Plant Circulation and Transport

• Mycorrhizae

• Root hairs

• Macronutrients for plants

• C, H, O, N, K, Ca, P, Mg, S

• Micronutrients for plants

• Fe, Cl, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, B

• Xylem

• Vessel Member

• Tracheids

• Transpiration

• Factors that Affect

• Humidity

• Temperature

• Sunlight

• Wind

Plant Circulation and Transport

• Phloem• Sieve-tube members• Companion cells.• Phloem loading• Active transport• Role of xylem and water• Source to Sink flow• Translocation

Plant Reproduction

• Importance of flowers• Importance of pollen• Importance of seeds• Sepals• Petals• Stamen

– Anther

– Filament

• Pistil– Stigma– Style– Ovary

Pollen must physically fit the stigma for pollination to occur. Important for species recognition.

The Flower

• Adaptations• Coevolution• UV markings• Nectaries• Perfect Flowers• Imperfect Flowers• Monoecious• Diecious

Angiosperm Reproduction

• Meiosis• Occurs in anthers and

ovaries.• Forms haploid spores.• Microspores in the anthers.• Megaspores in the ovaries.• These divide by mitosis to

form haploid, multicellular gametophytes.

• These form embryo sacs and pollen grains.

• Fertilization• Pollen tube• Ovule develops into a

seed.• Ovary develops into a

fruit.

Other information concerning plants

• Seed dispersal mechanisms

• Seed coat

• Germination

• Cotyledons

• Vegetative propagation

Plant Hormones

• Auxins--Promote cell elongation; stimulates division in the vascular cambium, promotes flowering and fruit formation.

• Gibberellins—Stimulate cell division and elongation, inhibit seed formation, stimulate flowering and pollen-tube growth, ends dormancy, increases fruit size.

• Cytokinins—Promote cell division in stems; facilitates healing of wounds, prolongs life of leaves, flowers, and fruits.

• Ethylene gas—regulates metabolism, promotes fruit ripening, regulate shedding of leaves and flowers.

• Abscisic Acid—Inhibits growth, promotes dormancy & stomate closure.

Plant Responses

• Photoperiodism• Phytochrome• Tropisms• Phototropisms• Role of auxins• Gravitropism• Positive and negative

examples

• Thigmotropism• Tendrils