Butterfly Garden EssentialsButterflies need sun, water, a food source (nectar), and a host plant to lay eggs on:

1. Nectar Plants: Perennials, Trees, Shrubs, Vines & Annuals depending on the species you would like to attract.

2. Water: Bird baths, puddles, ponds, watergardens, streams.

3. A Host Plant to Lay Eggs: This will depend on the type of butterfly you are trying to at-tract (i.e. Monarchs/Milkweed, Cooper/Sheep Sorrel, Painted Ladys will lay eggs on verbena, snapdragons, hollyhock and even thistles.

4. Colorful Plants: Butterflies love purples, pinks, yellows and other pastel colors (they are less attracted to vibrant colors such as reds or blues).

P.O. Box 1, Williams, OR 97544 Phone: 541-846-7269 Web: www.forestfarm.com Fax: 541-846-6963 E-mail: plants@forestfarm.com

Brightly colored butterflies can be a welcome addition to your garden, not only because of the elegance, beauty, and interest they will add, but also because of their usefulness in pollinating flowers .

It’s easy to attract single species by planting any of the trees, shrubs, vines, or perennials from the lists below. Attracting a wide range of species involves di-verse plantings that provide the needs of all life stages of the butterfly. They will need places to lay eggs, food plants for their larvae (caterpillars), places to form chrysalides and a nectar sources for adults.

TreesOne way to invite butterflies to your garden is to plant flowering trees. The adults will visit and dine on the nectar, carrying away pollen with them and pol-linating other trees as they go.

Trees Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureAcer (Maple) W. Swallowtail z6 S-PSh/MAlnus spp (Alder) Green Comma (E), W. Swallowtail z3-7 S/M-WBetula spp (Birch) Tiger Swallowtail, Crescents z3-7 S/M-WColocedrus sp (Incense Cedar) Nelsons Hairstreak (W) z5 S/M-DCeltis spp (Hackberry) Emperor (sev.), Snout (E) z4-6 S/MCornus spp (Dogwood) Spring Azure z3-7 S-PSh/MCrataegus spp (Hawthorn) x Swallowtail (W) z4-6 S/MJuniperus virginiana (E. Red Cedar) Olive Hairstreak (E) z4 S/M-D/GDrLiriodendron (Tulip Tree) Tiger Swallowtail z5 S/MMalus spp (Apple, etc) Tiger Swallowtail, Red Spotted Purple (E), Lorquin’s Admiral

(W), Hairstreak, Br. Elfinz4-5 S/M

Populus spp (Aspen, Cottonwood) Swallowtails, Viceroy, Morning Cl, Lorquins’s Admiral (W) z3-4 S/M-WPrunus spp (Cherry, etc.) x Tiger Swallowtail, bl. Emperor (E), White Admiral (E),

Lorquin’s Admiral (W)z4-7 S/M/GDr

Quercus spp (Oaks) Calif. Sister, Hairstreak (W), Gr. Blue, Banded Hairstreak (E) z3-7 S/M-DRobinia (Locusts) Silver Skipper z4-6 S/M-DSassafras albidum Green Swallowtail (E) z5 S/MTilia spp (Linden/Basswood x z3-5 S/MUmus spp (Elm) Angelwings, Green Comma (E), Red Adimiral z5-7 S/M

Shrubs & VinesPlanting shrubs & vines of varying mature heights will provide many layers of food, nectar and habitat.

Shrubs & Vines Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureAmorpha spp (Lead Plant) Doghead Yellow z5 S/M-DAristolochia spp (Pipe vine) Blue Swallowtail (SE) z5-8 S-PSh/MBuddleia (Butterfly Bush) x z5 S/M

“A Monarch will respond when its feet touch a sugar solution with only one part of sugar for 120,400 parts of water. Its feet are more than 2000 times as sensitive as the human tounge.” (Butterflies & Moths, D. H. Patent)

