Plant Stress Biology || Index

Index

aA20/AN1 zinc finger domain-encoding genes,

analysis of, 49

ABA. See Abscisic acidABA-independent pathway

– DREB/CBF transcription factors, 49

245 ABA-inducible genes, 141

Abiotic and biotic stress signaling networks

– convergence points in, 69

–– roles of ROS at, 73–74

– hormone signaling and

–– ABA and ET, 71–72

–– JA, 72

– transcription factors in cross-talk between

–– ATAF genes, 74

–– ATAF2 overexpression, 75

–– OsNAC6 expression, 74

–– TSI1 expression, 75–76

Abiotic stress, 37, 138

– AtGenExpress, experiment, 200–201

– cold. See Cold stress

– drought. See Drought stress– encountered by plants, 38

– freezing stress response, 29–30

– gene expression and, 201–204

– genome-wide transcriptional profiling

techniques

–– microarray approach, 39–40

–– during panicle initiation stage (P1) of

rice, 40

–– rapid gene identification, 39

–– SAGE and MPSS, 39

– genotoxic. See Genotoxic stress– heat. See Heat stress

– osmotic. See Osmotic stress

– oxidative. See Oxidative stress

– response and stress-induced genes,

139–141

– role of microRNAs in, 41–42

– salt. See Salt stress– UV-B light. See UV-B light stress

– wounding. See Wounding stress

Abiotic stress-responsive genes

– analysis using proteomic approaches,

42–44

– cross-talk between biotic and, 74

– expression in knockout plants, 127

Abiotic stress sensors

– AtHK1, histidine kinase, 44–45

– CREI, cytokinin receptor gene, 45

Abiotic stress signaling, networking during

plant

– ABA-independent pathway, 49

– calcium and calcium-sensing proteins

–– in Arabidopsis, 45–46

–– in rice, 46–47

–– in tomato, 45

– glyoxalase pathway, 48

– MAPK signaling cascade, 47–48

– sensing systems

–– AtHK1, histidine kinase, 44–45

–– CREI, cytokinin receptor gene, 45

– SnRKs, 49

– transcription factors, 49–51

– transgenic approach, 51–52

Abiotic stress tolerance

– BR signaling and, 128

–– in B. napus and Arabidopsis, 130–131

–– and hormones, 131

– OsISAP1 overexpression and, 49

– quantitative trait loci for, 44

– ZAT7 role in, 74

Abscisic acid (ABA), 139, 208

– cold stress and, 29–30

– in defense signaling, 71–72

– de novo synthesis and accumulation of, 25

– disease resistance and, 71–72

– growth inhibition by, 25

| 249

Plant Stress Biology. Edited by H. HirtCopyright r 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimISBN: 978-3-527-32290-9

– signal transduction pathways, transcription

factors in, 40

– treatment, structural and anatomical

consequences of, 26

– vegetative stress tolerance and, 25–26

Abscisic acid-responsive element binding

factors, 27

ACC. See 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic

acid

ACGT-core ABRE motif, 28

Acid resistance, 6–7

AFGN. See Arabidopsis Functional Genomics

Network

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

(ACC), 169

Angiosperms

– as desiccation-tolerant plants, 25

Antiadaptor protein

– IraP (YaiB), 10

Antioxidant-responsive element (ARE), 168

APX. See Ascorbate peroxidase

Arabidopsides

– bound OPDA, 97–98

– and their constituents, 98

Arabidopsis, 141

– FAD8 gene, 142

– transcript profiles of various genes, 146

Arabidopsis Functional Genomics Network

(AFGN), 200

Arabidopsis thaliana, 19, 169, 200

– ABA treatment of, 40–41

– ATAF2 functions in, 75

– BR role in abiotic stress tolerance of,

130–131

– CAM genes, 45

– CBL isoforms in, 47

– CDPK genes, 46

– DREB/CBF transcription factors in, 49–50

– expression of CIPK3 from, 47

– global, PINs, 231–240

–– of CAM/CML binding proteins, 240

–– degree distributions of, 235, 236

–– motif analysis of, 238–239

–– standard topological indices calculated

for, 234

– humidity and temperature effects on slh1mutant in, 78

– MAPK signaling cascade in, 47–48

– MKK1/MKK2–MPK4 pathway, 76

– MPK3 and MPK6 activity in, 78

– sfr (sensitivity to freezing) mutant in, 49

– transcript analysis under abiotic stress

conditions, 40

– WIN1/SHN1 overexpression in, 68

ARE. See Antioxidant-responsive element

AREB factors. See Abscisic acid-responsiveelement binding factors

Arthrobacter globiformis– in rice, 150

Ascorbate–glutathione cycle, 182

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), 182

ATAF2 overexpression, 75

AtGenExpress abiotic stress,

experiment, 200–201

– findings, 201–204

– future developments, 221

AtHK1, histidine kinase, 44–45

AtMYC2, role in hormone signaling

pathways, 72

AtNHX1 overexpression, 51

bBABA-induced resistance to oomycetes, 72

Bacteria

– nutrient starvation, 4

BAK1 (BRI1-associated receptor kinase1)

