(PLANT PROTECTION) - izbis.com. 32 (3).pdf · vocarstvo, 11-12, Ca~k. Skuhrava, M.- Skuhravy, V. (1960): Bejlomorky, Praha. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BLACK CURRANT LEAF

l UDK 6329 I YU ISSN 0372middot7866

INSTITUT ZA ZASTJTU BIUA - BEOGRAD INSTITUTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION - BEOGRAD

ZASTITA BILJA (PLANT PROTECTION)

VOL 32(3) BROJ 157 1981 GOD

ZaStita bilja Vol 32(3) Br 157 (str 201-323) Beograd 1981

Zaltita bilja Vol 32(3) br 151 201-323 (1981) Beograd

CONTENTS Strana

In memoriam

Lj Vasiljevic Akademik prof dr Mladen Josifovi6 - 207

smiddotci en t j f i c papers

Z Kovacevit Vorkonunen partenogenetischer oarten dermiddot gat-tung Otiorrhynchus oin Jugosawien - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 233

D Camprag R A Thalji Results of studies of the degree of infestation of individual parts of large fields under sunflower by the plant louse Brachycaudus helishycllrysi Kalt (Homoptera Aphididae) - - - - - - - - - 232

D Simova-ToJic K Dobrivojevic Cont-ribution to the knowledge of the black currant leaf midge Dasyshyneura tetensi Rlibsaamen (Diptera Cecidomyidae) - - - - - 239

M l njac Results of laboratory investigations of the ovicidal effect of diflubenshyzuron on e~ of diff-erent age o leaf mi-ners of aple Leucoptera scitella Zell and Lithocolletis blancardella F - - - - - - - - 248

F Bala M Draganic Con~ribution to the study of maize resimiddotstance to Ostrlnia nubilalis Hbn and Gibberella zeae (Schw) Petch - - - - 258

I Ciglar Some new possibilities of ofighting leaf miners - - - - - - 267

R Sovljanski B Zivanovit J KiJgeci D Milin Pesticide residues and the cxmtenofJs of heavy mebals in dried hop cones barley water and beer - - - - - - - - - - - - 275

Z Koruni~ Lj Osecttrec middot New data about sugar-beet nematode - H eterodera schachtii Schmidt 283

M Tosic E Videnov Contribution to the middotstudy of some tobacco mosaic vi~ ioolates from pepper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 291

M Arsenijevit N Radusin Etiological invest4gations of the bacterial speck and rot of tomato - 303

B Cvjetkovic G Hrlec The effect middotor 30me fungicides on the fermentation of must - - - 311

M Halambek Verticicladiella procera Kendrick causal organism of eastern white pine wilting in conilers culture - - - - - - - - - 323

Zastita bimiddotlja Vol 32(3) br 157 213-224 (1981) Beograd 223

VORKOMMEN PARTENOGENETISCHER ARTEN DER GATTUNG OTJORRHYNCHUS IN JUGOSLAWIEN

Z Kova~evi~

Z us a mmenf ass u ng

In diesem kurzen Aufsatz weist der Autor auf Grund der Arbeiten einiger finnischer und osterreichischer Entomologen auf eine sehr inshyteressante genetische Erscheinting hin die bei gewissen Schadlingen als Verlinderung der genetischen Anlage zum Ausdruck kommt Diese Veshyranderungen erscheinen bei Insekten gewisser geographischer Regionen als Auswirkung klimatischer Verhaltnisse

Eine sehr interessante Erscheinung im genetischen Polymorphisshymus und in der Evolution ist das Auftreten der Parthenogenese bei dicsen Insekten

Wegen der sehr ungiinstigen VerhlHtnisse wahrend der Eiszeit wurde die Insektenfauna des borealen Gebietes in Nord- und Mittelshy-Europa in jene Teilen vernichtet wo die Arten nicht die Fahigkeiten hatten nach grosseren Entfernungen und in warmere Gebiete zu tibershywandern Einige Arten und Populationen haben aber wahrend der Eisshyzeit in gewissen Gebieten in den sogenannten raquomassifs de refugelaquo Zuflucht finden konnen Wegen der genannten ungtinstigen klirnatischen Verhaltnisse wahrend der lliszeit Sind die Mannchen einiger Arten ums Leben gekommcn und verschwunden die Weibchen haben sich aber am Leben erhalten konnen und wurden durch Parthenogenese zurn Eierleshygcn befahigt Bei solchen Weibchen finden wir eine polyp1oide Chromoshysomen-Zahl und zwar 33 44 55 und sogar 66 Chromosome Ausserdem ist bei diesen Weibchen das raquoReceptaculum seminioslaquo erhalten geblieben Solchc Weibchen stellen im Grunde genornmen eine Uebergangsforrn in der Entwicklung dar Bei denselben Arten kann eine Veriinderung des Sexualinedxes festgestellt werden da bei ihnen in einigen Gebieten des Verbreitungsareals gewohnlich nur Weibchen aufgefunden werden in anderen Gebieten Manchen in geringerer Zahl nie aber in der Bezi~ hung 1 1

Von den 235 bei uns festgestellten Arten der Gattung Otiorrhynmiddot chus wurden nach Suolamainen (1954) und Jahn (1941) 17 Arten als partenogenetisch oder polyploidisch erkannt Es handelt sich urn folmiddot gende Arten azaleae Penecke chalceus Strl niger F auricomus Germ gemmatus Scop salicis Strom und ligustici L bei welchen triploide und diploide Rassen bekannt sind