Monarch Butterfly

Plants for Butterflies

Shrubs & Vines Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureCalluna (Summer Heather) x z5 S/M/AcicCaryopteris (Blue Mist) x z5 S/M-DCeanothus spp x Cal. tortoise Shell, Hairstreak, Spr. Azure, Br. Elfin, Swallowtail z4-8 S/M-D/GDrCephalanthus o. (Buttonbush) x z4 S/M-WChoisya (Mexican Orange) x z7 S-PSh/M-DCistus spp (Rockrose) x z7-78 S/M-DClethra spp (Summer Sweet) x-esp Q. M.? (E), Swallowtail (E), R. S. Purple (E) z4 S-PSh/M-WErica (Spring Heath) x z6 S/M/AcidHibiscus syiac. (Rose of Sharon) x z5 S/MHumulus lupulus (Hops) x-esp Angelwings, Comma (E), Red Admiral, Comma, Green

Hairstreak, Skippers)z3 S/M

Lavandula spp (Lavender) x z5-6 S/M-DLeucothoe (Sierra Laurel) x z5 S-PSh/M-WLigustrum spp (Privet) x-esp Painted Lady, spr. Azure, Red Spotted Purple z4-7 S/M-DLindera spp (Spicebush) x-esp Green Swallowtail (E), Spring Azure z4-8 S/MLonicera spp (Honeysuckle) x-eps Checkerspot, Swallowtails z4-7 S-Psh/MPassiflora (Passion Vine) Fritillary (E) z8 S/MPhiladelphus spp (Mock Orange) x z3-6 S/MPotentilla x Ediths Cpr, Skipper, Purple Copper z3 S/MRhamnus spp (Buckthorn) California Tortoise Shell (W), Swallowtail z4-7 S/M-DRhododendron spp (Azalea) Zephyr, Angelwing, Grey Comma (E) z2-7 S-PSh/M/AcidRibes spp (Gooseberry, Currant) Grey Comma (E), Coppers, Zephyr Angelwing, Tailed Copper z5-8 S-PSh/MRosmarinus (Rosemary) x z6-7 S-/M-D/GDrRubus spp (Berries, Brambles) x z3-9 S-Sh/M-DSalix spp (Willow) Mourning Cloak, Comma (E), Swallowtails, Viceroy, Admirals,

Hairstreaks, Tortoise Shellz2-7 S/M-W

Spiraea spp (Spirea) x-esp Spring Azure, Red Spotted Purple z4-6 S-PSh/M-WSyringa (Lilac) x-esp Tiger Swallowtail, Monarch, Tortoise-shell, Swallowtails,

Painted Lady, Red Spotted Purplez3-5 S/M

Vaccinium (Blueberry) Spring Azure, M. copper z3-7 S-PSh/M-WVibunum x Spring Azure z3-8 S-PSh/MVitex (Chaste Tree) x z7 S/M-DWisteria Skipper z5-6 S/M

PerennialsPerennials are pleasing, easy care and reliable plants that come up year after year to offer butterflies food and cover nearly year round. Below is just a sampling of the many perennials that will bring butterflies to your yard.

Perennials Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureAchillea (Yarrow) x z4 S/M-DAthaca (Hollyhock) W. Coast Lady (W) z4 S/M bien.Arabis (Rock Cress) Orange Tip, Marble (W) z5 S/MArmeria (Thrift) x z5 S/MAsarum (Ginger) Blue Swallowtail (E) z-5-7 PSh-Sh/MAsclepias (Butterfly Flower) x Regal Fritillary (E), Monarch z4 S/M-DAster x Checkerspots, Field Crescent, Painted Lady, West Coast Lady z3-5 S/MAstilbe x-esp Monarch, Painted Lady z5 PSh/M-WAubrieta x z5 S/M-DBaptisia (False Indigo) x z5 S/M/GDrCatanche (Cupids Dart) x-esp Viceroy, Painted Lady, Great Spangled Frittilary z5 S/M-DCentaurea (Corn Flower) x z5 S/M-DCentranthus (Jupiter’s Beard) x-esp Buckeye, Painted Lady, Tortoise-shell, G. Frittilary z5 S/M-D

“...butterflies like flow-ers that grow in clusters or which have a strong, wide lower petal (where they can land). Butterfly flowers have nectar hidden inside of long tubes where most insects cannot reach it” (Butterflies & Moths, H. Patent)

“What the caterpillar calls the end of the world the master calls a butterfly.”

