Plasma Display Panels · 2017-08-28 · Handbook of Visual Display Technology DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35947-7_74-2 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ... of the barrier rib provide

Plasma Display Panels

David N. Liu*Display Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan, China

Abstract

An overview of plasma display panel fundamentals is presented. This article begins by describing thephysics of a gas discharge. Then the technologies used to form the front plate and the rear plate of a plasmadisplay panel are described. After the assembly of a vacuum-sealed plasma display has been introduced,the display cell operation mechanism and the driving techniques for a plasma display panel are discussed.Finally, directions for future research are mentioned.

List of Abbreviations

AC Alternating currentADS Address display separationDC Direct currentEMI Electromagnetic interferenceFED Field emission displayIRI Infrared interferenceITO Indium tin oxideLCD Liquid crystal displayOLED Organic light-emitting displayPDP Plasma display panel

Introduction

Flat panel displays have become ubiquitous through their use in computer, communication, and consumerdevices. There are many kinds of flat panel displays, including plasma display panels (PDPs), liquidcrystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting displays (OLEDs), and field emission displays (FEDs). AnLCD is a nonemissive display which additionally needs a backlight, color filter, polarizer, and otheroptical components. Although its viewing angle and operating temperature are limited, its maturemanufacturing technology, low driving voltage, and long life have allowed the LCD to become themost commonly used flat panel display. An OLED is a kind of solid-state display that has no need for avacuum, gas, or liquid inside the panel. It has high optical efficiency and high picture quality although ithas a relatively high manufacturing cost and it is difficult to scale up. An FED generally has a cathode raytube (CRT)-like quality with flat characteristics. It has high optical efficiency, although its majordrawbacks are poor emission uniformity and the short life of color application. The PDP (Oversluizenand Dekker 2006; Sano et al. 1998) is a gas-discharge display with high picture quality, relatively simplemanufacture, and easy scale-up, which has enabled it to become one of the major choices for large display

*Email: [email protected]

Handbook of Visual Display TechnologyDOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35947-7_74-2# Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

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applications. Its major drawbacks are the high voltage driving and the large pixel size. The benchmarks forthese various display types are shown in Table 1.

The operation mechanism used in a PDP is similar to that of a fluorescent lamp; however, the gasesmost commonly used in PDPs are neon and xenon rather than argon and mercury as in fluorescent lamps.The peak UV wavelengths in PDPs are 147 and 173 nm. These wavelengths are generally called vacuumUV, can only propagate in a vacuum, and are strongly absorbed by normal air. That is one of the reasonsthat a PDP needs to evacuate out normal gas before filling in the display gas. This process ensures vacuumUV can effectively reach phosphor and excite it. Although a PDP cannot have very small pixel size and itsoperating voltage is high, it has a wider viewing angle, faster response time, and wider temperature rangethan an LCD. Therefore, a PDP is a good candidate for large panel displays because it is effective for staticpictures and motion pictures, from cold temperature to hot temperature, and for personal and public use.Moreover, a PDP can be fabricated at low cost and with a simple manufacturing process.

Basic Structure

A direct current (DC) PDP and an alternating current (AC) PDP are the two major types. A DC PDP hasthe advantage of simplicity, whereas an AC PDP has the advantage of a longer operating lifetime. In a DCPDP, two electrodes are directly exposed to the gas, so it can be operated by DC mode. The majordrawback of this mode of operation is the relatively short operating lifetime since the plasma directlybombards the electrodes and the phosphor. In contrast, an AC PDP uses an AC, so a dielectric layer isneeded. Additionally, a protection layer can be desirably deposited to provide protection from the plasmabombardment and therefore the operating lifetime is increased. The AC PDP is the most popular typeof PDP.

Figure 1 presents the structure of one elementary cell of an AC PDP for surface discharge which iscommonly adopted. The rib height is typically 100 mm and the gas pressure inside the cell is 500 torr.Plasma is generated by an AC and is successfully maintained on the surface of the upper plate, while UVradiation is able to excite the phosphor, such that it does not damage the phosphor that is in the lower plate.Accordingly, the display life is extended. The barrier rib fabrication process is one of the most importantprocesses in PDP formation. The barrier rib serves not only to maintain the space between the front plateand the rear plate (Whang et al. 2005) but also to prevent cross talk among cells. Moreover, the side walls

Table 1 Benchmarks of typical flat panel displays

Advantage Disadvantage Application size

PDP Easy to scale up High driving voltage 40–100 in.