0 (Arammichus) ligustici L weist diploide triploide und tetramiddot ploide Rassen auf

0 scaber L foraminosus Boh peridix 01 alpicola Boh singulashyris L chrysocomus Germ ovatus L und pauxillus Rosh sind triploid und 0 (Dorymerus) antracinus pentaploid

Aus diesem Verzeihniss geht hervor dass von den angeftihrten 17 Arten 16 in ihren Eiem 33 Chromosome aufweisen 8 Arten davon haben

224 Zastita bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 213-224 (1981) Beograd

aber auch diploide oder bisexuelle Rassen und eine noch dazu 44 Chroshymosome (0 scaber) Es giebt aber auch eine Art mit 55 Chromosomen (0 a1~thracinus) Auf Grund dieser Angaben kann geschlossen werden dass die Chromosomen - Zahl bei den Arten der Gattung Otiorrhynshychus sehr vedinderlich middotsein kann und dass bei diesen Insekten parthenoshygenetische Formen in verschiedenen Gebiete middotauftreten konnen Aus dcm Angeflihrten kommen Entomologen die sich mit gcnetischen Fragen befassen zu der Meinung dass es sich urn Veranderungen handelt die im Laufe der Evolution auftreten Diese Veranderungen nicht nicht bestandig sondern vedinderlich und konnen unter gewissen Einfliissen entstehen

Bei unseren biologischen Untersuchungen haben wir nicht die Moglichkeit gehabt uns mit der Frage der Aenderun g der Chromoshysonen-Zahl im Laufe der Entwicklung zu befassen sondern haben eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit dem Sexualindex bcim Massenauftreten der schadlichcn Insektcn gewidmet Bei diesen Beobachtungen haben wir beim Massenauftrctcn der Schadlinge sehr grosse Unterschiede im SexuaJindex bei zwei nachd nander folgenden Popula tionen festgestellt 7um Beispiel beim Massenauftreten in Weinbergen von 0 ligustici lavar~dus und alutaceus wie auch bei anderen Schadlingen (Schwammshyspinner Heuschrecken u sw) Bei den genanten Arten dauerte eine Grashydation nur ein Joahr und kam dann zum Stillstand

Wir kommen somit zum Schluss dass jede wissen schaftliche Untershysuchung der Biologie und des Massenauftretens eines Schadlings viele Fragen aufwirft welchen wir aber friiher keine besondere Aufmerksamshykeit schenkten Eine dieser Fragen sind die parthenogenetischen Formen der Otiorrhynchus-Arten in unserem Lande

232 Zastita bHja Vol 32(3) br 157 225-232 (1981) Beograd

RESULTS OF STUDIES OF THE DEGREE OF INFESTATION OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS OF LARGE FIELDS UNDER SUNFLOWER BY THE PLANT LOUSE

BRACHYCAUDUS HELICHRYSI KALT (HOMOPTERA APHIDIDAE)

by D Camprag R A Thaljl

Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad

Summary

Brachycaudus helichrysi belongs to the group of the most impormiddot tant pests on sunflower in the northeastern part of Yugoslavia In the course of three years were carried out on 9 fields investigations of the dynamics of horizontal distribution of this aphid on large plots under sunflower The analysis of plants was effected in four places of each field to wit in the very border zone at the distance of SO 100 and 200 m from the border of the plot

The degree of the attack of B helichrysi decreases from the bormiddot der towards the middle of the field In the second half of May for six fields under sunflower taken together for 1975 and 1976 there were established on the average the following infestations 77 p c of atmiddot tacked plants on the edge of the fields 57 p c at the distance of SO m 38 p c at 100 m and 23 p c at 200 m in the interior of the plot There middot was observed a highly significant difference as to the spread and intenshysity middotOf the attack of this pest on sunflower plants between the border zone of the crop up to 50 m and the zone of the crop at the distance of 100-200 m from the edge of the field

Systematic following of the dynamics of occurrence of B helishychrysi on the fields under sunflower with a view to establishing the first occurrence and further spread of this aphid offers the basis for the timely and rational chemical control of the pest The following of the pest ought to begin in the first decade of May On large plots of th~~ public sector the treatments are most ecohomical only on the crops of the border zone about 50 to 75 m wide

239 Zastita bllja Vol 32(3) br 157 233-240 (1981) Beograd

3 Lisna galica erne ribizle prezimljava u stadijumu odrasle larve u bcli~astom svilastom kokonu u zemlji na dubini middotizmedu 05-4 em ispod zbuna ribizle Poeetak leta imaga je u drugoj polovini aprila za

bullprvu zimujucu a u drugoj polovini avgusta za poslednju generaciju Ima 3-4 generacije godisnje

4 Stete od lisne galice erne rJbizle u starim zasadima u lokalitetu Berovo iznose od 80--90 a u lokalitetu Valjevo 40--50 o~teeenih letorasta U rasadnickoj proizvodnji ove stete mogu biti i znatno veee

5 Od zatitnih mera povoljne rezultate daju agrotehnicke mere borbe kao ~to su kultiviranje zemljista posle odlaska Jarvi na prezimshyljavanje iii pre eklozije imaga zimujuee generacije Ako je u zemljitu prisutno 6-7 kokona ili 20 o~teeenih mladara hemijska zatita obavshyJja se pre ili nakon berbe Koriste se hemijski prepazati sa kontaktnim i utrobnim dejstvom middot

(Primljeno 10 06 1981)

LITERATURA

Barnes H F (1948) Gall Midgemiddot of Economic Importance Vol III (Gall midge of fruit) London

