Planning F/S and derivation T-DAB reception for …/media/Broadcast Carriage Policy...DRBA research project Planning F/S and derivation T-DAB reception for Mobile and Indoor 29th January

DRBA research project

Planning F/S and derivation

T-DAB reception for

Mobile and Indoor

29th January 2008

by

BTC Australia P/L

Compiled by:

Wayne Dickson MIEAust. CPEng. NPER

BTC Australia P/L © Commercial Radio Australia 2008

Planning F/S and derivation – T-DAB reception – research for DRBA

© Commercial Radio Australia 2008 Page 1 29th

January 2008

General:

There are many Standards and documents defining in varying ways with cross referencing between

each other, the Planning Field Strengths (F/S) required in predicting vehicular mobile and indoor (table

top) coverage in T-DAB systems. The dominating Standards and documents are:

1. EBU BPN-003 issue 3 [1]

2. ETSI TR 101 758 V2.1.1 (2000-11) [2]

3. ITU-R Rec. BS.1660-3 [3]

4. ITU RRC-06 [4]

These documents have accumulated a great deal of history and need to be reviewed as a check upon

there alignment to current receiver performance. There now is an advantage of having available many

consumer T-DAB receivers with their many different implementations, hence rather than relying upon

theoretically derived values or drawing upon for example DVB-T performance, the actual performance

can be ascertained to derive the required planning parameters.

Characterisation of current consumer T-DAB receivers allows with confidence updates of the planning

F/Ss. On-going receiver testing will enhance / adjust this confidence and lead to recommended updated

F/Ss and allows coverage prediction via tuned deterministic models to represent more accurately the

consumer’s experience of T-DAB reception.

Comparison summary of available Standards & documents:

The current recorded VHF Band III T-DAB parameters are:

1 Calculated from Minimum F/S by adding LF (12.8dB), RX Ant Hgt (13dB) & Man made noise (1dB)

2 For Reference Planning Configuration (RPC) that is a SFN group of transmitters providing reception

3 Calculation at 225MHz

4 Table entries has 5.6dB C/N correction to 7.4dB Gaussian C/N totalling 13dB

5 11dBµV = (-3.3dBµV (0dB NF) + 7dB NF + 7.4dB C/N Threshold) rounded

6 Derived from LF = µ σo where µ = 2.33 for 99% & σo = Std Dev. Outdoors (5.5dB)

7 Derived from the Standard Deviations of Outdoor (σo) and Indoor (σi) levels via CF = µ√ (σo

2 + σi

2) where µ = 1.64 for 95%

Table 1 Parameter EBU

BPN-003

ETSI

TR 101 758

ITU-R

BS.1660-3

ITU

RRC-06

Latest year of publication Feb 2003 Nov 2000 2006 June 2006

Mobile & portable 58 641 58 60

2 Min F/S @ 10m

(dBµV/m) Portable indoor 63 - - 66

Minimum F/S @ Rx (1.5m ant.) (dBµV/m) 31 373 35 -

Standard deviation - Outdoor (dB) 5.5 - 5.5 5.5

Minimum C/N (Gaussian) (dB) 7.4 - - -

C/N used in planning (Rayleigh) (dB) 134 14 - 15

Mobile -2.2 -6 OD slightly lower

than dipole -2 RX antenna gain

@ 200 MHz (dBd) Portable -2.2 -6 OD slightly lower

than dipole -2

Antenna feeder loss (dB) 0 1 - 2

RX NF (dB) 7 6 - 7

Minimum receiver I/P level (dBµV)5 11 - - -

Mobile (99%)6 12.8 - 13 13 Location correction

factor (LF) Indoor (95%)7 10.3 - - 10

RX antenna height 10m to 1.5m (dB) 13 - 10 12

Loss 8 - - 9 Building penetration

loss (dB) Std Dev 3 - - 3

Man-made noise (dB) 1 - - -



January 2008

Current consumer T-DAB Receiver characterisation:

Clearly from a comparison between the figures of the available Standards and documents there was a

need to freshly derive the parameters characterising the T-DAB receiver. The analysis in this report

will be restricted to:

1. Mobile – a radio installed in a vehicle

2. Indoor – a table top radio or portable radio with whip antennas used indoors

Portable outdoor especially those with headphone antennas are not covered in this analysis.

