Plans and Volume , Elements of the Vissuble Structure 2

8/3/2019 Plans and Volume , Elements of the Vissuble Structure 2

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PLAN and VOLUME

ELEMENTS of THE VISIBLE STRUCTURE

THE INVISIBLE & VISIBLE STRUCTURE

Men begin to create shelter by

surrounding space with materials.

Space itself is indefinable and

intangible and has no limits.

Yet when it is enclosed with stone

and steel according to accepted

rules of composition, the result is

called architecture.

In providing shelter it is to be observed

that buildings have walls and roofs, doors

and windows, and that these elements

are assembled in simple or complex

manner.

Whatever the type or character of the

building, parts of it are more evident to

the observer than others - the exterior or

more readily seen and understood than in

the arrangement of the rooms, which iscalled the plan .

Thus, there exist the invisible and the

visible structure, or the plan pattern and

the apparent volume.

STRUCTURAL

ELEMENTS

WALLS

COLUMNS

BEAMS

TRUSSES

FRAMEWORK

STRUCTURAL

ELEMENTS FORMS

SOLID

SURFACE

SKELETAL

MEMBRANE

HYBRID

Structural Elements

Walls


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Shells

Columns

Beams


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Evolution of lightweight structural

elements

Planar

Trusses

Prismatic (space framing)

Frameworks


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Bracing

Membrane


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Hybrid

II. PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS

ROOF- pyramidal, gambrel, conical,

gable, hipped, combinations

DOMES- high, low, pointed,

hemispherical, flat/saucer- like, onion-

shaped, melon shaped

VAULTING- barrel, rib and panel, groined

vault, stellar, fan or conoidal

BALLUSTRADES

Roof


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CIRCULATORY ELEMENTS

(movement of light and air)

OPENINGS to

permit passage from the

exterior to the interior orfrom one room to another

CORRIDORS

to allow travel from one part

of the building to another

STAIRS, RAMPS,

ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS

make possible the

communication between the

various floors

DECORATIVE ELEMENTS

MOULDINGS classified according to

their purpose

Terminate the ones which

crown a group of

moldings or a

cornice (direction is

usually horizontal)

Support moldings more

sturdy in character

(direction is vertical)

Separate these concave,

convex and flat

surfaces which give

interest to a

composition by

reasons of

introducing a change

in direction between

2 or more important

elements.

Translate usually have an

outward and

downward direction

to their contours. (ex.

Base of column and

wall)

DECORATIVE ELEMENTS

TWO FORMS OF

DECORATIONS

TWO-

DIMENSI

ONAL:

PAINTING Painted

Decoration

Mosaic

Frescoes

MOSAIC- tiles, marbles

INLAYS metals, woods, etc.

- THREE-

DIMENSI

ONAL:

ORNAMENT (carved orhammered) low or high relief

SCULPTURE low-relief, in

the round, free standing

BASIC ELEMENT IN ORGANIZING

DECORATIVE FORMS

ORIGIN: Straight Line- fret,

zig-zag, diaper, square,

triangle, etc.

COMPOSITION: Arrangement

within a border, within an

area, all over pattern

TREATMENT: Variation of

Size, Shape, Tone


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Informal

Formal-

repetition, alternation,

gradiation

Radiation

, balance, emphasis,

etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LINES:

STRAIGHT LINE sturdy, masculine, it

belongs to architecture, it has its moods:

VERTICAL expresses the spirit of the

Gothic, it is proud and exalted, it is

inspiration

HORIZONTAL represents the horizon of

the seascape, it is calm and peaceful, it is

repose

DIAGONAL symbolizes the flight of

geese; it is vigorous or even angry, it is

action

CURVED LINE more subtle than the

straight line. It is more graceful andsensitive. It is feminine and represents

architecture which caters to the

emotional rather than the physical.

Concept Sourcebook

Microsoft Encarta Premium Suite

2003

Pickering, Edward, Architectural

Design

Tony Hunts Structure Notebook

From the power point presentation of

Ar. Willa Solomon

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Plans and Volume , Elements of the Vissuble Structure 2