High picture quality Difficult for small pixel size

Relatively simple process

LCD Mature manufacturing technology Complex components (backlight, color filter, polarizer) 100 in. or less

Low driving voltage Limited viewing angle and operating temperature

Long life Relatively long response time

OLED High optical efficiency Relatively high manufacturing cost 40 in. or less

High picture quality Not easy to scale up

Relatively simple process

Low driving voltage

FED High picture quality Poor emission uniformity 100 in. or less

High optical efficiency Short lifetime for color FED

PDP plasma display panel, LCD liquid crystal display, OLED organic light-emitting display, FED field emission display


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of the barrier rib provide an additional surface on which phosphor is deposited, increasing the area ofphosphor. This increased area of phosphor increases the brightness. Red, green, and blue phosphors areused to produce red, green, and blue colors (Yacobi and Holt 1994). The phosphor brightness will beslightly reduced when a PDP is operating because plasma ions sputter phosphor and result in phosphordegradation. Outgas from the barrier rib and the other layers of the device may contaminate the phosphorand result in further phosphor degradation.

A protection layer is used to offer high resistance against ion bombardment to increase the operatinglifetime. In addition, this protection layer has to provide higher secondary electron emission so theoperating voltage can be reduced (Andoh et al. 1976). Furthermore, the high transparency of this layer isalso important to ensure high light output. The dielectric layer is required for AC operation and providescapacitance, whereas the electrodes provide the energy to discharge the gas. The dielectric layer in thefront plate must have a smooth surface and be bubble-free so that the film surface during the protectionlayer fabrication process is smooth. Additionally, this layer must have high transparency and be aneffective insulator so that the panel can output more light with a lower leakage current (Yokoe et al. 2001).Unlike the dielectric in the front plate, this dielectric layer in the rear plate is not required to be transparent.

The electrode in the front plate acts as a sustain electrode in the sustain period of driving operation(Choi et al. 2007) and its geometry is optimized to have the maximum open ratio and light out. It should betransparent so as not to block the emitted light. Because the conductivity of the typically transparentelectrode is not as high as that of a typical metal, an auxiliary electrode or bus electrode with a relativelysmall line width is affixed to the transparent electrode so the combined electrode conductivity is increasedwhile keeping the open ratio high. The electrode in the rear plate acts as an address electrode in the addressperiod of driving operation. Accordingly, this electrode is called the address electrode.

Characteristics of Gas Discharge

When a voltage is applied to a gas that is insufficient to ionize individual atoms, the atoms are excited tohigher levels. This reaction is called excitation. An excited atom can decay to a metastable state by theemission of radiation. This metastable atom is an excited atom with a longer life than that of a typicallyexcited atom. This reaction is called metastable atom generation. If a voltage greater than a certain voltage

Sustain auxiliary electrode Sustain electrode

Light

Light

Dielectric

DielectricProtectionlayer

Barrier rib

substrate

Substrate

Green phosphorBlue phosphorRed phosphor

Rearplate

Frontplate

Address electrode

UVUV

Plasma

Fig. 1 Structures of an elementary cell of a surface-discharge alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP)


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threshold is applied to the gas, then the atom is ionized. This reaction is called ionization. A gaseousmixture is used to provide more ionization at the applied voltage (Kruithof and Penning 1937) because ametastable atom is likely to be ionized into another species of gas atom. This gas mixture is called aPenning mixture and the mechanism is called a Penning reaction. The Penning mechanism uses energeticparticles to accelerate discharge and to reduce the firing voltage. Moreover, the firing voltage is related tothe product of the gas pressure and the distance between the cathode and the anode.

Many gas discharges have similar characteristics. Figure 2 shows a typical current–voltage plot for agas discharge (Weber 1985). In the low-voltage regime, the current is small and increases slightly withvoltage. As the applied voltage reaches a particular value, gas discharge is initiated. This voltage is calledthe firing voltage and is usually more than 100 V. As the applied voltage continues to increase, the PDPvoltage remains constant until glowing occurs, but the current increases markedly with the appliedvoltage. This regime is called Townsend discharge. If the current is not limited, the discharge willnaturally evolve to a glowing regime (subnormal/normal/abnormal glowing regime) which can besustained for a lower voltage than the firing voltage. This voltage is called the sustaining voltage. Inother words, the glowing stops when the voltage is reduced to less than the sustaining voltage. In theglowing regime, the main source of electrons is no longer the direct ionization but is the secondaryemission due to ion bombardment of the cathode. When glowing has occurred in the glowing regimes, thevoltage of the PDP drops in the subnormal glow stage, stabilizes in the normal glow stage, and increases inthe abnormal stage. This normal glowing regime is the regime in which a PDP operated. If the current isnot limited and is continuously increased, an arc occurs.

