PlantsPlants

77thth grade grade

Types of PlantsTypes of Plants

Common Traits:Common Traits: Plants make their own foodPlants make their own food Plant cells have cell walls outside of their Plant cells have cell walls outside of their

cell membranescell membranes Plants reproduce with a 2 part life cyclePlants reproduce with a 2 part life cycle

produces spores – sporophyteproduces spores – sporophyte sex-cell producing phase – gametophytesex-cell producing phase – gametophyte

Types of PlantsTypes of Plants

2 main groups of plants2 main groups of plants

1. Nonvascular – have no vessels to 1. Nonvascular – have no vessels to transport materials through the plant (ex. transport materials through the plant (ex. mosses, liverworts)mosses, liverworts)

2. Vascular – have vessels to transport 2. Vascular – have vessels to transport materials through the plant materials through the plant

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Some do not produce seedsSome do not produce seeds ex. ferns, club mossex. ferns, club moss produce spores – small reproductive produce spores – small reproductive

cell that can develop into adult without cell that can develop into adult without fusing to a cellfusing to a cell

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

plants that produce seedsplants that produce seeds seeds, but not flowers – gymnospermsseeds, but not flowers – gymnosperms reproduce seeds in flowers – angiospermsreproduce seeds in flowers – angiosperms

annuals – plants that complete life cycle in 1 annuals – plants that complete life cycle in 1 growing season and then die (corn, petunias)growing season and then die (corn, petunias)

biennials – plants that complete life cycle in 2 biennials – plants that complete life cycle in 2 growing seasonsgrowing seasons

perennials - plants that live through many perennials - plants that live through many growing seasons and produce reproductive growing seasons and produce reproductive structures each year (trees) structures each year (trees)

Needs of PlantsNeeds of Plants

1. Soil1. Soil Provides minerals and nutrientsProvides minerals and nutrients Anchors the plantAnchors the plant Holds water around itHolds water around it Contains Contains humushumus – partially or totally – partially or totally

decayed plants and animalsdecayed plants and animals Best blend – sand, silt, clay and humusBest blend – sand, silt, clay and humus

Needs of PlantsNeeds of Plants

2. Water2. Water Necessary for photosynthesisNecessary for photosynthesis 80% to 90% of plant’s weight 80% to 90% of plant’s weight

3. Sun3. Sun Helps manufacture foodHelps manufacture food Helps plants growHelps plants grow

Needs of PlantsNeeds of Plants

4. Air4. Air Clean airClean air Carbon dioxide in photosynthesisCarbon dioxide in photosynthesis

5. Space to grow5. Space to grow

6. Temperature6. Temperature

Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants

3 categories of nonvascular plants3 categories of nonvascular plants

1. mosses1. mosses

2. liverworts2. liverworts

3. hornworts3. hornworts

Mosses and LiverwortsMosses and Liverworts Lack sturdy stems Lack sturdy stems Small and grow close to the groundSmall and grow close to the ground Absorb water through diffusion and Absorb water through diffusion and

osmosisosmosis Usually live in large groupsUsually live in large groups Parts:Parts:

Stem = Stem = SetaSeta Roots = Roots = RhizoidsRhizoids Leaves = Leaves = ScalesScales

Mosses and LiverwortsMosses and Liverworts

Moss – has seta, reproduce sexually and Moss – has seta, reproduce sexually and asexually, contain no real rootsasexually, contain no real roots

most familiar nonvascular plantmost familiar nonvascular plant

FragmentationFragmentation (asexual) – separation of (asexual) – separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into a parent plant into parts that develop into whole new plants.whole new plants.

Ferns and their AlliesFerns and their Allies

Ferns:Ferns: leafy plantleafy plant grow in moist areas most of the yeargrow in moist areas most of the year need moisture to reproduceneed moisture to reproduce have rhizomes – horizontal, underground have rhizomes – horizontal, underground

stemstem fronds – large divided leaves produced fronds – large divided leaves produced

by rhizomesby rhizomes

Ferns and their AlliesFerns and their Allies Fiddleheads – young fronds that are tightly Fiddleheads – young fronds that are tightly

coiled and look like the end of a fiddlecoiled and look like the end of a fiddle Fern Allies – lack the stem and leaf structure of Fern Allies – lack the stem and leaf structure of

ferns but have life cycles of ferns. Ex. horsetails ferns but have life cycles of ferns. Ex. horsetails and club mossesand club mosses

Epiphytes = plants that grow on other plants for Epiphytes = plants that grow on other plants for support (club mosses)support (club mosses)

All are helpful to the environment by forming soil All are helpful to the environment by forming soil and preventing soil erosionand preventing soil erosion