Dir-imanov M __ Sengamiddotlevi~ G (1975) Opasnl neprijateli po kasisa i bormiddot bata s tjah Rastitelna za8tita br I Sofija

Gont a rov a N G - Sa mo sudov B N (1979) Za~tita Cemoi smorodioi od listovoi galici Zasecttita rastenij br 10 Moskva

N i j v e 1 d t W (1952) Galmuggen van cumiddotltuurgewasseo I Galmuggen van fruitshygewasen Medelio11g No 41 Wageningen

S i m ova-To sic D (1970) Malo poznate Jtetocine maline iz familije Cecidoshymyidae (Diptera) Jugoslovensko vocarstvo 11-12 Ca~k

Skuhrava M- Skuhravy V (1960) Bejlomorky Praha

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BLACK CURRANT LEAF MIDGE DASYNEURA TETENSI RUBSAAMEN (DIPTERA CECIDOMYIDAE)

Dujka Slmova-ToitC and K DobrlvoJevle Faculty of AgricuLture Belgrade

Summary

In the period from 1977 to 1981 investigations concerning the black currant leaf midge - Dasyneura tetensi Rubsaamen in the locashylities Berovo (Macedonia) Brus Valjevo and Caeak (Serbia) were carshyried out Some moment having greater biological significance for Dashysyueura tetensi were followed periodically during the whole year in fields as wen as in the laboratory

The black currant leaf midge hibernates in the stadium of a grown up larva in a white silky coccoon in the soil at a depth of 05--4 em

240 ZaUita biJja Vol 32(3) br 157 233-240 (1981) Beograd

under the middotblack cQrrant bush The first flight of midges appearing in the second half of April from the hibernating generation and the second half ofmiddotAugustmiddot for the last generation It has 3--4 generation annually The females are sexually mature and after copulation they lay their eggs on the upper leaves of the young shoots The embryonic developshyment last for about 7 days

The larvae of this species damage the non-developed upper leaves of the black cuurant shoots in the fields and middotgreen-houses The hatshy~d larvae feed and stay allive between the folds of the young leaf while at the spot where ~e larva feeds the leaf tissue dries and fades Themiddot number of larvae on one leaf amounts to approrlmatelly 1~ Darnag~ due to the black currant leaf midge in the locality of Berovo afllltlunt ~o S0-90 while in _the locality of Valjevo thiS percentage amounts to 40--50 damaged shoots These damage may be even greashyter in nurseries

Agroteehnical prot-ective measures giving positive results are soil cultivation following the departure of larvae for hibernation or prior to imagos flight of the hibernating generation Chemical protection is carried out before or after vintage Chemicals used have either direct od digest~ve effects

~-


C e 11 i G (1974) Etat actuel des infestations et de la lutte contre Stigmella malshy lola Stt Leucoptera scitella Zell et Lithocolletis blancardella F mineuses

des feuilles middotdu pommier C R Se Symp Lutte integree en vergers OILBSROP 1975 pp 237-248

C i g I a r I (1972) Ispitivanje djelatnosti nekih insekticida na lisne minere AgTltr nomski glasnik br 11-12 pp 663-670

De An~ e I is E (1979) A turning - point in the campadng against leaf-miners Tehni~ka dokumentacija Duphar Holandija

Dim i c N (1978) Mogucnost suzbij-anja Lithocollethis blancardella F lisnog mimiddot nera jabuke Za~tita bilja No 142 pp 40~18

D u Iimiddotc K In j a c M (1981a) Pri1log poznavanju Usnih minera jabuke na poshydrucju Subotice Glamiddotsnik Zastite bilja br I pp S-8

D u 1 i c K In j a c M (198lb) Suzbijanje lisnih minera Leucoptera scitella Zell Lithocolletis blancardella F i Lithocolletis corylifoliella Hw u proizvodmiddot nim uslovima jabuke Jugoslovenampko savetovanje o primeni pesticida Poramp 1980 pp 49-50 (uskoro u ~tampi raquoZastita biljalaquo)

0 r b i c V (1980) Rezultati delovanja nekih insekticida na larve Cemiostoma scitella Zell Jugoslovensko savetovanje o primen pesticida PoreC 1980 pp 46--47

Gro ss curt A C (1978) Dinubenzuron some espect of its ovicidal and Jarvimiddot ddal mode of action and an evalution of its practical possilbigttities Reshysearch Laboratories PhiLipsmiddot Dttphar pp 40-52

In j a c M D u 1 i c K (1981a) Izbor mera za suzbijanje 1isn1h minera jabuke Glasmk zastite bilja br 2 pp 39---43

In j a c M To sic M (1981) Primena diflubenzurona u suzbijanju lisnog mimiddot nera jabuke Stigmella matella Stt Jugoslovensko savetovanje o primeni pesticida Porec 1980 pp 47-48

Iva nov S H (1976) Lietominiras~i moljci po ovosniti drveta v Bulgarija Dokmiddot torska di~cija Pmiddotlovdiv (na bugarskom sa re~ianeom na fmncuskom)

1 ivan o vi c V (1965) Moljci lisnih minera - opasne stetocine nasih plantaz nih vocnjaka Dokumentacija za tehnologiju i tehniku u poljoprivredi Svemiddot

ska 665 separat 90

FESULTS OF LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE OVICIDAL EFFECT OF DlfLUBENZURON ON EGGS OF DIFFERENT AGE OF LEAF MINERS OF

