Plants“Flowers”

Plants“Flowers”

6th Grade Science

4th Quarter

6.L.1

6th Grade Science

4th Quarter

6.L.1

The Plant Kingdom

• This kingdom has organisms that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own food, and don’t physically move from one place to another.

Plants: Grouped by characteristics

• Vascular– Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves

• Roots can be different sizes:– Fibrous and tap roots

• Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips

– Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.

• Nonvascular– Simple; most grow in moist places– No vascular tissues.

What do plants do?• All plants are alike in one way.

– They need three things in order to survive• Water• carbon dioxide• energy from sunlight

– What do you suppose the plants use these things for?

Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences

The Plant Kingdom

• Photosynthesis

• Plant Cell

• Parts of a Flower

• SOL Released Test Items

• Vascular

• Non-Vascular

Photosynthesis

• Plant cells produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis allows plants to convert light energy into food energy.

Photosynthesis• process by which CO2

and H2O in the presence of light are converted to sugar and oxygen

• https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4

Chemical formula • 6CO2 + 6H2O

• -----> in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll ------>

• C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/pla

nts/photosynthesis.htm

food• manufactured in the leaves

moves downward through the stem to the roots–used by the plant

–stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of sugar, starch or protein.

They turn it into sugar!photosynthesis – a process by which plants change light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar

Plants and some protists

conduct photosynthesis.

PhotosynthesisA movie of photosynthesis

chlorophyll – the green substance found in plants that traps energy from the sun and gives plants their green color

carbon dioxide – a gas found in air

As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released

When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon dioxide are released.

Plant Cell

nucleus

cell wall

cell membrane

vacuoles

chloroplasts

cytoplasm

– Because of this process• Scientists are able to classify living things

by the way they get their food.– Plants are producers (autotrophs)

producer – it is a living thing that uses sunlight to make sugar. This sugar feeds others.

Respiration• plants respire 24 hours a day• Plants usually give off more O2.• consume some O2 and give off

some CO2• plants produce more O2 through

ps. Than they consume during respiration and growth.

Resipiration

• Humans will use most of the oxygen given off by plants and they will release CO2.

• Plants in return use the CO2 during photosynthesis

• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/carbon-cycle.htm

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Food accumulated Food broken down

Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy of glucose released

Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off

Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in

Produces glucose Produces carbon dioxide and water

Goes on only in light Goes on day and night

Occurs only in the presence of chlorophyll

Occurs in all living cells

• Leaves have an epidermis with a waxy cuticle and stomata that help prevent water loss. Guard cells that surround and control the size of the opening in stomata. The loss of water through the stomata is called transpiration. The opening and closing of guard cells regulate transpiration.

Plants are classified by characteristics.

Plants that make seeds Plants that do not make seeds

Flowering Plants

Conifers Ferns Mosses

Plants reproduce differently

Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”

a protective covering that surrounds the seed

anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.

carries water and food to the rest of the plant.

makes the plant's food.

makes seeds.

How Do Flowers Make Seeds and Fruits?

Great Plant Escape- Plant partsOvary – the bottom

part of the pistil in which seeds form

Ovule - the inner part of an ovary that contains an egg

embryo – tiny part of a seed that can grow into a new plant

How Seeds Form

• After fertilization the flower dries up and petals fall off, leaving just the pistil and its ovary.

• The top of the pistil falls off and the ovary gets larger as one or more seeds form inside it.

• When the seeds are formed, the ovary dries up and the seeds fall out.

• Corn, Beans, and Peas are seeds that we eat

• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/plant-with-seeds.htm

How Fertilization Occurs

• When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.

Fertilization – the combination of sperm from a pollen grain with an egg to form a seed

How Pollination Occurs• Butterflies may carry pollen from

the stamen of one flower to the pistil of the the same flower. Sometimes the butterfly may carry pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower of the same kind.

• Pollen: Nothing to Sneeze At• https://www.brainpop.com/science/

cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/ Pollination- the movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil

Some flowering plants are

dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food

monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf

What is the Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant

• Dormant Seed– Takes in water and the seed coat

gets soft. If the seed has enough oxygen and the right temperature, it will begin to germinate.

– https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/plantgrowth/

dormant – the resting stage of a seed

Germination

• A series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed is called germination.

Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33

• Seeds will not germinate until environmental conditions are right.

• https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/

Germination

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• Temperature, the presence or absence of light, availability of water, and amount of oxygen present can affect germination.

Germination

• Germination begins when seed tissues absorb water.

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• This causes the seed to swell and the seed coat to break open.

• Next, a series of chemical reactions occurs that releases energy from the stored food in the cotyledons or endosperm for growth.

Germination• Eventually, a root grows from the seed,

followed by a stem and leaves.

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• Geminating Seed – First a root pushes through the

seed coat and grows downward.– The top part of the root grows

upward and becomes the stem. The stem carries the seed coat and the seed leaves with it. The seed coat falls off. The seed leaves provide food for the plant. Two small leaves begin to grow from between the seed leaves.

• Seedling

When the stored food within the original seed leaves

is used up, they dry up and drop off. More leaves

grow from buds on the stem as the plant grows taller.

The new leaves can trap energy from sunlight and

make sugar. Plants use the energy in the

sugar to grow.

https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/

Seeds• A seed consists of

an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat.

• The embryo has structures that eventually will produce the plant’s stem, leaves, and roots.

Seed ReproductionSeed Reproduction33

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The Flower

• Most flowers have four main parts—petals, sepals, stamen, and pistil.

Seed Development• Seeds of land plants are capable of surviving

unfavorable environmental conditions.

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1. Immature plant

2. Cotyledon(s)

3. Seed coat4. Endosperm

Seed Dispersal

• Plants have many ways of dispersing their seeds.

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• Most seeds grow only when they are placed on or in soil.

• They fall onto the soil from the parent plant on which they grew.

Seed Dispersal• In nature some seeds can be spread great distances from the

parent plant.

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• Wind dispersal • usually occurs

because a seed has an attached structure that moves it with air currents.

Seed Dispersal

• Animals can disperse many seeds.

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• Some seeds are eaten with fruits, pass through an animal’s digestive system, and are dispersed as the animal moves from place to place.

• Attaching to fur, feathers, and clothing is another way that seeds are dispersed by animals.

Seed Dispersal

• Water also disperses seeds.

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• Raindrops can knock seeds out of a dry fruit.

• Some fruits and seeds float on flowing water or ocean currents.

Importance of Flowers

• The appearance of a plant’s flowers can tell you something about the life of the plant.

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• Large flowers with brightly colored petals often attract insects and other animals.

Importance of Flowers• As they move about the flower, the animals

get pollen on their wings, legs, or other body parts.

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• Later, these animals spread the flower’s pollen to other plants that they visit.

Importance of Flowers• Other flowers depend on wind, rain, or gravity to

spread their pollen.

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• Their petals can be small or absent.

Parts of a plant• Four basic parts

–leaves

–stems

–roots

–Flowers– http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/

science/plants/flowers.htm

What Are the Parts of a Flower

• Most flowers have four parts

– Flower parts

Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green

Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds

Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen

Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg

Parts of a Flower

Male Parts

Female Parts

Parts of a Flower

Male Parts

Female Parts

The stamen consists of two parts: the anther and the filament.The filament holds the anther.The anther produces and carries the pollen.

Parts of a Flower

Male Parts

Female Parts

The pistil consists of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary.The stigma is the sticky part that traps and holds the pollen.The style is the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.The ovary and the ovule are at the bottom of the style.

Parts of a Flower

Male Parts

Female Parts

The petals attract pollinators. (bees, hummingbirds, butterflies, for example)

Parts of a Flower

Male Parts

Female Parts

The sepals are the green petal-like parts at the base of the flower. Sepals help protect the developing bud.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qKWw7JcXCY

Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds

• pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize flower– beginning of fruit and seed

formation• fruits and seed are attractive to birds

who eat and spread seeds.– Reproduces plant– some seeds carried on animals coats

Parts of the Flower

• differ in size, shape, and color, some basic parts

• sepal

–green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening

Petals• are actually leaves

• usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects.

Parts of the Flower

• stamens

–male part of flower

–has two parts

•filament-stalk

Anther

• anther- sac-like structure on top of filament, contains pollen

Pistil• three parts

• stigma - top - sticky

• style - tube leading from stigma to ovary

Ovary• egg cells develop here

• grows to become fruit or seedcoat