– and BR signaling, 120

– role in cell death

–– defense-related genes, 128

–– link between BAK1 and PCD, 128

–– upregulation of stress-responsive

genes, 129

– role in innate immunity

–– host immune responses, 128

–– PRRs in Arabidopsis, 127–128

Bayesian networks, 242

Biotic and abiotic stress signaling networks

– convergence points in, 69

–– roles of ROS at, 73–74

– hormone signaling and

–– ABA and ET, 71–72

–– JA, 72

– transcription factors in cross-talk

between





Biotic stress, 138

Biotic stress responses

– effects of humidity and temperature

on, 78–79

Blue revolution, 138

Brassica napus hsp90, 142

Brassinosteroids

– anticancer and antiviral effects, 126

– developmental pathway with stress-

responsive pathways, 129

250 | Index

– gene expression regulation by, 119

– growth-promoting properties of, 119

– role in abiotic stress tolerance

–– in B. napus and Arabidopsis, 130–131

–– and hormones, 131

– role in plant stress responses, 126

–– OsGSK1 knockout mutants, 127

– signaling pathway

–– BZR1 and BES1, 120–121

–– components, 120

– stress-protective properties of

–– drought stress, 123

–– pathogen attack, 124–125

–– salt stress, 123

–– temperature stress, 121–123

–– UV-B stress, 126

BR-regulated genes, 120

BRs. See BrassinosteroidsBryophytes

– haploid gametophyte generation, 20

– poikilohydry, 24

– primitive traits, 18–19

– subgroupings, 17

cCaenorhabditis elegans, 230

Calcium and calcium-sensing proteins

– in Arabidopsis, 45–46

– in rice, 46–47

– in tomato, 45

Calcium signaling

– in cold stress, 144

– in salinity stress, 147–148

Calmodulin (CAM)-binding protein

– Arabidopsis PIN of, 240

Calmodulin-like (CML)-binding proteins

– Arabidopsis PIN of, 240

CAM - binding protein. SeeCalmodulin-binding protein

CAMP/CRP-binding sites, 7

CAMs, role in abiotic stress signaling,

45–46

CAT. See CatalasesCatalases (CAT), 182

CBL–CIPK interaction, 46

CDPK(s)

