Plasma Technology for Solid waste Management

8/19/2019 Plasma Technology for Solid waste �Management

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SEMINAR PRESENTATION (2015-2016)

Plasma Technology fo Sol!" #as$eManagemen$

S%&m!$$e" &y' omal A Moho"

%!"e" &y * + N , ha$e

./EMI.A EN INEERIN *EPARTMENT

A. T3 O TE./NO O 3 AN* EN INEERIN

T/E MA/ARA4A SA3A4IRAO NI,ERSIT3 O ARO*A


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• roper disposal of !S$ is a necessity to minimi'e en)ironmental health impacts and degradation of laresources. In de)eloping countries, !S$ is commonly disposed of by transporting and discharging in odumps, which are en)ironmentally unsafe. Sys$ema$!c "!s7osal me$ho"s a e com7os$!ng9 lan"f!ll!n!nc!ne a$!on+#

.om7os$!ng is the regulated decomposition of organic matter to produce a final product called comused in waste management as a method to reco)er organic waste. 6

omposting is done by three methods0 omposting by trenching ,8pen $indrow composting and !ec

composting.

an"f!ll!ng 0 A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is oldest form otreatment. &ere refuse is spread and compacted in thin layers within a small area. It is a biological mwaste treatment.

Inc!ne a$!on is a waste treatment process that in)ol)es the combustion of organic substances containwaste materials. eft o)er ashes, glass, metals and unburned combustibles amount to *#" of original w

Py olys!s 0 &eating of solid waste at a )ery high temperature in absence of air.

Recycle 0 Separating, reco)ering, and reusing components of solid waste that may still ha)e economicalled recycling. 8ne type of recycling is the reco)ery and reuse of heat energy.

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lasma echnology

o lasma lasma is fo% $h s$a$e of matter. !ore than 99" of the )isible matter in the uni)erse is in the plasma stat

be seen in its natural form on earth as lightning or as polar light in the Arctic and Antarctic.

$ith increasing energy input, the state of matter changes from solid to liquid to gaseous. If additional enthen fed into a gas by means of electrical discharge, the gas will turn into plasma . 3

Plasma Technology !s &ase" on follo#!ng7 !nc!7le'

:Ma$$e changes !$s s$a$e #hen ene gy !s$o !$+ Sol!" &ecomes l!;%!"9 l!;%!" &eco If e


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lasma @asification rocess

• lasma gasification is a process which con


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lasma @asification echnique

Image reference ;4ig 5./ lasma @asification echnique >8=ha et al>* 1*??;


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• A plasma reactor operates in o>ygen s$a


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echnological 2e)elopments 0• @ s suffer a h!gh loa" from the %se of 7o#e a$ $he elec$ o"es to generate the plasma, a

also e(pended before the !S$ reaches the plasma 'one in the gasifier in chopping up and ensuring that t particle si'e of the waste is quite small.

• 4or this reason they do e(pend a large proportion of the power generated =ust in maintaining their o power demand. A plasma electrode-type plasma s7 ay g%n , which can generate a high temperat plasma =et by in=ecting )arious materials into the center of the arc column, has been de)eloped.

n)ironmental Impacts 0• he first noticeable difference of plasma assisted processes from classic waste treatment process is tha

syngas !s cleane" &efo e com&%s$!on , which is potentially more efficient than a post-combustion cshould ha)e a lower cost than post-combustion cleaning of $ flue gas.

• hus, the final emissions of the process will depend on the le)el of cleaning of the syngas, with the e(c B8C that will not be formed during the gasification process.

• *!o>!ns an" f% ans can be a)oided due to the high heat of the plasma treatment, but they can reappethe cooling of the syngas. Duenching, i.e. rapid cooling of the syngas, a)oids formation of dio(ins and

but at the penalty the loss of the waste heat. 1

• he


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conomic Analysis

• he analysis shows that the ca7!$al cos$s of plasma-assisted $ is h!ghe

than the traditional $ plant, especially due to the cost of the plasma torches.• he base plasma plant scenario conducted yielded a capital charge of E:6.3 per ton of !S$ processed, higher than the estimated capital charge of E6 Fton

for a grate combustion $ plant.• he detailed costs of each process were higher than the base case0 E31Fton

for Alter B @, E36Fton for uroplasma. 11

• he ene gy 7 o"%ce" 7e $on of fee"s$oc? is higher in plasma

assisted-gasification than in grate combustion, although not enough

to pro)ide substantial economic benefits.

ef0 %ase as by 8=ha>* 1*

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ommerciali'ation• !unicipal-scale plasma gasification is used commercially for waste disposal in n!ne loca$!ons

world with fi)e more pro=ects in de)elopment. Sites for gasification facilities are often at landfills wrecuperati)e landfill mining can return the landfills to their original states. Plasma a c gas!f!ca$means $o "es$ oy &o$h me"!cal an" o$he ha a "o%s #as$e+ 1*

• In the Bortheast of ngland plasma gasification technology is being implemented within the Borthngland rocess Industry luster>B I ? on eesside region by the company Air roducts. his co

building two units to gasify societal waste to produce energy with the synthesis gas produced.

!ilitary Gse•

he S Na A$2S? on its latest generation . 4ord-class aircraft carrier.• he compact system being used will treat all combustible solid waste generated on board the ship. A

ha)ing completed factory acceptance testing in !ontreal, the system is scheduled to be shipped to the&untington Ingalls shipyard for installation on the carrier. 1/

T/AN 3O

1* for Hournal of &a'ardous !aterials 1*/ >1 /?0 1* 1*6 1/ for he lasma Arc $aste 2estruction System to educe $aste Aboard +B-:3, pg. 1/
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA519815http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA519815

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Plasma Technology for Solid waste Management