~Richard Bach

Butterflies & Pesticides?Insecticides don’t discriminate between harmful and beneficial insects. This is because they are designed to kill any insect that comes into contact with them. We would recommend that you overlook minor damage to your plants. If you must use something, safe soap insecti-cide will still kill pests but are not persistent.

Please keep in mind that but-terflies come from caterpillars. Caterpillars eat leaves. If you kill all the caterpillars, where will the butterflies come from?

Swallowtail Caterpillar

P.O. Box 1, Williams, OR 97544 Phone: 541-846-7269 Web: www.forestfarm.com Fax: 541-846-6963 E-mail: plants@forestfarm.com

Perennials Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureCheiranthus (Wallflower) x-esp Spring Butterflies z6 S/MChelone (Obedient Plant) Checkerspot, Baltimore (E) z5 S/M-WChrysanthemum (Daisy) x-esp Tortoise-shell, Mourning Cloak, Red Admiral z5 S/MChrysothamnus (Rabbitbrush) Checkerspots (E) z4-5 S/D/GDrCoreopsis x-esp Red Admiral, Viceroy, Hairstreak z5 S/MCrambe x-esp Tortoise-shell, Mourning Cloak, Painted Lady z7 S/MDianthus (Sweet William, etc.) x-esp Painted Lady, Swallowtails z4-6 S/MDecentra (Bleeding Heart) Clodius parnassian (W) z5-6 PSh-Sh/MEchinacea (Purple Cone Flower) x z5 S/MEchinops (Globe Thistle) x z6 S/M-D/GDrErigeron (Fleabane Daisy) x Elfin, Blues, Hairstreaks, Coppers z5 S/MEriogonum (Sulfur Flower) x Coppers, Hairstreaks, Metalmark (W) z5 S/M-D/GDrEryngium (Sea Holly) x z6 S/M-D/GDrEupatorium (Joe-Pye Weed) x-esp Painted Lady, Great Spangled Frittilary, Monarch, Swallowtail z4-6 S/M-WGaillardia (Blanket Flower) x-esp Comma, Painted Lady, Red Admiral, QM?, Viceroy z5 S/M-DGrasses Ringlets, Skippers, Wood NymphHelenium (Helens Flower) x z3-6 S/M-WHemerocallis (Daylily) x z4 S-PSh/M/GDrHesperis (Sweet Rocket) x-esp Painted Lady, Swallowtails, Monarch z5 S/MIberis (Candytuft) x z5 S/M-D/GDr Kniphofia (Red Hot Poker) x z5 S/M/GDrLiatris (Blazing Star) x z5 S/MLupinus (Lupine) x Blues z5 S/MLysimachia (Gooseneck) x-esp Swallowtails, Viceroy, Monarch z5-6 S-PSh/M-WLythrum (Loosestrife) x z3 S/M-WMalva (Mallow) x West Coast Lady (W), Hairstreak, Skipper z5 S/MMimulus (Monkey Flower) Checkerspot (W), Buckeye z5-6 S/M-WMonarda (Bee Balm) x z5 S/M-WNepeta (Catmint) x z5-6 S/M/GDrPenstemon Buckeye z4-6 S/M-D/GDrPhlox, Summer (P. paniculata) x-esp Tiger Swallowtail, Red Admiral, Viceroy z5 S/MPhlox, Spring (P. stolonifera) x-esp Small spring butterflies z6 PSh/MPrunella (Self Heal) x z5 S/MRudbeckia (Gloriosa Daisy) x-esp Silvery Blue, Monarch, Swallowtails, Viceroy, G. Spangled Frit. z5-6 S/MSalvia (Sage) x-esp Buckey, Red Admiral, Silvery Blue, Monarch, Viceroy,

