Plant ProcessesPlant Processes

Chapter 12Chapter 12

FertilizationFertilization

1.1. Pollen is Pollen is transported from the transported from the antheanther to the r to the stigmastigma and a tube forms. and a tube forms.

2.2. Pollen goes down Pollen goes down tube (tube (stylestyle) to ) to ovuleovule

3.3. Sperm cell fuses Sperm cell fuses with egg cell.with egg cell.

4.4. The egg develops The egg develops into a seed.into a seed.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuYrFwDuYn0&feature=related

Familiar FruitsFamiliar Fruits

Fruits form in the ovary Fruits form in the ovary of the flower as the of the flower as the ovules are ovules are developing into developing into seeds.seeds.

The fruit holds and The fruit holds and protects the seeds.protects the seeds.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwCpQflmQG4

Seeds become new plantsSeeds become new plants

Seeds can become Seeds can become dormant after the dormant after the young plant inside the young plant inside the seed stops growing.seed stops growing.

When a seed is When a seed is planted in an planted in an environment that has environment that has water, oxygen and the water, oxygen and the right temperature, it right temperature, it sprouts.sprouts.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDN0yAFcQok

Other methods of Other methods of reproductionreproduction

Many flowering Many flowering plants can reproduce plants can reproduce asexually (without asexually (without flowers, seeds, or flowers, seeds, or fruits.)fruits.)

In asexual In asexual reproduction, part of reproduction, part of the plant produces a the plant produces a new plant.new plant.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcnTg7ZCoc

What happens during What happens during photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

During During photosynthesis photosynthesis plants take in carbon plants take in carbon dioxide and water dioxide and water and absorb light and absorb light energy. They make energy. They make sugar and release sugar and release oxygen.oxygen.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgYPeeABoUs

ChlorophyllChlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is green pigment that is in the chloroplasts of in the chloroplasts of plant cells.plant cells.

Chlorophyll reflects Chlorophyll reflects green light, which is green light, which is why plants appear why plants appear green.green.

Gas Exchange- plant Gas Exchange- plant breathingbreathing

Plants take in COPlants take in CO22

through little holes in through little holes in the cuticle called the cuticle called stomata (one is stomata (one is called stoma) called stoma)

Transpiration is the Transpiration is the release of water (like release of water (like sweating).sweating).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4rzLhz4HHk

Plant TropismsPlant Tropisms

Growth in response Growth in response to stimulus is called to stimulus is called tropism.tropism.

Plant growth toward Plant growth toward a stimulus is positive a stimulus is positive tropism, plant growth tropism, plant growth away from a stimulus away from a stimulus is negative tropism.is negative tropism.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zctM_TWg5Ik

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7TmX0rrNRM

PhototropismPhototropism

A change in the A change in the growth of a plant in growth of a plant in the direction of light is the direction of light is called phototropism. called phototropism.

The bending occurs The bending occurs because cells in one because cells in one side of the shoot grow side of the shoot grow faster than on the faster than on the other side of the other side of the shoot.shoot.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze8NV7cvW8k&feature=related

gravitropismgravitropism

Roots will naturally Roots will naturally grow in the direction grow in the direction of gravity, and shoots of gravity, and shoots will naturally grow in will naturally grow in the opposite direction the opposite direction of gravity.of gravity.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYZXax8V_L0&feature=fvst

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXc6AVVa2_E

Seasonal ResponsesSeasonal Responses

The difference between The difference between day length and night day length and night length is an important length is an important stimulus for many plants.stimulus for many plants.

Some plants flower only Some plants flower only in late summer and early in late summer and early autumn when the night is autumn when the night is long. These are called long. These are called short-day plants.short-day plants.

Others flower when the Others flower when the night is short. These are night is short. These are called long-day plants.called long-day plants.

Seasonal Changes in Seasonal Changes in LeavesLeaves

All trees lose their leaves All trees lose their leaves at some time.at some time.

Evergreens shed and Evergreens shed and grow leaves all year.grow leaves all year.

Deciduous trees lose all Deciduous trees lose all their leaves at the same their leaves at the same time each year, usually time each year, usually before winter. Having before winter. Having bare branches reduces bare branches reduces the loss of water through the loss of water through transpiration.transpiration.

Plant GrowthPlant Growth

Chapter 12, section 4Chapter 12, section 4

HeredityHeredity

A plants traits, like A plants traits, like leaf shape or red leaf shape or red flowers, are flowers, are determined mainly by determined mainly by DNA.DNA.

EnvironmentEnvironment

A plant’s traits are A plant’s traits are determined by determined by genes, but its genes, but its behavior and behavior and appearance can be appearance can be affected by the affected by the environment. environment.

Plant HormonesPlant Hormones

Heredity and Heredity and environment can environment can affect a plant’s affect a plant’s production of production of Hormones. Hormones.

Hormones are Hormones are chemical messengers chemical messengers that carry information that carry information from one part of an from one part of an organism to another. organism to another.

AuxinAuxin

Auxin is one of five Auxin is one of five major plant major plant hormones. It is hormones. It is produced in shoot tips produced in shoot tips and has many effects and has many effects on plant growth.on plant growth.

For example, Auxin is For example, Auxin is involved in involved in phototropism.phototropism.

GibberellinGibberellin

Gibberellin affects Gibberellin affects plant growth in many plant growth in many ways. It causes ways. It causes plants to grow tall, plants to grow tall, and flower stalks to and flower stalks to grow long.grow long.

Farmers often apply Farmers often apply plant hormones to plant hormones to plants to make them plants to make them grow in desirable grow in desirable ways.ways.