I (current)

Arc

Abnormal glow

Normal glow

Subnormal glow

Townsend discharge

Small current regime

Sustain voltage Firing voltage

V (voltage)

Fig. 2 I–V characteristics of gas discharge


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Front and Rear Plate Fabrication Processes

The PDP consists of a front plate and a rear plate, and fabrication includes assembly and aging processes.The front plate and the rear plate can be processed separately at the beginning. After these plates have beenfabricated, assembly and aging processes are initiated.

Screen printing (Reimer 1988) and photolithography are the two major approaches in both the frontplate and the rear plate of the PDP fabrication process. A screen mask, paste, and a printing machine(including squeezing) are three major components for screen printing (Sakamoto and Ogawa 1995). Theideal paste can easily pass through a screen mask when a shear force is applied to the paste. However, thepaste of the pattern becomes solid and remains still when no shear force is applied and so does not diffuseand the original size of the pattern is maintained. After the paste has been deposited, drying and firingprocesses are required. Drying removes the solvent, with the process temperature typically under150 �C. The critical aspect of the drying process is the uniformity of drying from the outer surface tothe inner core and from the edge to the center of the paste layer. The firing process is used to remove thebinder from the paste and to melt the particles. The process temperature typically exceeds 300 �C in thedebinding process and 500 �C in the firing process. The critical parts of the firing process are completeremoval of the binder and reduction of permanent deformation of the substrate in the cooling stage. Toreduce permanent deformation of the substrate that occurs during the cooling stage, step cooling in thecooling stage is used at the beginning of the cooling stage to reduce the stress.

In addition to screen printing, photolithography is used commonly in display and semiconductorprocesses. It uses a photoresist to produce a pattern. This pattern of the photoresist is used to etch thedesired material, which is deposited before photoresist formation. After the material has been etched, thephotoresist is stripped off and a desired pattern of a material layer is formed.

Soda lime glass is a commonly used PDP substrate (Dumbaugh 1992). The thickness of such asubstrate is typically 2.8 mm. The major issue concerning the PDP substrate is its thermal expansion,which is associated with the high temperature of the pastes’ (dielectric layer, barrier rib layer, phosphorlayer) firing process used in front and rear plate formation (Maeda et al. 1997). The thermal expansionmay cause an error in the image position (Ford and Veyhl 1993). Floating of soda lime glass is commonlyadopted; this is a traditional process in glass formation and is cost-effective. The substrate in the rear platetypically requires an additional exhaust hole for pumping out normal air from the panel and pumpingdischarge gas into the panel.

Front Plate Techniques

The front plate comprises substrate, electrode, dielectric, and protection layers. The major functions ofthis plate are to provide gas discharge and display an image. Figure 3 presents a typical fabrication processfor a front plate. At the beginning of the process, the sustain electrode and the sustain auxiliary electrodeare deposited and patterned on the front glass, followed by deposition of the dielectric. The last step of thefront plate fabrication is the formation of the protection layer.

The electrode in the front panel is called a discharge or a sustain/sustain auxiliary electrode, whichprovides the energy to discharge the gas and to sustain the discharge. Indium tin oxide (ITO) and SnO arethe materials that are commonly used in the transparent electrode. Since the conductivity of ITO is not ashigh as that of a typical metal, copper is commonly used as the conductive metal to increase ITOconductivity. Since copper does not easily adhere, a chromium layer is used to promote the adhesionbefore and after the copper layer has been formed. This metal electrode (Cr/Cu/Cr) on the ITO electrode is


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called the auxiliary electrode or the bus electrode (Tachibana 2006). The electrode is usually formed by aphotolithography approach.

Silica paste is commonly used in the dielectric layer. Screen printing is the typical process used tofabricate this layer. As the protection layer material, various materials such as CeO2, La2O3, and MgO areused (Urade et al. 1976). Among these materials, MgO is the most commonly used because it not only is ahigh-temperature refractory material with high secondary electron emission and high transparency but itcan also endure ion bombardment. This protection layer is typically formed by an evaporation process.