Swallowtail, Frittilaryz5-8 S/M-D/GDr

Sangusorba (Burnet) x-esp Tortoise-shell, Comma, Skipper, Gr. Hairstreak z4-5 S-PSh/M-DScabiosa (Pincushion Flower) x z5-6 S/MSedum x-esp Moss Elfin (W), Buckeye, Parnassian, Comma, M. Tortoise-

shell, Painted Lady, Red Admiralz4-5 S/M-D

Solidago (Goldenrod) x Regal Frittilary (E) z5 S/MSolidaster x-esp Viceroy, Comma, Painted Lady, Silvery Blue z5 S/MStachys (Betony) x z4-5 S-PSh/MThalictrum (Meadow Rue) x-esp Swallowtails z5 PSh/MVerbena x Buckeye z7-8 S/MViola (Violets) Frittilary, Silverspot z4-8 PSh/MYucca Giant Skipper z5-7 S/M-D/GDr

“Butterflies need an occasional drink of water...In fact, small flocks of swallow-tails, skipper, blues and sulphurs often gather together to form ‘drinking clubs’. But butterflies cannot drink from open water...What is need is a sunny damp spot.... A small plastic basin , buried in the soil and filled with sand or earth, should work” (The Butterfly Garden, J. Sendenko)

Skipper

Viceroy

Comma

Mourning Cloak

Red Spotted Purple

P.O. Box 1, Williams, OR 97544 Phone: 541-846-7269 Web: www.forestfarm.com Fax: 541-846-6963 E-mail: plants@forestfarm.com

Butterfly Books & Resources Some books to which you might refer for more details include:

American Butterflies, by C. MatschatButterflies & Moths, by D. H. PatentButterfly Magic, by K. Sndved & M. EmsleyThe Butterfly Garden, by J. Sendenko

Annuals & WeedsEnjoyed by butterflies but, not available at Forestfarm, especially not the weeds!

Annuals & Weeds Nectar Larval Food Zone Plant CultureAgeratum x-esp Milbert’s Tortoise-shell, Red AdmiralCarrot Family SwallowtailCosmos xDianthus (Pinks, Sweet William) xIberis (Candytuft) x-esp White Admiral, Silvery Blue, Spring AzureLantana x-esp Gulf Frittilary, Monarch, Spicebush SwallowtailMarigold x-esp Tortoise-shell, West Coast LadyMustard Family x-esp Sara’s Orange TipMyosotis (Forget-Me-Not) xNettle Red AdmiralPetunia xThistle Checkerspot, Painted LadyThithonia x-esp MonarchTropaeolum (Nasturtium) x-esp Painted Lady, White AdmiralLobularia (Sweet Alyssum) x-esp Spring Azure, Silvery Blue, Sulphur, SkippersZinnia x-esp Painted Lady, White Admiral, West Coast Lady

Did you know?The buckeye is pugnacious, and will drive other insects away from the fine blossoms that it chooses for itself. Belonging mainly to the tropics, it ranges as far north as Massachusetts (& Oregon).

Butterflies gain “irridescence from the structure of each individual scale. The surface of each scale consists of laminations which are about one thousandth of a millimeter apart...The surface of the scale is coarsely ridged to enable the color to be seen from a wide range of angles.” (Butterfly Magic, K. Sndved & M. Emsley)

“The caterpillars of the Tiger Swallowtail have heads which look like those of snakes. The scent organs are forked, and when they are shot out by the caterpillar, as it thrashes back and forth, its snakelike look is really startling.” (American Butterflies, C. Matschat)

“The butterfly has huge eyes, bulging globes made up of as many as 36,000 individ-ual tiny units, each with its own input to the brain. With these eyes, a butterfly can see in all directions around it except directly underneath its body. It can see colors as well, including the ultraviolet rays which are invisible to our eyes. Only some but-terflies can see red, however.” (Butterflies & Moths, D. H. Patent)

Red-banded Hairstreak

Spicebush Swallowtail

Buckeye

Spring Azure

Tortoise-shell