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Plant Identification

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Why do we identify plants?

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MONOCOT DICOT Leaves with parallel veins Petals in multiples of three Vascular bundles in stems scattered Leaves with net-like veins Petals in multiples of four or five Vascular bundles form rings in stems

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Plant Parts Important: Shoot Root Node Internode Leaf parts (more on those next)

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Compound Leaves OR PINNATE

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Leaf Monster

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Grass Leaf Part Names

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HEAD Inflorescence Types http://www.vplants.org/plants/glossary/plate08.html CYME CORYMB

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Taxonomy LevelExample KingdomPlantae PhylumMagnoliaphyta ClassMagnoliopsida OrderSapindales FamilyAnacardiaceae GenusTaxicodendron Speciesradicans Scientific name

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Scientific Names: Genus species Capitalized lower case Italics or Underlined

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Plant Families You Need to Know LatinCommon TyphaceaeCattails JuncaceaeRushes CyperaceaeSedges PoaceaeGrasses FabaceaeLegumes AsteraceaeAsters AnacardiaceaeSumac

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Typhaceae Typha angustifolia Narrow-leafed cattail Typha latifolia Broad-leafed cattail INVASIVE Leaves: - Strap-like - Helical twist Flowers: - Unisexual - Staminate above carpellate

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Juncaceae Stems: - Round Leaves: - Usually only at the base -Two-ranked - Ligules absent, Auricle present Flowers: - Appear to come from the side of the stem (floral bract sticks up) Juncus effusus Common reed

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Cyperaceae Stems: - Triangular (trigonous) Leaves: -Three-ranked - No Ligules Cyperus esculentus Yellow nutsedge

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Poaceae Stems: - Round or oval Leaves: - Alternate - Open tubular sheaths - Usually have ligules Flowers: - Spikelets Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass

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Fabaceae Leaves: -Compound - Stipulate - Margins entire Flowers: - Bilateral symmetry - Banner petals & wing petals Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Sweet Pea Flower- Example of a typical fab flower

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Asteraceae Leaves: - Highly variable Flowers: - Compound heads - Ray flowers & Disc flowers Helianthus angustifolius Swamp sunflower

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Aster Flowers

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Anacardiaceae Leaves: - Usually alternate - No stipules - Simple, trifoliate, or oddly pinnate Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy Toxicodendron vernix Poison sumac

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Leaf Shapes http://www.paulnoll.com/

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Margins

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Grass

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Life Cycles Annual Biennial Perennial