Plasma Seminar Report

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SEMINAR REPORT

ON

PLASMA DISPLAY

Submitted

By

SWAPNIL S. BIRHADE

Roll No::10207

Guided by

Prof.SWAPNILA CHUMBLE

Lecturer, IT

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYDR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,AKURDI

PUNE- 410 506.

20010 - 11


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DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AKURDI PUNE-410 506.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that student Mr.SWAPNIL S. BIRHADE is

studying in TE IT course in SEM II and He has successfullycompleted and submitted the seminar-I, entitled PLASMA

DISPLAY. This study is a partial fulfillment of the degree of

Bachelors of Engineering in Information Technology of PUNE

University, PUNE during the academic year 2010-2011.

Date:

Place:

(Prof.Swapnila Chumble) (Prof. K.N.Honwadkar)

Guide Head of the Department


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure, I am presenting this seminar report as

part of the curriculum of T.E. Information Technology.

We express our profound thanks to our respected Pricncipal

Mrs Alka kote and Head of the Department, Prof. K.N.Honwadkar

whose advice and valuable guidance helped us in making this projectinteresting and successful one.

We are grateful to our guide Prof.Swapnila chumble for his

support and guidance throughout the course of our project.

We also thanks all those who have directly or indirectly guided

and helped us in preparation of this project.

Swapnil S. Birhade

Roll No::10207


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CONTENTS

1. Abstract 12. Introduction 33. Plasma Display 54. Cell Structure of Plasma Display Panel 6

5. How Plasma Technology works 106. Schematic illustration of single Cell / Pixel in PD 167. Plasma Screens and Display 188. Compare between PDP and LCD 209. Plasma Advantages and Disadvantages 2210.Conclusion 23

11.Bibliography 24


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Abstract

Plasma displays are bright (1,000luxor higher for the module),

have a wide colorgamut, and can be produced in fairly large

sizesup to 150 inches (3.8 m) diagonally. They have a very

low-luminance "dark-room" black level compared to the lighter grey of

the un illuminated parts of an LCD screen (i.e. the blacks are blacker on

plasmas and greyer on LCDs).LED-backlit LCD televisionshave been

developed to reduce this distinction. The display panel itself is about

6 cm (2.5 inches) thick, generally allowing the device's total thickness

(including electronics) to be less than 10 cm (4 inches). Plasma displays

use as muchpowerper square meter as aCRTor anAMLCDtelevision.

Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright

scenes drawing significantly more power than darker ones - this is also

true of CRTs. Typical power consumption is 400 watts for a 50-inch

(127 cm) screen. 200 to 310 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) display when

set to cinema mode. Most screens are set to 'shop' mode by default,

which draws at least twice the power (around 500-700 watts) of a 'home'

setting of less extreme brightness. Panasonic has greatly reduced power

consumption ("1/3 of 2007 models") Panasonic claims that PDPs will
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux


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consume only half the power of their previous series of plasma sets to

achieve the same overall brightness for a given display size. The lifetime

of the latest generation of plasma displays is estimated at 100,000 hours

of actual display time, or 27 years at 10 hours per day. This is the

estimated time over which maximum picture brightness degrades to half

the original value.

Nature of Plasma

Plasma TV


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INTRODUCTION

As the flat panel television category continues its explosive growth,

plasma display panel (PDP)technology remains the benchmark and de

facto standard that consumers seek when considering the purchase of flat

panel home theater display devices. To many consumers, the term

plasma has become synonymous with all flat panel displays even

though liquid crystal display (LCD) products are also available.

Until recently, the market for direct-view, flat panel televisions was

segmented fairly clearly, with LCD sets available only in screen sizes

smaller than 30 inches, and PDP products available in larger screen sizes

ranging from 42 to 61 inches. Today, the consumer market for these two

flat panel technologies is beginning to converge, due to mass production

of LCDs in larger screen sizes.

While PDP and LCD offer some shared benefits (their flat, thin form

factor and undistorted, fixed-pixel image rendering), significant quality

differences remain. Plasma displays continue to best fill the needs of

home theater enthusiasts seeking premium-quality large-screen display

devices, due to several inherent benefits of the technology.


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Plasma Display

A plasma display is a computer video display in which eachpixelon the

screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma or charged gas, somewhat

like a tiny neon light. Plasma displays are thinner than cathode ray tube

(CRT) displays and brighter than liquid crystal displays (LCD).

