store shelves: the plasma flat paneldisplay.
in a video signal, the television lights upthousands of tiny dots (called pixels) with ahigh-energy beam of electrons.
I t t th th
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In most systems, there are threepixel colors -- red, green and blue --which are evenly distributed on the
screen. By combining these colors indifferent proportions, the televisioncan produce the entire colorspectrum.
The basic idea of a plasma display isto illuminate tiny colored fluorescentlights to form an image. Each pixel is
made up of three fluorescent lights --a red light, a green light and a bluelight.
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Just like a CRT television, theplasma display varies the
intensities of the different lightsto produce a full range of colors.
The central element in afluorescent light is a plasma, agas made up of free-flowing ions
(electrically charged atoms) andelectrons (negatively chargedparticles).
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Under normal conditions , the individualgas atoms include equal numbers of
protons (positively charged particles inthe atom's nucleus) and electrons.
negatively charged electrons perfectly
balance the positively charged protons,so the atom has a net charge of zero.
If you introduce many free electrons into
the gas by establishing an electricalvoltage across it, the situation changesvery quickly.
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. The free electrons collide with theatoms, knocking loose other electronsand With a missing electron, an atomloses its balance. It has a net positivecharge, making it an ion.
In a plasma with an electrical currentrunning through it, negatively chargedparticles are rushing toward thepositively charged area of the plasma,
and positively charged particles arerushing toward the negatively chargedarea.
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In this mad rush, particles are constantlybumping into each other.
These collisions excite the gas atoms inthe plasma, causing them to releasephotons of energy.
Xenon and neon atoms, the atoms usedin plasma screens, release light photonswhen they are excited.
. Mostly, these atoms release ultraviolet
light photons, which are invisible to thehuman eye. But ultraviolet photons canbe used to excite visible light photons,as we'll see in the next section.
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Inside the Display
The xenon and neon gas in aplasma television is contained in
hundreds of thousands of tinycells positioned between twoplates of glass.
Long electrodes are alsosandwiched between the glass
plates, on both sides of the cells.
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Inside the Display
The address electrodes sitbehind the cells, along the rearglass plate and transparent
display electrodes, which aresurrounded by an insulatingdielectric material and covered
by a magnesium oxide protectivelayer, are mounted above thecell, along the front glass plat.
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The type of atoms in a plasma,the ratio of ionized to neutral
particles and the particleenergies all result in a broadspectrum of plasma types,characteristics and behaviors.
These unique behaviors cause
plasmas to be useful in a largeand growing number ofimportant applications in our
lives.
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Both sets of electrodes extendacross the entire screen.
The display electrodes arearranged in horizontal rows
along the screen and the addresselectrodes are arranged invertical columns.
The vertical and horizontalelectrodes form a basic grid.
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WORKING
To ionize the gas in a particular cell,the plasma display's supply charges
the electrodes that intersect at thatcell.
When the intersecting electrodes arecharged (with a voltage differencebetween them), an electric current
flows through the gas in the cell.
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As we saw in the last section, the
current creates a rapid flow ofcharged particles, which
stimulates the gas atoms torelease ultraviolet photons.
The released ultraviolet photons
interact with phosphor materialcoated on the inside wall of thecell.
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Phosphors are substances that give
off light when they are exposed toother light. When an ultravioletphoton hits a phosphor atom in the
cell, one of the phosphor's electronsjumps to a higher energy level andthe atom heats up.
When the electron falls back to itsnormal level, it releases energy in theform of a visible light photon.
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The phosphors in a plasma display
give off colored light when they areexcited.
Every pixel is made up of three
separate sub pixel cells, each withdifferent colored phosphors.
One sub pixel has a red light
phosphor, one sub pixel has a greenlight phosphor and one sub pixelhas a blue light phosphors.
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By varying the pulses of current
flowing through the different cells,the control system can increase ordecrease the intensity of each sub
pixel color to create hundreds ofdifferent combinations of red, greenand blue.
In this way, the control system canproduce colors across the entirespectrum.
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Advantages
The main advantage of plasmadisplay technology is that you
can produce a very wide screenusing extremely thin materials.
And because each pixel is litindividually, the image is verybright and looks good from
almost every angle.
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Disadvantages
The image quality isn't quite upto the standards of the best
cathode ray tube sets, but itcertainly meets most people'sexpectations.
The biggest drawback of thistechnology has to be the price.
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With prices starting at $4,000 and
going all the way up past $20,000,these sets aren't exactly flying offthe shelves.
But as prices fall and technologyadvances, they may start to edgeout the old CRT sets.
In the near future, setting up a newTV might be as easy as hanging apicture!
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Quick Plasma TV Facts
Is it true that LCD (Liquid Crystal Displays)last longer than plasma displays?
No. These days, they both last about60,000 hours. Plasma is also moreefficient and gives a better picture onlarger screens because each phosphorcell is illuminated as needed. LCD use
bulbs that require full power all the time.
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Will I have to
"recharge" myplasma?
No. It is a myth thatplasmas need to be
recharged or refilled.
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What is 16x9 aspect ratio?
Width-to-height
relationship on a displaydevice. It is part of theHDTV standard and is also
called "widescreen,"similar to what you see at
a movie theater.
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PHILIPS 50PF9964 PLASMA TV
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