– genes, 141

– role in abiotic stress signaling, 46

Cell death, BAK1 role in

– defense-related genes, 128

– link between BAK1 and PCD, 128

– upregulation of stress-responsive

genes, 129

Chaperones, 162

Chemical genetics

– auxin signaling pathways and, 243

– vesicular trafficking and, 243

Chilling stress. See Cold tolerance

Cis-regulatory element (CRE), 201

– stress-responsive genes and, 217, 220

ClpXP protease, 9–10

Clustering coefficient, 233

– versus degree relationship, of ArabidopsisPINs, 236

CML - binding proteins. See Calmodulin-like-

binding proteins

CNA. See Complex network analysis

COI1-JAZ-JA-Ile-mediated signaling,

101–104

Cold acclimation, 142

54 cold-inducible genes, 141

Cold-regulated genes

– in freezing tolerance, 142–143

Cold stress, 141, 209–210

– and abscisic acid, 29–30

– in calcium signaling, 144

– damage due to, 38

– functional categorization, using GO

terms, 209

– generic pathway for plant, 145

– versus other stress-responsive genes, 209

Cold tolerance, 38

Compatible solutes, 149

Complex network analysis (CNA), 229–230

Contextual information, 244

Copper stress, 165

Coronatine (COR), 70

Craterostigma plantagineum, 154

CRE. See Cis-regulatory element

CREI, cytokinin receptor gene, 45

Cuticle

– composition of, 68

– permeability in lacs2 mutant, 68–69

Cytoscape, 232

dDAG. See DiacylglycerolDegree distribution, 233

– of Arabidopsis PINs, 235, 236

Dehydration. See Osmotic stress

Dehydration stress. See Draught stress‘‘Dehydrins’’, 28

Dehydroascorbate (DHA), 182

Desiccation tolerance

– definition, 24

– in seeds, 25

Detoxification

– of ROS, 181–183

Index | 251

DHA. See DehydroascorbateDiacylglycerol (DAG), 144

Directed network, 230

DNA damage

– SOS regulon triggered by, 3

Draught stress, 210–211


terms, 210

DREBs/CBFs (dehydration-responsive

element binding protein/C-repeat binding

factor), 49–50

– DREB2A transcript, 75

Drosophila melanogaster, 230

299 drought-inducible genes, 140

Drought stress, 151–152

– and BRs, 123

– phospholipid signaling in, 154

– on photosynthesis, 152–153

– on stomata, 152–153

– responses, 29

– sugars and other osmolytes in, 153–154

Drought-tolerant IR62266 and CT9993

cultivars, proteome of, 43

DsrA and rpoS translation, 8

eEdges, biological systems, 229, 230

EIN2. See Ethylene-insensitive2ERF

– family and JA signaling, 105

– transcription factor, 75–76

Escherichia coli, 230

– antiadaptor protein in, 10

– proline and glycine betaine uptake in, 6

– rpoS mRNA, 8

– sS regulatory network

–– gene expression by, 4

–– and global regulons, 4

–– metabolic regulation during stationary

phase, 4–5

–– role in acid osmotic resistance, 6–7

–– role in shock osmotic resistance, 5–6

– stress responses, 3

– trehalose synthesis in, 5–6

Ethylene-insensitive2 (EIN2), 169

Evaporative water loss, 18

Exopolyphosphatase, overexpression of, 8

Expressed sequence tag (EST)

collections, 23–24

fFANMOD, 237

Fenton reaction, 166, 180

Ferric reductase-defective3 (FRE3), 163

Floral transition-related genes, transcript

levels of, 40

Food, reasons for discord between demand

and supply of, 37

Fossil sporangia, 17

FRE3. See Ferric reductase-defective3

gGadA and gadBC genes, 6

GadX regulator, 7

Gametophores, 22

Gametophyte generation, 20

– haploid nature of dominant, 22

Gene clusters

– defined, 190

Gene expression

– abiotic stress and, 201–204

Gene ontology (GO), 204

– cold stress and, 209

– draught stress and, 210

– genotoxic stress and, 212

– heat stress and, 211

– osmotic stress and, 206–207

– oxidative stress and, 213

– salt stress and, 208

– UV-B light stress and, 204

– wounding stress and, 212

General stress response. See Stress response,general

Genotoxic stress, 212


terms, 212

– versus other stress-responsive genes,

212

GFP. See Green fluorescent protein

g -glutamylcysteinyl glycine (g-Glu–Cys–

Gly), 182

Glutaredoxins (GRX), 182

Glycine betaine, 138

– uptake, 6

Glyoxalase genes, overexpression of, 48

GO. See Gene ontology

GPCR. See G-protein-coupled receptors

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), 139

GPX. See glutathione peroxidase

Green fluorescent protein (GFP), 181

GRX. See Glutaredoxins

hHaber–Weiss reactions, 180

Heat shock proteins (HSP), 165

Heat stress, 211


terms, 211

252 | Index


– versus UV-B light stress, 216

Heavy metal ATPases (HMA), 162

213 high salinity-inducible genes, 141

HMA. See Heavy metal ATPases

Homo sapiens, 230

Hordeum vulgare proline transporter

(HvProT), 150

HSP. See Heat shock proteins

HvProT. See Hordeum vulgare prolinetransporter

Hydrogen peroxide signaling

– in methyl viologen, 187

iInnate immunity, BAK1 role in

– host immune responses, 128

– PRRs in Arabidopsis, 127–128

Inositol triphosphate (IP3), 144

Interactomes, 230

IP3 . See Inositol triphosphateIraM protein, 10

IraP (YaiB), antiadaptor protein, 10

jJA. See Jasmonic acid

JA methyltransferase (JMT), 95

Jasmonates, 91, 170

Jasmonic acid, 91

– biosynthesis of

–– in chloroplast and peroxisome, 93

–– enzymes of, 92

–– fatty acid bb-oxidation, 94

–– mutants of, 98–101

–– regulation, 94–95

– metabolism

–– hydroxylation, 97

–– metabolites, 95–96

–– 12-OH-JA, 96

– role in developmental processes

–– flower development, 107–108

–– root growth, 106–107

– signaling of

–– COI1–JAZ–JA-Ile-mediated, 101–104

–– mutants of, 98–101

–– repressor model in, 103

–– transcription factors involved in,

104–106

– signaling properties of, 95–96

JAZ–COI1-directed proteasome, 102

kKIN1 genes, 141

l‘‘Late embryogenesis abundant’’ (LEA)