Rear Plate Techniques

The rear plate comprises substrate, electrode, dielectric, barrier rib, and phosphor layers. The majorfunctions of the rear plate are to provide a gas discharge and generate light. Figure 4 presents a typicalfabrication process for a rear plate. At the beginning of the process, the address electrode is deposited andpatterned on the rear glass, followed by deposition of the dielectric. Finally, the barrier rib and thephosphor are formed and patterned.

Silver paste is commonly used in the electrode, which is typically fabricated by screen printing or aphotosensitive-paste approach. The photosensitive-paste approach can achieve a line width as small as20 mm, whereas screen printing can only achieve 50 mm. However, screen printing remains a commonapproach for forming an address electrode because of its lower material cost and simpler process steps(Hayakawa et al. 1997). In practical use, the dielectric layer material is silica paste and the dielectric layeris typically formed by screen printing.

To reduce the difference between the gas pressure inside and outside the panel, the gas pressure of thepanel does not exceed 1 atm (760 torr) and is typically set to around 500 torr. At this gas pressure, the ribheight is about 150 mm for a typical gas mixture of neon and xenon, so a low firing voltage can beachieved. In addition, the barrier rib should be as thin as possible to make the aperture ratio larger or theresolution higher of a display cell (Ryu et al. 2007). The barrier rib material is typically silica paste and the

Front glass in

Front glass

Sustain electrodeformation

Sustain auxiliaryelectrode formation

Dielectric layerformation

Protection layerformation

Sustain electrode

Sustain auxiliary electrode

Dielectric layer

Protection layer

Fig. 3 Fabrication of the front plate


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barrier rib is typically formed by screen printing, press molding, or sandblasting. Screen printing is verycost-effective but the process time is relatively long owing to the need for multiple screen printings.Additionally, each layer interface between each printing is also critical in screen printing (Fischer-Crippset al. 1995). Press molding has a shorter process time and high position accuracy but suffers from highproduction cost. Sandblasting also has a short process time and high position accuracy. Although theproduction cost is higher than for screen printing, the comprehensive performances of sandblasting interms of position accuracy, process time, and rib-shape control are better than those of screen printing andpress molding (Fujii et al. 1992).

Unlike in a CRT, in which phosphor is excited by electrons, in a PDP, the phosphors are UV-excited(Vecht 1994) and are usually deposited by screen printing. The compositions of PDP red, green, and bluephosphors are Y0.65Gd0.35BO3:Eu, BaAl12O19:Mn, and BaMgAl14O23:Eu, respectively (Shionoya 1995).The decay times of these red, green, and blue phosphors are 9 ms, 17 ms, and less than 1 ms, respectively.Since the decay time of green phosphor, BaAl12O19:Mn, is a little longer than the decay times of red andblue phosphors, a new green phosphor of Zn2SiO4:Mn with a decay time of less than 14 ms has beendeveloped. The degradation of the blue phosphor, BaMgAl14O23:Eu, is caused by oxidation of europiumduring the panel fabrication process (Kajiyama et al. 2007; Ushirozawa 2000; Zhang 2005). In addition tothe decay time of the green phosphors and the degradation of the blue phosphor, the color purity of the redphosphor, Y0.65Gd0.35BO3:Eu, is insufficient (Tanner et al. 1995; Greer et al. 1994). These phosphorsneed to be further improved.

Assembly and Aging Techniques

Assembly involves sealing layer formation, panel alignment, sealing, and gas filling. In the assemblyprocess, the front plate and the rear plate are bound into a display panel with precise alignment, vacuum-tight sealing, and a cleaned cell (Reisman 1978). Following assembly, an aging process is required to

Rear glass

Rear glass in

Address electrodeformation

Dielectric layerformation

Barrier ribformation

Phosphor layerformation

Address electrode

Dielectric layer

Barrier rib

Red phosphor

Blue phosphor

Green phosphor

Fig. 4 Fabrication of the rear plate


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expose defects and stabilize the quality of the display (Moine and Bizarri 2007). At the beginning of theassembly process, a sealing layer is deposited onto the surrounding area of the rear plate. Glass frits orglass powder (Roth 1966) is the typical sealing layer material used in a PDP. It is used to perform vacuum-tight sealing and does not outgas after the sealing process. Additionally, this material must also have a lowmelting point, and its thermal expansion must be compatible with that of a glass substrate. After thesealing layer has been deposited, the front and rear plates are aligned and then sealed. The major challengein the alignment is a shift during high-temperature sealing. The front plate and the rear plate are typicallyclamped and fixed using clippers so that they do not shift during sealing. The sealing process melts thematerial of the sealing layer so it binds the front plate to the rear plate permanently (Alpha 1976). The gasgiven off during the sealing process can contaminate the surface and protection layers of the display cell.Because of the thermal characteristics of the glass frits and glass powder, the sealing is typicallyperformed at a high temperature of typically 450 �C.