Plasma displays are sometimes marketed as "thin-panel" displays and

can be used to display eitheranalogvideo signals ordisplay modes

digital computer input.

In addition to the advantage of slimness, a plasma display is flat rather

than slightly curved as a CRT display is and therefore free of distortion

on the edges of the screen. Unlike many LCD displays, a plasma display

offers a very wide viewing angle. Plasma displays come in conventional

PC displays sizes and also in sizes up to 60 inches for home theater and

high definition television.
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Plasma Display

Cell Structure of Plasma Display Panel

The plasma display itself is a simple device consisting of two parallel

glass plates separated by a precise spacing of some tenths of a millimeter

and sealed around the edges. The space between the plates is filled with

a mixture of rare gases at a pressure somewhat less than one atmosphere.

Parallel stripes of transparent conducting material with a width of about

a tenth of a millimeter are deposited on each plate, with the stripes on


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one plate perpendicular to those on the other.

These stripes are the "electrodes" to which voltages are applied. The

intersections of the rows of electrodes on one side

and the columns of electrodes on the opposite glass plate define the

individual color elementsor cellsof a PDP.

For high quality color images it is important to keep the UV radiation

from passing between cells. To isolate the individual cells barriers are

created on the inside surface of one of the plates before sealing.

Troughs, honeycomb-like structures and other shapes have been used.

The red, green and blue phosphors are deposited inside these structures.

A commercial panel consists of several million cells which have to be

switched at a rate that will create 60 TV picture frames per second. A

computer translates an image into a sequence of On and Off voltage

pulses which are applied to the electrode arrays line by line and row by

row to select individual cells. Such control is possible because the

plasma is fast and can respond to the voltage pulses in a millionth of a

second. The complexity increases significantly when we consider

that each small picture element, or pixel, consists of three color cells,

and each color cell can display 256 intensity levels.

Thus each pixel can display over 16.7 million (or, more exactly,

256x256x256) colors.


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Plasma glass plate and pixel


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How Plasma Technology works

Plasma TV's create a picture from a gas (plasma) filled with xenon and

neon atoms and millions of electrically charged atoms and electrons, that

collide when you turn the power on. The collision increases the energy

level in the plasma and the neon and xenon release photons of light

(similar to the way neon lights work).

PLASMA display panels (PDPs) are one of the leading candidates in the

competition for large-size, high-brightness flat panel displays, suitable

for high-definition television (HDTV) monitors , Their advantages are

high resolution, fast response, wide viewing angle, low weight, and


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simple manufacturing process for fabrication. The fact that they are

expected to be the next generation of TV displays is evident in the

remarkable recent progress of PDP technology development and

manufacturing ,One of the most critical issues in PDP research and

technology development is the improvement of luminance and luminous

efficiency , which is dependent on the gas mixture composition,

phosphor efficiency, driving voltage characteristics, and cell geometry.

PDP cells can operate only if the applied voltage is held within certain

limits. The minimum and maximum values of the applied voltage define

the margin of the panel . These limits are determined by the breakdown

voltage. In some PDP designs, reducing the breakdown voltage may be

of higher priority than is increasing the efficiency, because of the high

cost of high-voltage driving circuits . In this article, we focus our

attention on the effects of gas mixture composition on light generation

efficiency and on the breakdown voltage. Typical plasma displays

consist of two glass plates, each with parallel electrodes deposited on

their surfaces. The electrodes are covered with a dielectric film. The

plates are sealed together with their electrodes at right angles, and the

gap between the plates is filled with an inert gas mixture. A protective

MgO layer is deposited above the dielectric film. The role of this layer is


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to decrease the breakdown voltage caused by the high secondary

electron emission coefficient of MgO. The discharge is initiated by

applying a voltage pulse to the electrodes. Xenon gas mixtures are used

to efficiently generate UV photons. The UV photons emitted by the

discharge hit the phosphors deposited on the walls of the PDP cell and

are converted into visible photons. Each cell contains phosphor that

emits one primary colorred, green, or blue. In this paper, we study

different Xenon gas mixtures and theoretically investigate their

efficiency in generating UV photons. In particular, we examine three

different cases, i.e., NeXe, HeXe, and NeXeAr. In each case, we

investigate the effect of the variation of the percentage of the constituent

gases on the efficiency of the mixture and on the breakdown voltage.