APLE LEUCOPTERA SCITELLA ZELL AND LITHOCOLLETIS BLANCARDEllA F

M lnjac

Summary

The cocoons of L scitella Zell and the leaves with hibernating pupae ot L blancardella F were collected in the locality of Subotica

middot They were put into two separate cardboard boxes These had on the upper side an opening 3 em in diameter which was stoppered with a glas flask of the same diameter The boxes were held in the air-condi- tioned chamber under the conditions of temperature of 27-2frC of 1

60-70 p c of relative humidity and of permanent lighting After havmiddot ing arrived in the flasks the months were transferred into particular boxes in which had been stretched the bases of apple M 106 with 9-10 developed leaves


Diflubcnzuron was used in the form of the preparation Dimilin WP 25 Duphar Netherlands in concentrations of 01 p c and 006 p c The preparation was distributed by means of a hand sprayer

There were laid two tests the first one consisting in the treatshyment with Dimilin WP 25 in the concentration of 01 p c of L scitela Zell and L blancardella F before the oviposition and when 5 days old eggs of these miners are treated The secorid test was made only with the eggs of L scitella Zell and Dimilin WP 25 was used in the concenshytration of 006 p c Treatments when the insecticide was used before the oviposition then when the eggs were 0-24 (Fig 1) 24-48 and 96-120 hours old A special treatment was the spraying of 1-3 mm large mines of L scitella Zell

The results of the tests have shown that Dimilin WP 25 in the concentration of 01 p c when the leaves were treated before the oviposition of L blancardella F and L scitella Zell had taken place produced a 100 p c ovicidal effect In the eggs of L scitella Zell were observed caterpillars which did not succeed in hatching (Fig 1B 1)

When the same concentration was applied to the 96-120 hours old eggs of L blancardelta F and L scitella Zell the hatching was bullmiddotccorded in 46-483 p c of cases but the caterpillars perished in the first stage

In the experiment with the use of Dimilin WP 25 in the concenshytration of 006 p c before the oviposition or when the eggs were 0-24 24-48 and 96-120 hours old the caterpillars hatched However when the treatment was effected before the oviposition and when the eggs were 0--24 hours old all the caterpillars periched in the first stage when the size of mines was 3 mm (Fig 2) In the treatment when the eggs were 24-48 hours old from a total of 70 resp 113 hatched catermiddot pillars there survived and concluded their evolution 2 resp 7 catershypillars

When the treatment was effected on L scitella Zell 1-3 mm large mines with Dimilin WP 25 in the concentration of 006 p c no caterpillar perishe~ (Fig 3)

258 Zastmiddotita bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 251-258 (1981) Beograd

LITERATURA

Beck S D et J F Stauffer 1957 The European corn borer Pyrausta nubishylalis (Hbn) and its principal host plant III Toxic factors influencitJlg larshyval establishment Ann entomol Soc Amer 50 pp 166--170

Christensen J J etC L Schneider 1950 European corn borer (Pyrashyu5a nubilalis Hnb) in relation to shank stalk and ear middotTOts of corn Phytoshypathology 40 pp 248-291

Had list e vic D 1969 Kukuruzni plamenac (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn) u svetlu nasih dosadasnjih istrazivanja (sa posebnim osvrtom na pnavce metode i poslignute rczultate realizovane u poslednje vreme) Zbornik radova ~vcshytovanja o novijim dostignuCima u zastiti bilja Zagreb st-r 131-14~

Hook er A L 1957 Factor afifectoing the spred of Diplodia zeae in maculated corn stalks Phytopathology 47 pp 196-199

P c n ci c V Had zis t e vic D 1969 Zapaianja u vezi sa slabijom pojavom trushyldi stabljike i plesnivosti klipa kukuruza u usevima tretitranim insekticidishyma protiv kukuruznog plamenca gtgtSavremena poljoprivredalaquo Br 5-6 str 497-500

S m is s man E E et al 1957 Isolation and syn-thesis of an insect resistance factor from corn plan-ts J Arner Chern Soc 79 pp 4697-4698

Vir tan en A I et al 1956 Additional note on an antifungal factor in mamiddotize and wheat plants Soumen Kernistil B29 p 171

You ng H C Jr 1943 The ToothPick Method of inoculation corn for Ear and lgttalk (Abs) Phytopathology Vol 33 p 16

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF MAIZE RESISTANCE TO OSTRINIA NUBILALIS Hbn AND GIBBERELLA ZEAE (Schw) Petch

by F Baca and M Draganic

Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje Beograd - Zemun Yugoslavia

Summary

The resistance of maize to the European corn borer and pathoshygens of stalk and ear rot was investigated during 1978 and 1979 in 11 inbred lines (1 early 3 medium early and 7 late maturing) under ecoshylogic conditions of Zemun Polje

The trials were set up an three treatments artificial infestation with egg broods of the European corn borer artificial inoculation of the stalk and ear with Gibberella zeae and protection of plants with insecshyticides Basic agronomic traits of plants were estimated and recorshyded ratings taken on the resistance of plants to both agents and the plants dissected

It was fonnd on the basis of trial results that the inbred Line Bl4 expressed the highest resistance Ratings of resistance to the European corn borer based on leaf damage ranged from 39 for middotinbred Polj 17 to 78 for S 144 while on the basis of damages to the whole plant ratings ranged from 22 for A 632 to 53 for Polj 17 Stalk diseaese index ranged from 375 for B 14 to 785 for V 158 Ear disease index ranged from 208 for L lOS to 580 for Polj 17


