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Plant CellsPlant Cells
• Cells: The basic structural unit of all living things– Plants, animals, etc.
• Chlorphyll: Green substance that must be present for plants to produce food
Nucleus and Cell Nucleus and Cell MembraneMembrane
• The cell MEMBRANE gives the cell its shape and holds the cytoplasm
• The cell NUCLEUS is the brain of the cell and controls most cell activities
• The NUCLEAUR MEMBRANE separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell
• NUCLEOLUS helps make ribosomes
CytoplasmCytoplasm
• Most of the cell is made up of CYTOPLASM, a clear, jelly-like substance– Water and some chemicals
• RIBOSOMES are where proteins are made and are found in the cytoplasm– Jobs include the formation of cell parts and
activity regulation
Cell StructuresCell Structures
• Mitochondria: Produce energy from food which has been digested– Known as the cells “power plants”
• Chloroplasts: Give plants their green color• Cell wall: Gives the plants shape and is the
only thing left when a plant dies– Example: Wood
Vegetative StructuresVegetative Structures
• Leaves: The food factory of the plant• This is where photosynthesis occurs
–Blade: Flat part of the leaf– Leaflet: Single division of a compound leaf–Rachis: Main stem of a compound leaf–Margin: Outside edge of the leaf
LeavesLeaves• Midrib: Large center vein where other veins originate • Petiole: Leaf’s stem which connects it to the plant stem• Stipules: Secondary growths at the base of the petiole– Scales, hairs, or leaf-like structures
RootsRoots
Roots are the portion of the plant which grows underground
•Taproot: One major root that is larger than the rest•Fibrous Root: Small roots which spread out in the soil•Adventitious Root: Roots which form on the plant stems or leaves
Flowers, cont.Flowers, cont.• Complete Flower: Has all four parts of a flower– Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil
• Incomplete Flower: Missing one or more parts
• Perfect Flower: Has both stamens and pistil• Imperfect Flower: Lacks either stamens or pistil
FruitFruit
• Fruit formation begins with pollination
• Pollen travels from the anther to the stigma
• Moves from the stigma down the style into the ovary
• Fruit is a ripened ovary
SeedsSeeds• Form inside the plant’s ovary– Each seed holds the embryo, or fertilized egg of a
new plant