All plasmas require a source of energy. As in fluorescent lamps, the

plasma in a PDP is produced by applying a voltage across a gap that

contains gas. The plasmas used in PDPs are considered "cold" plasmas

in the sense that the background gas stays relatively cold while the

electrons (and ions) in the plasma are heated by the applied voltage.

When the hot electrons collide with the background gas atoms and


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transfer energy to them, many of those atoms respond by emitting

UV radiation. The operating conditions of the display (gas composition,

pressure, voltage, geometry, etc.) represent a compromise, taking into

account performance requirements such as low voltage operation, long

life, high brightness and high contrast. The plasma display itself is a

simple device consisting of two parallel glass plates separated by a

precise spacing of some tenths of a millimeter and sealed around the

edges. The space between the plates is filled with a mixture of rare gases

at a pressure somewhat less than one atmosphere. Parallel stripes of

transparent conducting material with a width of about a tenth of a

millimeter are deposited on each plate, with the stripes on one plate

perpendicular to those on the other. These stripes are the "electrodes" to

which voltages are applied.

Brightness and Contrast Ratio

In the spec wars, Brightness and Contrast Ratio seem to be the most

important numbers for both consumers and manufacturers.

Unfortunately, both of these specs are significantly misunderstood as

well as significantly abused and exaggerated. The values published by

most manufacturers are now so outrageous that they are close to absolute

nonsense, and its getting worse.

Throughout this series we have measured the Brightness and Contrast


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values using a consistent and scientifically objective procedure. See

earlier articles for an in-depth discussion and explanation. Briefly, here

is their significance: you need to have a sufficient amount of brightness

for comfortable viewing in your ambient light viewing conditions, but

after that more is not better, in fact, for some display technologies it is

actually worse. Contrast Ratio is affected primarily by how dark and

close to black the screen can get, but that is only important under low

ambient lighting conditions. Note that it is only possible to obtain high

picture quality and accuracy under low ambient lighting. In that case you

need moderate brightness and a high Contrast Ratio. For high ambient

lighting, you need high brightness,but dont worry about picture quality

or accuracy or Contrast Ratio, because they are all irrelevant under these

viewing conditions.


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Schematic illustration of single Cell / Pixel in PDPs

Plasma Screens and Display


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Compare between PDP and LCD

Attribute Plasmavision

Display

TFT LCD Plasmavision

Benefits

Sizes available in

mass

production

.

Big screens!

42 to 63Small 12 tomedium 37

The home theater

experience

demands a big

screen, seen from a

comfortable

viewing distance.

Plasmavision

offers large screen

sizesPeak brightness

level

Very good Good Plasmavision

displays deliver the

visual punchhome theater

enthusiasts

demand.

Contrast ratio Best Good Contrast is an

essential measureof quality in home

theater displays,

and Plasmavision

delivers superior

results.

Color fidelity Excellent Limited Plasmavision

displays use a

broader color

spectrum,to deliver accurate

color fidelity as

seen on the best

direct-view CRTs.

Viewing angle, full 160 to 180 40 to 70 Everyone can


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color and

brightness

(degrees)

enjoy a

Plasmavision

monitors

excellent color and

brightness from

every part of the

room.

Non-failure of

individual pixels

Excellent Individual

pixels can

fail over

time

Plasmavisionspixels keep

workingindividual pixel

failure after

installation is

extremely rare.

Plasma Advantages and Disadvantages

Plasma Advantages

Excellent (real) contrast ratios and black levels

Excellent color reproduction

Excellent life expectancy

Excellent viewing angle with no real loss of color or contrast

Plasma Disadvantages

Cost is very high as compare to LCD

More Electric voltage is required as compare to LCD


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Conclusion

We see this more and more on store signs and in ads promoting large-

screen, flat-panel plasma TVs. The flat plasma display is a major

competitor among several flat panel display technologiesall vying for

the potentially enormous High Definition TV market.


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Bibliography

Site Address

www.plasmacoalition.org

www.panasonic.com

www.google.com

www.associatedcontent.com

www.members.tripod.com
http://www.panasonic.com/http://www.associatedcontent.com/http://www.members.tripod.com/http://www.members.tripod.com/http://www.associatedcontent.com/http://www.panasonic.com/

Documents

Plasma Seminar Report