Plant DiversityPlant Diversity

The Origin of Plants from AlgaeThe Origin of Plants from Algae

Plants evolved from algae.Plants evolved from algae. Oldest plant fossil is 475 millions years old!Oldest plant fossil is 475 millions years old!

Plant- Plant- multicellular autotroph in which the multicellular autotroph in which the embryo develops within the female parent.embryo develops within the female parent. Multicellular?Multicellular? Autotroph?Autotroph? Embryo?Embryo?

Challenges of Life on LandChallenges of Life on Land

1) Obtaining resource1) Obtaining resource AirAir SoilSoil

2) Staying upright2) Staying upright LigninLignin- hardens cell walls- hardens cell walls

Challenges of Life on LandChallenges of Life on Land

3) Maintaining moisture3) Maintaining moisture CuticleCuticle- helps the plant to maintain moisture - helps the plant to maintain moisture Stomata- Stomata- pores for gas exchangepores for gas exchange

4) Reproducing4) Reproducing Plants must keep offspring Plants must keep offspring

from drying outfrom drying out Seeds in “jacket”Seeds in “jacket” Embryo develops in female Embryo develops in female

Plant DiversityPlant Diversity Charophytes- Charophytes- algae algae

ancestors; lived in shallow ancestors; lived in shallow waterwater

Bryophytes- Bryophytes- no seeds no seeds (mosses)(mosses)

PteridophytesPteridophytes- lignin- - lignin- hardened tissue (ferns)hardened tissue (ferns)

Gymnosperms- Gymnosperms- “naked” “naked” seeds (conifers)seeds (conifers)

Angiosperms- Angiosperms- seeds in seeds in ovaries (flowering plants)ovaries (flowering plants)

VideoVideo

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Reproductive structures are flowersReproductive structures are flowers Embryo develops within the female (in the Embryo develops within the female (in the

flower)flower)

Flower Structure Flower Structure

FLOWERFLOWER- reproductive - reproductive structure in angiospermsstructure in angiosperms

StamenStamen- Male part- Male part AntherAnther- at tip; produces - at tip; produces

pollen (which contains sperm)pollen (which contains sperm) FilamentFilament- stalk- stalk

CarpelCarpel- Female part - Female part OvaryOvary- Chamber that holds - Chamber that holds

the embryo in the carpel (the the embryo in the carpel (the “fruit”). “fruit”).

Fruit or Vegetable?Fruit or Vegetable?

Fruit- ovary protecting SEEDSFruit- ovary protecting SEEDS Vegetable- edible roots, stems, or leavesVegetable- edible roots, stems, or leaves

Computer ActivityComputer Activity

Phsuccessnet.comPhsuccessnet.com 19.1, 19.519.1, 19.5 Turn in when completed in bin.Turn in when completed in bin. Start homework.Start homework.

Transpiration LabTranspiration Lab Transpiration- Loss of water from a plant, Transpiration- Loss of water from a plant,

especially from the leaves.especially from the leaves.

Transpiration LabTranspiration Lab

Photosynthesis: How a plant makes food; Photosynthesis: How a plant makes food; occurs in the chloroplast.occurs in the chloroplast.

Transpiration LabTranspiration Lab

Make a testable hypothesis to answer this Make a testable hypothesis to answer this question:question:

“ “How is plant transpiration rate affected by How is plant transpiration rate affected by light?”light?”

Transpiration LabTranspiration Lab

Data TableData Table

Transpiration LabTranspiration Lab

VariablesVariables

Flower DissectionFlower Dissection

Reproductive structuresReproductive structures

male: stamenmale: stamen anther + filament anther + filament

female: carpelsfemale: carpels

ovary + style + stigmaovary + style + stigma

Flower DissectionFlower Dissection

(carpel)

Flower FunctionFlower Function

Reproduction (“pollination”)Reproduction (“pollination”) Insect-pollinatorsInsect-pollinators Wind-pollination Wind-pollination

PollinationPollination

EndospermEndosperm- nutrient-- nutrient-storing tissue; feeds the storing tissue; feeds the embryo as it developsembryo as it develops

Fruit- Fruit- ripened ovary of ripened ovary of a flower; protect & help a flower; protect & help disperse seedsdisperse seeds

Double fertilizationDouble fertilization

1)1) One sperm fertilizes egg cellOne sperm fertilizes egg cell zygote zygote

2)2) Other sperm fertilizes outside of ovaryOther sperm fertilizes outside of ovaryforms ENDOSPERM: nutrients for forms ENDOSPERM: nutrients for

embryoembryo

3) Embryo + endosperm 3) Embryo + endosperm seed seed

Seed dispersalSeed dispersal

Animal partsAnimal parts

Hidden in fruits that are eaten or decomposed Hidden in fruits that are eaten or decomposed

WaterWater

WindWind

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Seed developmentSeed developmentRoot & shoot emergeRoot & shoot emerge

cotyledonscotyledons helps plant get nutrients helps plant get nutrients

dicot: twodicot: two monocots: onemonocots: one

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Seed developmentSeed development

http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T630888A.gif

GerminationGermination

Absorbed water splits seed coat.Absorbed water splits seed coat.

Shoot makes its way to surface.Shoot makes its way to surface.

Root grows down.Root grows down.