SOME NEW POSSIBILITIES OF FIGHTING LEAF MINERS

I Clglar I nstitute fur Plant Protection - Zagreb

Summary

A dominant sort of miners Cemiostoma scitella - appeared in the apple orchards of north-east Croatia in the last few years namely in 1978 1979 and 1980 This miner is specially dangerous in the years with favourable weather conditions (rare precipitations high temperatures etc) The middotincidence of miner was predicted by followilng up the b iology of development of a dominant sort of miner The tmiddotime of fighting was determined by following the stages of development Following up the miner population in relation to the presence of their natural enemies i e parasites from the Eulophidae family the time of their incidence was determined In all the years of observation the parasites were found to be caterpillars of the third and fourth generation and only rarely those of the first and second generation Miner fighting should be done by insecticides with selective action but when we h ave to used other insecticides they can be safely used only against the first generatiJOn withou t causing great harm to the natural enemies

The first term of treatment was at the moment of egg laying and the second was when the mines appeared

Piretroids diklorfos metilazinfos an d d iflubenzuron were used for test figh ting The results of the treatment i e effectiveness of insectishycidt testing ranged from 60 to 95 when mines were first detected

By treatment at egg stage with an insecticide like diflubenzurom better results were achieved and the effectiveness tin that period was up to 100

The examination of caterpillars and the determination of parasitshyation with other methods did not show a remarkable presence of entoshymophagi

275 Zastita bilja Vol 323) br 157 269-276 (1981) Beograd

Mandl B (1975) Bramiddotuwe1t 115 41 1565--69 Mandl B Wullinger F Hopulele T Piend1 A (1972) Brauwiss

25277 Post e 1 W Drawer t F G ii v en e U (1972 1973) Brauwiss 25 12 391-395

26 2 46-50 Postel W Gorg A Drawert F Giivene U (1975) Brauwiss 28 10

301-305 Reith J F Engelsma J Ditmarsch van M (1974) Z Lebcnsm Unters

Forsch 156271-78 Schild E Weyh H (1963) Brauwiss 3 Stet ten K Kradel J (1966 Hopfenrundschau 7 uhr A K ii h beck G (1969) Brauwiss 22 199 I

WO middotJ d t ~ h H P fan h a~ s e r W (1977) Die Nahrung 21 8 685-95 Zap a v 1 g n a R (1976) RJV delmiddotla Sooieta Italiana di Scienza dell Alimen~one

Roma P r a vi 1 n i k o maksimalno dozvoljenim koli~inama teskih metala u a1koholshy

nim picima Sl list SFRJ 311963 351978 P r a vi l n i k o opasnim materijama u pijacoj j povrsectinskim vodama Sl list

SFRJ 21974 P r a vmiddoti 1 n i k o izmeni pravitnika o maks~malno dozvoljcnim kolicinama pestishy

cida u fivotnim namirnicama Sl list SFRJ 1711976

PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND THE CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN DRIED HOP CONES BARLEY WATER AND BEER

R Aovljansld B 2ivanovlc J Kligecl Dj Mtlin Institute fur Plant Protection Faculty of Agtioulllure Novi Sad

Division for Development Chemkal Industry raquoZorkalaquo Sabac Institute for Fjeld and Vegetable Crops Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad

Summary

In the course of three years investigations (1976-1979) were exashymined the residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons organophosphoric inshysecticides dithiocarbamates dipyridile and triazine as well as heavy meshytals - components of anorganic-organic fungicides (zinc copper mangashynese tin) and common contaminators of the life environment (lead and arsenic) in dried hop cones barley water and beer

In the investigated samples were not found the isomers of HCH aldrine endrine heptachlorine and endosulfan in the same way were not found the organophosphoric insecticides dithiocarbamates dipyridimiddot les and triazines pesticides which were comprised by the programme of protection

In the cones was found lindane 1320 pgkg on an average total DDT 220 ttgkg on an average and heptachorinepoxide 067 IJgkg on an average The content of copper amounted to 415 Jlgkg on an average of zinc 271 1-lgkg of manganese 164 pgkg of lead 10 llgkg of tin 68 pgkg and of arsenic 0001 JJgkg on an average In berlay was found lindane 286 pgkg on an average total DDT 010 llgkg and heptachlorishynepoxide 001 pgkg on an average and dieldrine 006 1-1gkg The conshytents of copper was 247 pgkg of zinc 242 pgkg on an average of manshyganese 184 pgkg lead tin and arsenic were not found

276 Zastita bilja Vol 32(3) hr 157 U9-276 (1981) Beograd

In water lindans was found 094 pgkg on an average total DDT 012 tLgL dieldrine from 000-0001 11g L The contents of copper amoshyunted to 0041 tJgL on and averade of zinc 0066 JgL of manganese 0132 ~L lead and tin were not found and arsenic in quantities less than 0001 JLgL

In beer were found 052 pgL of lindane on an average and 009 11gL of total DDT The contents of copper amounted to 0110 Jg kg of zinc 0115 (lgkg of manganese 0261 tJgkg of lead 0060 1-Lgkg tin was not found and arsenic 001 JLgL

The amounts found of pesticide residues and the contents of heavy metals are in conformity with literature data and correspond to the Regulation on Maximum Tolerated Quantities of pesticides in victuals resp to the Regulation on foreign substances in water and alcoholic drinks