ACMA

DRCP

reference

CRA T-DAB Receiver

characterisation

Table 2 Parameter

EBU

BPN-003

Test results

range

Test results

Selected

value

Value to be

used in

planning

Minimum C/N (Gaussian) (dB) 7.4 6.3 to 8.6 7.4 7.4

C/N used in planning (Rayleigh) (dB) 13 13 to 158 13 13

Mobile - outdoor -2.2

(k=14.5) -5

9 -5

-5

(k=17.3) RX antenna gain

(dBd)

@ 200 MHz Indoor (Table top) -2.2

(k=14.5) -6.4 to -25 -8

-8

(k=20.3)

Antenna feeder loss (dB)10

0 0 0 0

RX NF (dB) 7 4.1 to 9 8 8

Minimum receiver I/P level (Gaussian) (dBµV) 11 9.4 to 12.3 12 1211

Standard deviation - Outdoor (dB) 5.5 - - 5.5

Mobile (99%) 12.8 - - 12.8 Location correction

factor (LF) Indoor (95%) 10.3 - - 11.612

RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m (dB) 13 - - 13

Loss 8 5 to 17.4 513

1114

5 11 Building penetration

loss (dB) [5] Std Dev 3 4.4 4.4 4.4

Man-made noise (dB) 1 - - 1

Interference allowance15

- - - 1

Derived F/S:

Mobile (50%) 3116

- - 3517

Indoor (50%) 3918

- - 43 4919

Mobile (99%) 4520

- - 49

Min F/S @ 1.5m

(dBµV/m)

Indoor (95%) 5021

- - 56 62

Mobile (99%) 58 - - 63 Min F/S @ 10m

(dBµV/m) Indoor (95%) 63 - - 70 76

8 Initial results with single -3dB echo without Doppler. Doppler loading adds an extra 1.2dB.

9 Vehicle mounted Blaupunkt antenna

10 Inbuilt or direct connector mounted antennas

11 12dBµV = (-3.3dBµV (0dB NF) + 8dB NF + 7.4dB C/N Threshold) rounded

12 Derived from the Standard Deviations of Outdoor (σo) and Indoor (σi) levels via LF = µ√ (σo

2 + σi

2) where µ = 1.64 for 95%

13 Sydney Survey result for the average of in-building loss of ground & level 1 domestic dwellings (suburban)

14 Sydney Survey result for the average of in-building loss of ground & level 1 of all building types (urban)

15 Refer ACMA DTTB Planning Handbook [6] Clause 4.6 – is applied only to the 10m antenna height figures

16 31 dBµV/m = (11dBµV (Min I/P) + 5.6dB (extra C/N) + 14.5dB (ant K)) rounded (No man-made noise allowance)

17 35 dBµV/m = (12dBµV (Min I/P) + 5.6dB (extra C/N) + 17.3dB (ant K)) rounded (No man-made noise allowance)

18 39 dBµV/m = 31dBµV/m (Minimum Equivalent F/S at receiving place) + 8dB (Building penetration loss)

19 35 dBµV/m = (12dBµV (Min I/P) + 5.6dB (extra C/N) + 20.3dB (ant K)) rounded + 11dB (Building penetration loss)

20 45 dBµV/m = (31dBµV/m (50%) + 12.8dB (LF) + 1dB (Man-made noise))rounded

21 50 dBµV/m = (39dBµV/m (50%) + 10.3dB (LF) + 1dB (Man-made noise))rounded



January 2008

Reasons for adoption or change (from tests on receivers in market):

1. Minimum C/N (Gaussian): The measurement results varied from 6.3dB to 8.6dB; hence the current

7.4dB is seen as fair.

2. Minimum C/N used in planning (Rayleigh): Initial testing suggests the additional 5.6dB that totals

13dB may be fair (further testing to confirm or adjust).

3. RX antenna gain: The -2.2dBd in EBU BPN 003 is very clearly incorrect as this gain can only be

provided by the best λ/4 dipole on a ground plane and is not available to λ/2 whip or wire antennas

without ground planes. The gains vary from -6.4dBd to -25dBd but with a good λ/2 (~0.75m) whip

a gain of -8 dBd is available. The ETSI TR 101 758 is more realistic with -6dBd.

4. RX NF: The measurement of NF was found to vary from 4.1dB to 9dB with most receivers having

a higher NF. Although further testing may change this figure, 8dB NF would appear to represent

most receivers fairly.

5. Minimum receiver I/P level (Gaussian): This value is the result of the NF and the C/N threshold

value of the mode of operation.

6. Standard deviation – Outdoor: Although the Building penetration loss Survey [5] provided a lower

figure of 4.3dB for the outside Standard Deviation, all Standards and documents are consistent in

the use of 5.5dB, hence this value will be used.

