Upload
jack-lambert
View
219
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Asteraceae/Compositae – Sunflower family Flower - Head inflorescences (inflorescence consists of florets arranged on a common receptacle) Florets are composed of a perianth (calyx + corolla), androecium, and gynoecium Pappus (calyx modified as bristles, awns, scales) Sympetalous (fused corolla) Phyllaries or involucral bracts- whorl of green bracts constituting involucre Synantherous - anthers (5 stamens) united into a tube, bicarpellate (2 carpels) with one inferior ovary and a two-branched style. Florets may be Disk florets- actinomorphic (regular); bisexual; ray or ligulate florets, situated in the center of a head Ray florets- zygomorphic (irregular); unisexual-pistillate; with a ligule Ligulate florets- zygomorphic (irregular); bisexual; with a ligule; Based on type of florets, a head inflorescence may be a Discoid head- disk florets only (e.g., Cirsium- thistle) Radiate head- disk florets in the center; ray florets around the margin (e.g., Helianthus- sunflower) Ligulate head- ligulate florets only (e.g., Pyrrhopappus- false dandelion)
Citation preview
PLANTS AND PEOPLE PLANTS AND PEOPLE Biology – 328 Biology – 328
Lab 4 – Major Families ILab 4 – Major Families I
ObjectiveTo familiarize you with vegetative and
floral morphology of 8 flowering families Asteraceae Apiaceae Brassicaceae Cucurbitaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae Rosaceae Solanaceae
Asteraceae/Compositae – Sunflower family
Flower - Head inflorescences (inflorescence consists of florets arranged on a common receptacle)
Florets are composed of a perianth (calyx + corolla), androecium, and gynoecium Pappus (calyx modified as bristles, awns, scales) Sympetalous (fused corolla) Phyllaries or involucral bracts- whorl of green bracts constituting involucre Synantherous - anthers (5 stamens) united into a tube, bicarpellate (2 carpels) with one inferior ovary and a two-branched style.
Florets may be Disk florets- actinomorphic (regular); bisexual; ray or ligulate florets, situated in the center of a head Ray florets- zygomorphic (irregular); unisexual-pistillate; with a ligule Ligulate florets- zygomorphic (irregular); bisexual; with a ligule;
Based on type of florets, a head inflorescence may be a Discoid head- disk florets only (e.g., Cirsium- thistle) Radiate head- disk florets in the center; ray florets around the margin (e.g., Helianthus- sunflower) Ligulate head- ligulate florets only (e.g., Pyrrhopappus- false dandelion)
Asteraceae/Compositae – Sunflower family
Apiaceae/Umbelliferae- Carrot and Parsley family
Leaves - Dissected and very fineFlowers - Umbellate inflorescence
(pedicel arises from a common point) Fruits - Schizocarp (dry fruit that
splits at maturity into two or more closed, one-seeded parts) Fruits posses aromatic oils
Apiaceae/Umbelliferae- Carrot and Parsley family
Brassicaceae/Cruciferae - Mustard family
Flowers Tetradynamous anthers – Out of six stamens, four are long
Fruit Silique – Made of 2 fused carpels that separate when ripe Silicle – Smaller and shorter version of silique Replum - The framework of some pods that remains after
the valves drop off
Brassicaceae/Cruciferae - Mustard family
Lamiaceae/Labiatae-Mint family
Leaf – Opposite leaf arrangement
Flower Didynamous anthers - Out of four stamens, two are long
Fruit – Cluster of 4 tiny nutlets
Lamiaceae/Labiatae-Mint family
Lilaceae – Onion family
Rosaceae – Rose familyFlowers represent three subfamilies
Subfamily
Ovary Carpels
Fruit Examples
Prunoideae Superior Simple pistil
Drupe cherries, peaches, plums, nectarines, apricots, pluots, almonds
Maloideae Inferior 2-5 Pome apples, pears, quinces.
Rosoideae Superior Many simple pistil
Drupelet/achene
rose hip, blackberry or raspberry
Rosaceae – Rose family
Solanaceae – Nightshade, tomato, and pepper family
Flower Actinomorphic/regular Connivent androecium (ends inclined toward
each other) Poricidal dehiscence (pollen released though
pores) Wandering placenta (Tomato)
Solanaceae – Nightshade, tomato, and pepper family
CUCURBITACEAE- Cucumber, melon, and squash family
Flower Monoecious (male and female in separate flowers but
within the same plant) Presence of nectary disks in both male and female
flowers
Fruit Pepo Parietal placentation
Summary
Today’s Lab Familiarizing vegetative and floral
morphology of 8 flowering families
Next week’s labQuiz Field Trip: Mid-valley cotton gin