After sealing is completed, evacuating the panel is the next step. Since impurities of H2, O2, N2, CO2,and CO can increase the operating voltage and decrease the brightness of the panel, a chemical getter isusually used to assist the vacuum pump and adsorb the impurities such as H2, O2, N2, CO2, and CO (Zenget al. 1995; Clugston and Collins 1994). After a vacuum of 10�7 torr has been reached, the display cell isfilled with the purge gas, which is then evacuated to clean the display cell. After the purging has beencompleted, the display cell is filled with display gas and the exhaust tube is tipped off. Neon and xenon arethe gases that are typically used as display gases. The amount of each gas as a percentage of the total gasmixture pressure is very important since it determines the UV intensity, the required discharge voltage,and the discharge efficiency (Jang et al. 2007; Oversluizen et al. 2002). Tipping off is the process ofcutting off and isolating the inside and outside of the panel using a tip end. A preliminary tip-off process istypically needed to evacuate the desorbed contaminants so that only very little given-off gas is left insidethe panel. Finally, aging is performed. Defects or contamination on the MgO surface, dielectric, andelectrode is revealed during the aging process (Park et al. 2006a). A defect of an electrode can be open,short, or anything in between. Additionally, aging can stabilize the operating voltage and reduce theoperating voltage since it can polish or smoothen the MgO surface, move surface contamination fromMgO at the discharge site, adsorb some gases onto the MgO surface, and emit some gases from the MgOsurface (Pleshko 1981; Byrum 1975; Aboelfotoh 1981).

System Techniques

The basic circuits for an AC PDP consist of a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit, and a scan/data driving circuit. A PDP is driven by a scan/data driving circuit, the signal processing circuit provides avideo signal to the panel, and the power supply circuit provides power to the whole system. In addition tothe basic circuits and the driving function, an energy recovery circuit is also usually used in an AC PDP tocollect and reuse the energy so PDP power can be saved (Mas et al. 2000; Choi et al. 2001). In this circuit,a capacitor is used to store the energy and an inductor is used for conduction and to protect the circuitduring AC operation. When this circuit is used, energy can be effectively collected and reused.

There are several issues regarding PDPs which need to be solved, such as false contours, imagesticking, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and infrared interference (IRI). A false contour possiblyarises between adjacent pixels when a moving picture is displayed (Mikoshiba 1995; Koura et al. 1998;Yamaguchi et al. 1996). Image sticking can occur when a static image is displayed for up to tens ofminutes (Tae et al. 2007; Park et al. 2006b). These false contour and image sticking effects influence theimage quality in a PDP. Many approaches have been proposed to reduce the false contours (Zhuet al. 1997; Ryeom et al. 1998) and the image sticking (Lee et al. 2004). An electromagnetic wave is


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associated with the PDP electronic circuits and the PDP and an infrared wave is typically generated fromthe red phosphor of the PDP. The EMI and IRI effects possibly interfere with remote controls for otherappliances when a PDP is used. To reduce these EMI and IRI effects, additional filter glass is usuallyrequired to provide EMI shielding and IRI blocking (Zagdoun et al. 2004).

Cell Operation Mechanism

To drive a PDP cell, it is important to understand the cell operation mechanism. For a PDP display cell,when the first applied voltage of each frame is less than the firing voltage, the cell cannot discharge evenwhen the applied voltage exceeds the sustaining voltage. When a voltage above the firing voltage isapplied, the gas in the cell is discharged into positive ions and negative ions. The dielectric layer coveringthe electrodes is then charged with the electrons and ions of the plasma. This stored charge leads to avoltage with opposite polarity in comparison with the applied voltage, so the discharge will rapidly stop(typically after 20 ns). This capacitive voltage is crucial for the following sustain period of the celloperation. Indeed in the next half cycle of the applied AC signal, the capacitive voltage will be added tothe applied voltage so that firing conditions can be reached with a lower applied voltage: the sustainingvoltage. These positive ions and negative ions recombine and generate UV radiation. Once the gas hasbeen discharged, the applied voltage need not exceed the firing voltage but need only exceed thesustaining voltage. However, the electrical polarity must alternate so that the discharge can continue.To proceed to the end stage of each frame, the cell must erase the discharge using a low voltage withpolarity opposite that of the existing electricity. The discharge is then gradually reduced. Eventually, thedischarge in the cell is completely erased (Hirakawa et al. 1998).

