Plants and Plants and PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

http://students.salisbury.edu/~ak09850/images/photosynthesisBASIC.jpg

PlantsPlants

Plants are made up of different parts.Plants are made up of different parts.

There are many different kinds of plants:There are many different kinds of plants: Angiosperms have flowers.Angiosperms have flowers. Mosses and liverworts don’t have a classic plant Mosses and liverworts don’t have a classic plant

structure. structure. Cacti don’t have leaves. Cacti don’t have leaves.

Plants cont’dPlants cont’d

Basic similarity is that plants produce Basic similarity is that plants produce their own energy. their own energy.

Vascular plants are a very common plant Vascular plants are a very common plant type. They have the following structures:type. They have the following structures:

RootsRoots Stems/shootsStems/shoots LeavesLeaves

Plants cont’dPlants cont’d

Have a go at drawing this plant in your Have a go at drawing this plant in your book. Make sure you label it too. Make book. Make sure you label it too. Make sure you label the 3 basic parts. sure you label the 3 basic parts.

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/basic.html

Plant parts Plant parts Write down these notes in your books.Write down these notes in your books.

Roots: are for soaking up water and minerals Roots: are for soaking up water and minerals from the ground. They also anchor the plant. from the ground. They also anchor the plant.

Stems/shoots: are support structures that Stems/shoots: are support structures that transport food and water. transport food and water.

Xylem: tubes that transport water and minerals upwards.Xylem: tubes that transport water and minerals upwards. Phloem: tubes that transport sugars downwards. Phloem: tubes that transport sugars downwards.

Leaves: are the part that does Leaves: are the part that does photosynthesis/makes energy. photosynthesis/makes energy.

PlantsPlants

I will give you a copy of the plant picture I will give you a copy of the plant picture to glue into your books. to glue into your books.

Glue it in next to or near the picture that Glue it in next to or near the picture that you drew of the plant. you drew of the plant.

Leaves and Leaves and photosynthesisphotosynthesis

We are now going to learn about leaves We are now going to learn about leaves and photosynthesis. and photosynthesis.

Leaves make energy via photosynthesis. Leaves make energy via photosynthesis. What do plants do? They grow. What do plants do? They grow. What do we as humans need to make us What do we as humans need to make us

grow? Food/energy.grow? Food/energy.

http://www.grossmont.edu/judd.curran/images/leaf.jpg

Leaves and Leaves and photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Now the question is how do plants grow?Now the question is how do plants grow? They need energy too. But plants can They need energy too. But plants can

produce their energy. produce their energy. Plants use light to convert water and Plants use light to convert water and

carbon dioxide into energy/plant carbon dioxide into energy/plant material/growth. material/growth.

This process is called photosynthesis. This process is called photosynthesis.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water + light Carbon dioxide + water + light glucose and oxygen glucose and oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O + light and chlorophyll 6CO2 + 6H2O + light and chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is glucose? It’s a type of sugar. What is glucose? It’s a type of sugar. Somewhere in the leaf this process is Somewhere in the leaf this process is happening. The part of the leaf that is happening. The part of the leaf that is responsible for this is the chloroplast (the part responsible for this is the chloroplast (the part we see as green in the leaf). we see as green in the leaf).

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisA stomataA stomata

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of a cell because of a pigment called of a cell because of a pigment called chlorophyll which traps the light.chlorophyll which traps the light.

Like I mentioned earlier the xylem transports Like I mentioned earlier the xylem transports the water to the leaf. the water to the leaf.

But where does the plant get the CO2 from? But where does the plant get the CO2 from? From the air, through a pore in the underside of From the air, through a pore in the underside of a leaf called a stomata. Also the oxygen is a leaf called a stomata. Also the oxygen is released through this same pore/stomata. released through this same pore/stomata.

http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/biobk/92462b.jpg

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

A plant gets CO2 from the air through a pore known as A plant gets CO2 from the air through a pore known as a stomata. Plants release oxygen through stomata.a stomata. Plants release oxygen through stomata.

Now photosynthesis is more complex than the equation Now photosynthesis is more complex than the equation looks, because there are also enzymes involved to looks, because there are also enzymes involved to make the reaction occur.make the reaction occur.

Basically there is one part of the reaction that requires Basically there is one part of the reaction that requires light energy to transform into chemical energy (ATP), light energy to transform into chemical energy (ATP), and that is called the light reaction, and then there is a and that is called the light reaction, and then there is a second part where enzyme reactions cause carbon second part where enzyme reactions cause carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to combine to form glucose, dioxide and hydrogen ions to combine to form glucose, and this part is the dark reaction. and this part is the dark reaction.

http://ellerbruch.nmu.edu/classes/cs255w03/cs255students/teabbott/p4/pics/leaf.jpg

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Light reaction: light energy Light reaction: light energy chemical chemical energy energy ATP and NADPH ATP and NADPH

Dark reaction: carbon dioxide and energy Dark reaction: carbon dioxide and energy glucose glucose

This is also known as the Calvin Cycle.This is also known as the Calvin Cycle.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/mitchell_sara/images/484px-Simple_photosynthesis_overview.png

VideosVideos

We are now going to look at a couple of We are now going to look at a couple of videos about photosynthesis. videos about photosynthesis.

So go back to your wiki page and follow So go back to your wiki page and follow the link to the videos. the link to the videos.

ReferencesReferences

Phillips, G et al, 2004, Sci3, Pearson Phillips, G et al, 2004, Sci3, Pearson Education Australia, Sydney. Education Australia, Sydney.

www.biology4kids.com/www.biology4kids.com/