proteins, 25

– protective functions of, 28–29

Late genes, 138

LEA/dehydrin-type gene, 140

LEA proteins, 142

Lipid peroxidation

– in methyl viologen, 186

Low-temperature stress, 152

– on plant physiology, 141–142

mMAPK. See Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPK cascades. See Mitogen-activated

protein kinase cascades

MAPK kinase, 142

MAPK signaling cascade, 47–48

Massively parallel signature sequencing

(MPSS), 39

MDHA. See Monodehydroascorbate

MEKK1–MKK2–MPK4/MPK6 cascade, 48

Metal-induced oxidative stress, 166–167

– parameters affected in plants, 167

Metal stress

– affects plant physiology, 163–164

– cellular responses of, 165

– in plants, overview, 161

– signaling under, 167–170

Methyl viologen

– antioxidative network upon, 186–187

– degradation of, 184

– hydrogen peroxide signaling in, 187

– lipid peroxidation in, 186

– oxidative stress of, 186

– superoxide anion-mediated signaling in

plants, 187

– toxicity in plants and animals, mechanism

of, 185

Microarray analysis

– pollination/fertilization in rice, 40

– transcriptome profile during stress

response, 39

Microorganisms, growth of, 3

MicroRNAs

– role in abiotic stresses, 41–42

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

(MAPK), 168, 181, 242

– cascades

–– and cross-talk between biotic and abiotic

stress signaling, 76, 77

–– MEKK1 expression in, 77

–– MPK3 and MPK6, 78

–– role in hormone signaling, 77–78

Index | 253

MKK9–MPK3/MPK6 pathway, 78

Model systems

– flowering plants, 19–20

– importance of, 19

– Physcomitrella–– advantages of, 22–23

–– for comparative genomic analysis, 23

–– genome sequence assembly, 23–24

– for poikilohydry. See Tortula ruralis– rice, 19

Molecular markers

– genes as, identification of

–– for cold stress response, 209

–– for drought stress response, 210

–– for heat stress response, 211

–– for osmotic stress response, 207

–– for oxidative stress response, 213

–– for salt stress response, 208

–– for UV-B light stress response, 204

–– for wounding stress response, 212

Monodehydroascorbate (MDHA), 182

Mosses

– cell types in, 20

– desiccation tolerance, 24

– and flowering plants, difference

between, 20

– poikilohydric, 25

– rudimentary conducting tissues in, 20, 22

– stages in development of, 20–21

MPSS. See Massively parallel signature

sequencing

MYC2 and JA signaling, 104–105

MYC-like sequence-binding proteins, 50

MYC/MYB transcription factors, 149

MYC-type bHLH transcription factors, 50

nNAC

– family transcription factors, 74

– transcription factor, 50

NADPH oxidases

– with ROS, 180

Naı̈ve Bayesian approach, 232

NetworKIN

– to construct plant phosphorylation

networks, 243–245

Network motifs, 236–237

Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, 240

Nitric oxide (NO), 181

– and stomatal closure, 69–70

NO. See Nitric oxideNodes, biological systems, 229, 230

– degree of, 233

NOS. See NO synthase

NO synthase (NOS), 181

NtCDPK2 signal transduction pathways, 48

Nutrient starvation

– bacteria, 4

o12-O-glucosyl-JA (12-O-Glc-JA), 95–96

Oligonucleotides, 140

OsCIPK genes, 47

OsLEA3-1 gene overexpression, 51

OsMAPK5, kinase activity of, 48

Osmolytes, 5

Osmoprotectants

– uptake by ProP transport system, 6

Osmotic shock resistance, 5–6

Osmotic stress, 206–208


terms, 206–207


– in plants, 140

OsNAC6, NAC transcriptional activator, 74

OtsAB operon

– induction of, 6

– trehalose production by, 5

Oxidative stress, 213


terms, 213

– metal-induced, 166–167


– parameters affected in plants, 167

Oxylipins, 170

pParaquat, 183

Parsley cells, 191

Pathogen attack and BRs, 124–125

PCA. See Principal component analysis

P5CS gene, 149

Perturbations, PSN, 241–242

Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate

(PIP2), 144

Phospholipase C (PLC), 144

Phospholipid signaling

– in drought stress, 154