NEW DATA ABOUT SUGAR-BEET NEMATODE - HETERODERA SCHACHTII SCMIDT

byZ Koruntc and Lj Oitrec

Institute for Plant Protection - Zagreb

Summary

In the course of four years (196 y to 1979 y) about 5000 bullSbulloil samples taken out from 5000 hectares in Croatia were examined against sugar-beet nematodes Heterodera schaclttbullii Schmidt This pest is rather distributed in the examined fields In the some fieMs of a great comshybinate PIK raquoVukovarlaquo even heavy infestation was middotdisovered In the years 1978 and 1979 soil samples taken aut from 1741 ha were examined Sugar-beet nematcxle was found in 948 ha Depending ltm the investation level the producer of sugar-beet (PIK raquoVukovarlaquo) was amiddotdvised about the number of years in which he should not grow host-crops in order the decrease the eehwormpopulation


Iz svega iznetog moze se zakljuciti da izolat raquoNiska sipkalaquo predshystavlja poseban soj virusa mozaika duvana Izolat raquoNiska sipkalaquo sc razlikuje od tipicnog soja virusa mozaik3 duvana po simptomima na test biljkama i seroloskim reakcijama a od virusa mozaika paradajza po simptomima na duvanu var Samsun i Wvite Burley

Za izolat raquoNiska sipkalaquo kao poseban soj virusa mozaika duvana predlaze se naziv gtgtnekroticni soj ljute papricicclaquo


LITERATURA

H o IIi n g s M and Hutting a H (1976) Tomato mosaic virus - C M 1 A A B Descriptions of Plant Viruses September 1976 No 156

J as n i c S (1979) Rasprostranjenost i intenzitet pojave viroze na paprici u Vojshyvodini sa posebnim osvrtom na virus mozaika duVlnna i virus mozaika paradajza- Zastita bilja 148 149-165

Jure tic N (1971) Seroloska istrazivanja virusa mozaika rajcice iz Jugoslavishyje- Acta Bot Croat 3023-31

M i c k o v ski J (1965) Pri-log poznavanju viroza duvana u SR Makedoniji -Posebno izdanjc Jnstituta za tutun u PJibulllepu

N i k o I i C V i J as n i c S (1974) Pojava virusa mozaikla duvana na pnprici u SAP Vojvodini - l V kongres biologn Jugoslavije Rezimei referata str 137 SaraJevo

Pan jan M i P r pic Z den k a (1965) 0 jednoj varijanti virusa mozaika dushyhana izoliranog iz paprike - Arhiv 7a poljoprivredne nauke VIII 19 J-9

~ u t i c D To s i c M i Pes i c Z v e z dan a (1978) Vims mozaika duvana proshyuzrokovaca nckroze paprike - Zastita bilja 146 309-315

Tosic M lvanovic M Mitrovic Gordana Krsmanovic Z i Kojic Z (1979) Prilog poznavanju viroza paprike u na5oj zemlji -Zastita bilja 150 335-343

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF SOME TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS ISOLATES FROM PEPPER

M To~ic and E Vldenov Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade

Beograd - Zemun Yugoslavia

Summary

The relationship of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) isolates raquoNiska sipkalt and raquoSremska Mitrovicalaquo obtained from diseased pepper plants to the TMV type strain (raquoPrileplaquo isolate) and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was studied The relationship among these TMV isolates and strains was studied on the base of reaction of some test plants as well as on the base of serological analysis

Isolate raquoNiska sipkalaquo caused local lesions on Nicotiana glutinosa mild mosaic on N tabacum var Samsun and local lesions and mosaic on N iabacum var White Burley

292 Za~tita bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 285-292 (1981) Beograd

Isolate raquoSremska Matrovicalaquo caused local lesions on Nicotiana glutir1osa mosaic and weak deformation on both tobacco varieties

ToMV isolate caused local Lesions on N glutinosa as well as on N tabacum var White Burley and mosaic on N tabacum var Samsun

Isolate raquoPrileplaquo - type strain of TMV caused local lesions on N glutinosa mosaic and deformation on N tabacum var Samsun and mosaic and weak deformation ~n N tabacum var White Burley

Antiserum prepeared against isolate raquoNisectka Sipkalaquo saturated with healthy tobacco juice reacted positively with all studied TMV isolates or strains But after cross absorption with TMV type strain antigen that antiserum reacted _positively with its homologous antigen as well as with ToMV antigen

On the base of obtained results it can be concluded that raquoNgka Sipkalaquo isolate can be considered as a specific strain of TMV raquoHote pepper necroticlaquo strain is proposed name for this TMV strain

303 Zamta bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 293-305 (1981) Beograd

LITERATURA

A r sen i j e vic M (1975) Bakterioze bidjaka Poljoplivredni fakultet Novi Sad (Bacterial Plant Diseases At the Faculty of ~riculture Press Novi Sad Yugoslavia In Serbocroatian)

B a s hmiddota n Y 0 k on Y Hen is Y (1978) Infection studies of Pseudomonas tomato causal agent of bacterial speck of tomato Phytopamsitica 6 (3)

B a z z i C Fan tin o Pucci M G M a rmiddott in i M (1979) Gravi attaccbi di macchiettatura battericalaquo del pomodoro in EmiHa LImormatore AgrarioVerona XXV (7)

Boss hard-He e r E V o g e 1 sanger J (1977) Obe[llebensfiihigkeit von Pseushydomonas tomato (Okabe) Alstatt in verschiedenen BOden Phytopath Z Bd90 Heft 3

Bur k i T (1972) Pseudomonas tomato (Okabe) Alstatt Erreger einer fiir die Schweiz neuen Tomatenbactecioze Schweizerische Landw Forsohg 11 Heft2 97

K 1em en t Z (1956) Bacterial soft rot in green pepper (C~sicum annum L) Microbiologica III 4 Budapest middot