Driving Techniques

Although many modulation approaches such as address display separation (ADS) and address withdisplay can be used in a PDP (Uchidoi et al. 1996), ADS is the most used approach owing to its relativelysimple waveform and circuit. In the ADS approach, each field has many subfields and the desired graylevels govern the numbers of subfields. The driving waveform of each subfield comprises an addressperiod and a sustain period, which occur sequentially, as presented in Fig. 5 (Kojima et al. 1979).

The lengths of the address periods are the same, whereas the lengths of the sustain periods differ amongthe subfields. A typical address period comprises erasing, priming, erasing, and writing subperiods(Mikoshiba 1999). The first erasing is to clean all data in the display. Then, priming with a higher voltageis used to generate a discharge. When priming is activated, energetic particles are generated and help toaccelerate discharge and reduce the firing voltage. The priming function is typically designed at thebeginning of the driving waveform so that it can cause gas discharge and generate plasma before thewriting period. Although the discharge stops after the priming period, residual ions remain present in thepanel. These residual ions reduce the required duration in the writing period. This mechanism offers agreat advantage in high-speed addressing operations of PDPs. After priming has been done, erasing isperformed again. These three actions are designed to have clean data with residual ions of the panel andprovide a condition of shorter required writing time for the following writing subperiod. The length of thewriting subperiod is determined by the time required for each scan line and the number of scan lines in thedisplay panel. For a writing time of 2 ms for each scan line and for the video graphics array format of thedisplay panel with a scan line number of 480, the writing subperiod is around 1ms for each subfield. Sincethe gray levels are determined by the length of the sustain period, various sustain periods in each subfield


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generate various gray levels. The sustain periods in the subfields are typically arranged as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,64, and 128 units of time so gray levels from 0 to 255 (256 gray levels) can be achieved.

Conclusions and Directions for Future Research

An AC PDP with surface discharge is commonly adopted in PDP formation owing to its longer devicelife. In the device, plasma is generated by an AC and is successfully maintained on the surface of the upperplate, while UV radiation remains to excite phosphor. This cell structure of a display cell provides betterprotection of phosphor from damage, so the life of display panel is extended. ADS is the most usedapproach for driving owing to its relatively simple waveform and circuit. In the ADS approach, thedriving waveform comprises a sequential address period and sustain period, whereas the display cell isselected during the address period and is displayed in the sustain period.

Although the brightness and lifetime have been improved significantly over the last few decades,reduction of the driving voltage and the effects of false contours and image sticking still need to beresearched further. Additionally, reduction of the decay time of the green phosphors and the degradationof the blue phosphor as well as improvement of the color purity of the red phosphor are also future goalsfor the phosphors.

Further Reading

Aboelfotoh MO (1981) Aging characteristics of AC plasma display panels. IEEE Trans Electron DevicesED-28(6):645

Alpha JW (1976) Glass sealing technology for displays. Opt Laser Technol 259Andoh S, Murase K, Umeda S (1976) Discharge-time lag in a plasma display-selection of protection layer

(g Surface). IEEE Trans Electron Devices 23(3):319

Sub-field (SF)

Address period

Address pulse

Scan pulse

Scan Line

1, 2, 3,....

Address electrode

(Rear plate electrode)

electrode 1

electrode 2

(Front plate electrode 1)

(Front plate electrode 2)

Sustain

Sustain

Sustain period

Sustain pulse

Erasing

Priming

WritingErasing

Fig. 5 Driving waveform of an AC PDP


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Byrum BW Jr (1975) Surface aging mechanisms of AC plasma display panels. IEEE Trans ElectronDevices ED-22(9):685

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Plasma Display Panels · 2017-08-28 · Handbook of Visual Display Technology DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35947-7_74-2 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 ... of the barrier rib provide