Photosysnthesis


Physcomitrella patens, 19

– ABI3 paralogs, 28

– advantages of, 22–23

– cold stress and abscisic acid, 30

– for comparative genomic analysis, 23

– development of genomic resources for,

30–31

– effects of stress and ABA treatment on

254 | Index

–– growth arrest, 27

–– promoter motifs regulation, 27–28

–– structural and anatomical

consequences, 26

– genome sequence assembly, 23–24

– stages in development of, 21

– vegetative stress tolerance, 25–26

Physical stress

– defined, 138

Phytoalexins, 191

Phytohormone, 148

PIN. See Protein interaction network

PIP2. See Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphatePlant cells

– antioxidative network in, 181–183

Plantglutathione peroxidase (GPX), 183

Plant metal uptake

– bioavailable fraction of, 162

Plant phosphorylation networks

– NetworKIN approach to construct,

243–245

Plant physiology

– affected by metal stress, 163–164

– low-temperature stress on, 141–142

PLC. See Phospholipase C

Poikilohydric mosses

– Tortula ruralis, 25

Poikilohydry, 24

Post-translational modifications, 241

Power law, 233

(p)ppGpp and polyphosphate, link

between, 8

Principal component analysis (PCA), 216

– performed on genes, 217–219

Proline, 149

– salinity stress in, 149–150

– uptake, 6

ProP transport system, 6

Protein interaction network (PIN), 229,

230–231

– clustering coefficient of, 233

– by Cui, 232–233

– degree distribution, 233

– degree of node, 233

– by Geisler-Lee, 232–233

– global Arabidopsis thaliana, 231–240

–– of CAM/CML binding proteins, 240

–– degree distributions of, 235, 236

–– motif analysis of, 238–239

–– standard topological indices calculated

for, 234

– naı̈ve Bayesian approach and, 232

– network motifs, 236–237

– shortest path length, 233

Protein networks

– clustering coefficient of, 233

– CNA, 229–230

– degree distribution, 233

– degree of node, 233

– future outlook on, 245

– network motifs, 236–237

– overview of, 228–229

– PIN. See Protein interaction network

– PSN. See Protein signaling network

– shortest path length, 233

Protein profiling under salt stress, 42

Protein signaling network (PSN), 229

– overview of, 240–241

– perturbations, 241–242

Proteomes

– effect of stress on, quantitative proteomics

to study, 242–243

PRX. See Type II peroxiredoxin

Pseudomonas syringae, 242

PSN. See Protein signaling network

qQuantitative phosphoproteomic

analysis, 241

Quantitative proteomics

– effect of stress on proteomes, 242–243

Quantitative trait locus (QTLs)

– for abiotic stress tolerance, 44

rReactive nitrogen species (RNS)

– with NO, 181

– of plant cells, 180

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 139, 199

– biological relevance of, 179–181

– detoxification of, 181–183

– generation of, 179–181

– NADPH oxidases with, 180

– salinity stress in, 150–151

‘‘Resurrection plants’’, 24

Rice

– A20/AN1 zinc finger domain-encoding

genes in, 49

– ABA-activated SnRK2, 49

– CAM-encoding genes in, 45

– CDPK genes of, 46

– MAPK signaling cascade in, 48

– OsCIPK genes of, 47

– proteins, yeast two-hybrid analysis of, 43

– seedlings, low-temperature stress on, 42

– SNAC1 and SNAC2 transcription factors

from, 50

RNAP and promoters, competition for, 10–11

Index | 255

RNS. See Reactive nitrogen species

Roche 454 GS-FLX DNA sequencing

procedure, 31

ROS. See Reactive oxygen species

ROS production and ABA signaling, 73

ROS-scavenging enzymes, 73

RpoS mRNA intramolecular base pairing,

inhibitors of, 8

RpoS promoter, 7

– expression and polyphosphate, 7–8

– translation

–– DsrA role in, 8

–– by OxyS sRNA, 9

R2R3MYB transcription factors, 72

RssB (SprE), adaptor protein, 10

sSA- and JA-dependent signaling, cross-talk

between, 98

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 230SAGE. See Serial analysis of gene expression