Okon Y Bashao Y Henis Y (1978) Studies of bacterial -speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas tomato Proc IVth Inter Conf Pl Path Bac

middot Angers France 0 pre a F R a fa i 1a C (1974) A new bacterial diseases in Romania caused by

Pseudomonas tomato on tomatoes and peppers Ann Inst Cere Leg Floshyricult Vol III

Pohronezoy K Volin R B StaU R B (1979) An outbreak of bacterdal speck on fresh - malket tomatoes in South Florida Plant Dis Rep Vol 63 No l

S ti 1e S (1979) Bacterial speck of tomato in Hungary (in Hungarian) Novenyshyvedelem XV 7 Budapest

S u tic D (1957) Bakterioze crvenog patlictiana Institut za za~itu biija Beomiddot grad Posebna izdanja middot

S u t i c D P a o i c M (1969) Metode proucavanja fitopatogenih bakterija Beltr grad (skripta) Wilkie JP Dye D W (1974) Pseudomonas tomato m New ZAaland N Z

Jour Agric Res Vol 17 middot Young J M Dye D W Bradbury J E Panagopou-los C G Robbs

C F (1978) A proposed nomenclature and classification for plant pathoshy genic bacterb N Z Journal of Agricultural Res_ea11ch 21

ETIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BACTERIAL SPECK AND ROT OF TOMATO

by M Arsenljevlc and N Radusln

Faculty of Agriculture Nov4 Sad YugoslaVIia

Sum mmiddotary

Etiological studies of the speck and rot of tomato in Yugoslavia corroborated the hypothesis on the nature of this phenomenon as bacshyteriosis

From the diseased samples were separated in the course of 1974 and 1975 a large nwnber of bacterial isolates six of which were chosen

middot l04 Zastitamiddotmiddot bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 293-305 (1981) Beograd

for further investigations to wit Pt-71 and Pt43 originating from the diseased leaf Pt-68 and Pt-64 from the leaf petiole Pt-69 from the fruit stem and Pt-50 was isolated from the tomato fruit

All these isolates cause a hypersensitive reaction on the tobacco leaf and the necrosis of the tomato and paprika leaves inoculated with the infiltration of bacterial suspension by syringe

On the tomato fruit inoculated by pricking five first isolates (Pt-71 Igtt-69 Pt-68 Pt-64 and Pt-43) cause the appearance of small dark-brown almost black spots of the scab type (Fig 3 left) and on the paprika fruit are manifested local necroses round the puncture at first or brown and afterwards dark almost black colour which makes the impression of the defensive reaction (Fig 5)

The isolate Pt-50 causes on the tomato and paprika fruits the creation of watersoaked brown spots of the rot type the spread and merging of which leads to the complete desorganization and decay of thG former (Fig 3-5)

The inoculation of tomato plants by spraying with the first five middotisolates results in the appearance oftiny black spots on the leaves with a marked chlorotic halo (Fig 2) whereas the isolate Pt-50 causes no changes None of the six investigated isolates caused the changes on the paprika leaves inoculated by spraying

middot On the leaf spitule and stalk of the Sudan grass inoculated by pricking the isolate Pt-50 caused the greatest changes in form of large brown spots in the beginning and the leaf withering and strong necrosis of the stem five days later (Fig 6)

fhe remaining five isolates caused a less intensive necrosis of the tissue round the puncture in form of brown tiny spots which did not spread None of the six isolates caused changes on the Sudan grass inoculated by spraying

With all inoculations by spraying and by puncturing the concenshytration of the bacterial suspensions amounted to lOS cellsml and with the infiltration of tobacco paprmiddotika and tomato leaves 107 cellsml

On the nutritive media (NAS) the isolate Pt-50 forms round yelshylowich colonies of level surface and edges hardly convex profile and of granular structure

The colonies of other five isolates are of pearl-white colour rounshydish and shining of flat surface and edges of convex profile and of fibrous structure

Bacteria of all six investigated isolates are rod-shaped with rounshyded ends asporogenous and gramnegative All the isolates liquefy geshylatin and produce ammonia do not produce hydrogen sulphide nor indole and do not hydrolyze starch whereas only the isolate Pt-50 reshyduce nitrate to nitrite This isolate in the milk medium cause peptonization and the other isolates peptonization and alkalization

The isolate Pt-50 manifests a stronger creation of acid without gas as early as in the first weak of development on the media with

305 Zatita btlja Vol 32(3) br 157 293-305 (1981) Beograd

galactose glucose xylose mannose glycerin and mannite On the memiddot dia containing arabinose and lactose the creation of the acid is poor it occurs only in the fourth resp third week of development and it could be considered as negative

This isolate does not dissociate maltose saccharose dextrin rafmiddot finose starch esculin and dulcite

The other five isolates (Pt-71 Pt-69 Pt-68 Pt-64 Pt-43) strong acids were produced in first week from galactose glucose xylose mannose saccharose glycerine and mannite On arabinose lacoose dextrin starch esculin and dulcite no acid was formed

Pt-43 and Pt-64 do not dissociate raffinose and Pt-71 Pt-69 and Pt-68 meltose These last three isolates cause in the third and fourth week changes on raffinose and the first two isolate on maltose

Taking into consideration the achieved results as regards pathomiddot genic cultivating and biochemical properties of the investigated bacmiddot teria the conclusion may be drawn that all of the six investigated isoshylates are the representatives of the genus Pseudomonas Consequently the isolates Pt-71 Pt-69 Pt-68 Pt-64 and Pt-43 belong to the bacterium Ps tomato (Okabe) ie to the pathovar of the species Ps syringae -Ps syringae pv tomato (0 k abe 1933) comb nov (Young J M et al 1978)

