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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions 1
Plant-Animal Interactions
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Course Website
● www.adamoliverbrown.com ● syllabus ● office hours ● lecture notes ● discussion forum ● dates ● news
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
History of Biological Thoughts
3 Aristotle Theophrastus
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Charles Darwin (1859)
● ‘Tangled Web’ led to the field of Ecology
● Layers of interactions are foundation for biodiversity
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Diversity of Interactions
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● Interactions principally based on food, secondarily on shelter
● Community typically simplified
Fig. 1.4
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Diversity of Interactions
● Diversity of interactions increases by several orders of magnitude up trophic ladder – Plants can be attacked
by 200-300 spp. of insect
– Insects can be chased by 10-20 predators
6 Fig. 1.5
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Biodiversity
7 Fig. 1.2
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Groups with Extreme Adaptive Radiation
Taxa Sp. diversity Lepidoptera 160,000 Diptera 125,000 Hymenoptera 150,000 Coleoptera 350,000 Aves 9,000 Chiroptera 1,000
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Plant Diversity Depends on Animals
● Dominance of angiosperms based on mutualisms – Seed dispersal – Zoophilous
pollination ● Led to microhabitat
adaptations
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Plant Phytochemistry
10 Fig. 1.7
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Sequestration
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Asclepias spp.: cardiac glycosides
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Endosymbiotic Mutualists
12 Fig. 1.8 Fig. 4.3
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Colonization of Land
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Diversification via Niche Exploitation
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Fig. 1.10
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Diversification via Mutualisms
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● Oncidiine orchids ● Orchid diversification
prompted specialization and subsequent diversification of pollinators ● Wasps/halictids ● Birds/butterflies ● Euglossine bees
● Leapfrog Radiation
Fig. 1.14
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BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Diversification via Arms Race
16 Fig. 1.11
glucosinolates
alkaloids Cardiac
glucosides
BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions BIO 4134: Plant-Animal Interactions
Questions?
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