Salicylic acid-induced protein kinase

(SIPK), 48

Saline soils, 144

Salinity stress, 144–146

– ABA in, 148–149

– calcium signaling in, 147–148

– GB in, 149–150

– negative impact of, 146–147

– proline, 149–150

– ROS in, 150–151

– SOS pathways in, 147–148

– transcription factors in, 148–149

Salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, 46–47,

138

– in salinity stress, 147–148

Salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway regulon

– triggered by DNA damage, 3

Salt stress, 138, 208–209

– and BRs, 123


terms, 208


– protein profiling under, 42

Scale-free networks, 233

Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting

Genes/Proteins (STRING)

algorithm, 244

Second green revolution, 138

Serial analysis of gene expression, 39

Serine/threonine kinases, 169

Sfr (sensitivity to freezing) mutant, 49

Shortest path length, of network, 233

Sigma factors, 4

Signaling cross-talk

– definition, 68

– in stomatal guard cells, 70

Signal integration

– stress-responsive genes and, 213–221

Signal transduction pathways, 68, 241

SNAC1 and SNAC2 transcription

factors, 50

SnRKs, protein kinase, 49

SOD. See Superoxide dismutase

Sodic soils, 144

SOS. See Salt overly sensitive

SRK2E/OST1, terminal regulatory domain

of, 49

sS-controlled genes

– expression and stresses, 4, 6

– instability in exponential phase, 9

– regulation of

–– post-translational, 9–10

–– RNAP core enzyme and, 10–11

–– transcriptional, 7–8

–– translational, 8–9

sS regulatory network

– gene expression by, 4

– and global regulons, 4

– metabolic regulation during stationary

phase, 4–5

– modules within, 6–7

– role in acid osmotic resistance, 6–7

– role in shock osmotic resistance, 5–6

Stomata

– of ABA-insensitive stomata mutant, 70


– role in host defense, 70

Stomatal closure

– MAMP-triggered, 70

– during water stress, 69

Stomatal regulatory pathway

– signaling components, 69

Stress-induced miRNAs, 41

Stress-protective properties of BRs

– drought stress, 123

– pathogen attack, 124–125

– salt stress, 123

– temperature stress, 121–123

– UV-B stress, 126

Stress response, general, 3

Stress-responsive genes, 201. See alsospecific stresses

– CRE and, 217–220

– osmotic, comparison of, 206

– signal integration and, 213–221

– VA of 59 common, 213–216

Stress sensors, abiotic

256 | Index

– AtHK1, histidine kinase, 44–45

– CREI, cytokinin receptor gene, 45

Stress signal transduction pathways, 139

STRING algorithm. See Search Tool for the

Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins

SUB (SUBMERGENCE TOLERANCE)

gene, 44

Superoxide anion

– signalling in plants, 190–191

– in signal transduction processes,

187–190

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 182

tTandem affinity purification (TAP), 228

TAP. See Tandem affinity purification

Temperature stress and BRs, 121–123

Terrestrial flora

– angiosperms, 18–19

Tortula inermis, 29

Tortula ruralis, 25

– applications of, 31

– gene expression associated with desiccated

state, 28

Transcription factors

– in ABA signal transduction pathways, 40

– in cross-talk between biotic and abiotic

signalling





– induction of, 40–41

– involved in JA signaling

–– ERF family, 105

–– MYC2, 104–105

–– WRKYs, 106

Transgenic crop plants, stress response gene

characterization

– AtNHX1 overexpression, 51

– OsLEA3-1 gene, 51

– ZmPLC1 lines, 52

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase

gene, 146

Trehalose synthesis

– in Escherichia coli, 5–6

TSI1 expression, 75–76

Tuberonic acid, 96

Type II peroxiredoxin (PRX), 182

uUltraviolet (UV)-B light, 200

Undirected network, 230

UV-B light. See Ultraviolet B light

UV-B light stress, 204–206


terms, 204

– heat stress versus, 216


– wounding stress versus, 216

UV-B stress and BRs, 126

vVascular plants, 18

Vector analysis (VA)

– of stress-responsive genes, 213–216

Vigna aconitifolia– in tobacco, 154

wWater-deficit stress. See Drought stressWater stress, 149

Wounding stress, 211–212


terms, 212


– versus UV-B light stress, 216

WRKYs and JA signaling, 106

WRKY transcription factors, 170

yYeast two-hybrid (Y2H), 230

Y2H. See Yeast two-hybrid

zZinc- and iron-regulated protein (ZIP),

162

Zinc finger proteins

– ZAT expression, 73

– ZAT7 expression, 74

– ZAT12 expression, 73–74

Zinc stress, 165

ZmPLC1 lines, 52

Z-score, 237

Index | 257

Documents

Plant Stress Biology || Index