The isolate Pt-50 manifests the greatest analogies with the bacmiddot terium described previously as Ps syringae var capsici (Orsini) K 1 eshymen t As far as we know this raquovarietylaquo has not been known up to now as a tomato parasite and the data concerning its discovery on the paprika (K 1 em en t Z 1956) are rather meager

However such taxonomic belonging of its is controversial since recently (Young J M et al 1978) and to all probability it will unshydergo the proposed changes


THE EFFECT OF SOME FUNGICIDES ON THE FERMENTATION OF MUST

B Cvjetkovlc - G Hrlec Institut for Plant Protection Zagreb

Summary

Great importance is attached today to disease control on grape-vine especially of grey mould using varied fungicides Some of these products have a big influence on fermentation In our experiments we followed the intensity of fermentation of must produced from grapes treated with one of these fungicides Ro nilan Rovral Sumilex and Mycodifol It was confirmed that Rovral Ronilan and Sumilex did not stop the fermentashytion whits the Mycodifol did The percent of alcohol in wine produced from bunches treated with Mycodifol was the last There was no specific difference between the three fungicides and control must The residues of fungicides 1in must and wine were estJimmated by gas~Liqyid chromashytography which affirmed that the residues were below the pennitted tolerance

323 ZUtita bilja Vol 32(3) br 157 313-323 (1981) Beograd

Leaphart C D (1960) A Root Stain Disease of Eastern White Pine Plant Disease Reporter Vol 44 No 9

Orlic S Harapin M Halambek M Mayer B (1973) Susectenje amer~iCshykog borovca u kulturama Sum list br 9-10 str 375-385

Shaw C G Dick M (1980) Verticicladiella Root Disease of Pinus strobus in New Zeland Plant Disease (1980 Pbl 1979) 64 (1) 96-98

Smith R S (1967) Verticicladielta Root Disease of Pines Phytopamiddotthol-osy Vol 57 No 9

Wagener W W Mielke J L (1961) A Staining Fungt~Js Root Disease of Ponderosa Jeffery amp Pinyon Pine Pl Disease Rep Vol 45 No 11

Wayne W i 1cox W (1968) Preparation of Decayed Wood for Microscopical examination Forest Service U S Department of Agriculture-Forest Proshyducts Laboratory FPL056

Wilson R W Hough A F (1966) Bibliography of Eastern White Pmiddotine Pishynus strobus L) 1~1954 U S Forest Service Research paper NE-44

VERTICICLADIELLA PROCERA KENDRICK CAUSAL ORGANISM OF EASTERN WHITE PINE WILTING IN CONIFERS CULTURE

M Halambek Forestry Institute - Jastrebarsko

Summary

The wilting of Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L) is new regishystered disease in conifers cultures In the course of ~investigation it was obtained that this disease has been occured on sites with bad soU dreshynage and unsuitable water-air regime From the wilting trees it was isolated and determinated V erticicladiella procera Kendrick on most investigated localities This organism is the new fungus species found in Croatia The pathogenicity of Verticicladiella procera was tested and confirmed in inoculation experiments on Eastern white pine two-year old seedlings

Zaltita bilja Vol 32(3) br 151 201-323 (1981) Beograd

CONTENTS Strana

In memoriam

Lj Vasiljevic Akademik prof dr Mladen Josifovi6 - 207

smiddotci en t j f i c papers

Z Kovacevit Vorkonunen partenogenetischer oarten dermiddot gat-tung Otiorrhynchus oin Jugosawien - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 233

D Camprag R A Thalji Results of studies of the degree of infestation of individual parts of large fields under sunflower by the plant louse Brachycaudus helishycllrysi Kalt (Homoptera Aphididae) - - - - - - - - - 232

D Simova-ToJic K Dobrivojevic Cont-ribution to the knowledge of the black currant leaf midge Dasyshyneura tetensi Rlibsaamen (Diptera Cecidomyidae) - - - - - 239

M l njac Results of laboratory investigations of the ovicidal effect of diflubenshyzuron on e~ of diff-erent age o leaf mi-ners of aple Leucoptera scitella Zell and Lithocolletis blancardella F - - - - - - - - 248

F Bala M Draganic Con~ribution to the study of maize resimiddotstance to Ostrlnia nubilalis Hbn and Gibberella zeae (Schw) Petch - - - - 258

I Ciglar Some new possibilities of ofighting leaf miners - - - - - - 267

R Sovljanski B Zivanovit J KiJgeci D Milin Pesticide residues and the cxmtenofJs of heavy mebals in dried hop cones barley water and beer - - - - - - - - - - - - 275

Z Koruni~ Lj Osecttrec middot New data about sugar-beet nematode - H eterodera schachtii Schmidt 283

M Tosic E Videnov Contribution to the middotstudy of some tobacco mosaic vi~ ioolates from pepper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 291

M Arsenijevit N Radusin Etiological invest4gations of the bacterial speck and rot of tomato - 303

B Cvjetkovic G Hrlec The effect middotor 30me fungicides on the fermentation of must - - - 311

M Halambek Verticicladiella procera Kendrick causal organism of eastern white pine wilting in conilers culture - - - - - - - - - 323



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Documents

(PLANT PROTECTION) - izbis.com. 32 (3).pdf · vocarstvo, 11-12, Ca~k. Skuhrava, M.- Skuhravy, V. (1960): Bejlomorky, Praha. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BLACK CURRANT LEAF