7. Location correction factor (LF): This factor is directly derived from the Standard Deviation and the

required Location availability and assumes a normal distribution of the levels / F/S.

a. For Mobile the formula: LF = µ σo where µ = 2.33 for 99% & σo = Std Dev. Outdoors

(5.5dB) that results in 12.8dB for Mobile required availability of 99%.

b. For Indoor the formula: as it is a combination of two Standard Deviations the LF is derived

from the Standard Deviations of Outdoor (σo) and Indoor (σi) levels via LF = µ√ (σo2 + σi

2)

where σo = 5.5dB; σi = 4.4dB; µ = 1.64 for 95% giving 11.6dB

8. RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m: Conversion requires converting the derived figures at 1.5m to a

10m antenna height that is used in coverage and interference prediction applications like ITU-R

P.1546 or RRC-06. This is a statistical value that remains unchallenged at 13dB.

9. Building penetration loss: This is a F/S loss experienced within different types of buildings and has

an accompanying Standard Deviation. The loss has been derived form an Australian Survey [5]

and has been averaged between ground floor and level 1 of domestic dwellings, flats, units, retail

premises and office buildings where the losses vary from 4.9dB to 17.4dB and gave an average of

11dB. EBU BPN 003 and RRC-06 has 8dB and 9dB loss figures respectively and are seen as too

low to truly support radio reception within all types of buildings.

10. Man-made noise: Allowance for impulsive noise. No challenge to the 1dB figure. This 1dB

allowance is only applied when the availability factor is applied.

11. Interference allowance: This is an allowance identified in DTTB planning [6] as a figure to

realistically allow for interference management of in particular co-channel. The 1dB allowance is

only applied to the 10m antenna height figures.

12. Minimum F/S @ 1.5m – Mobile: This F/S is derived from the minimum I/P level of 12dBµV +

extra C/N for Rayleigh environment of 5.6dB + antenna K from -5dBd gain of 17.3dB =

35dBµV/m. To adjust this figure from an availability of 50% to the required 99% availability the

LF of 12.8dB is added. Also the Man-made noise 1dB is also added to provide a total of

48.7dBµV/m rounded up to 49dBµV/m.

13. Minimum F/S @ 1.5m – Indoor: This F/S is derived from the minimum I/P level of 12.1dBµV +

extra C/N for Rayleigh environment of 5.6dB + antenna K from -8dBd gain of 20.3dB + Building

penetration loss of 5dB for Suburban = 43dBµV/m. To adjust this figure from an availability of



January 2008

50% to the required 95% availability the LF of 11.6dB is added. Also the Man-made noise 1dB is

also added to provide a total of 55.6dBµV/m rounded up to 56dBµV/m. The extra 6dB for Urban

building penetration loss requires a F/S of 62dBµV/m @ 1.5m.

14. Minimum F/S @ 10m – Mobile: This F/S is derived from the Minimum F/S @ 1.5m of 49dBµV/m

+ RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m conversion factor of 13dB + the Interference allowance of 1dB

giving 63dBµV/m. This aligns well with a derived F/S from ETSI TR 101 758 (see Table 1 above).

15. Minimum F/S @ 10m – Indoor: This F/S is derived from the Minimum F/S @ 1.5m of 56dBµV/m

for Suburban indoor, + RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m conversion factor of 13dB + the

Interference allowance of 1dB giving 70dBµV/m, Similarly for Urban indoor the minimum

required F/S @ 10m is 76dBµV/m.

Tabulated summary of proposed Planning F/S:

T-DAB Minimum median F/S for planning Mobile vehicle outdoor reception - Derivation

Frequency (Band III) MHz 200

Receiver Noise Figure (NF) dB 8

C/N Threshold for mobile reception dB 13

Minimum receiver I/P level (-3.3dBµV (0dB NF) + 8dB NF + 13dB C/N Threshold) dBµV 17.7

Antenna gain dBd -5

Antenna K (20*Log f -12.79-2.15-10*Log 75 – Ant gain (dBd)) dB 17.3

Standard Deviation (σo) dB 5.5

Location correction factor (LF) for 99% availability (µ=2.33) (LF=µ * σo) dB 12.8

Man-made noise allowance (MA) dB 1

Minimum F/S @ 1.5m (17.7dBµV (Min I/P level) + 17.3dB Ant K + 12.8dB (LF) + 1dB (MA)) dBµV/m 49

Interference allowance (IA) dB 1

RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m (AH) dB 13

Minimum F/S @ 10m (49dBµV/m (Min F/S @ 1.5m) + 13dB AH + 1dB (IA)) dBµV/m 63

T-DAB Minimum median F/S for planning Indoor Table Top reception - Derivation

Frequency (Band III) MHz 200

Receiver Noise Figure (NF) dB 8

C/N Threshold for mobile reception dB 13

Minimum receiver I/P level (-3.3dBµV (0dB NF) + 8dB NF + 13dB C/N Threshold) dBµV 17.7

Antenna gain dBd -8

Antenna K (20*Log f -12.79-2.15-10*Log 75 – Ant gain (dBd)) dB 20.3

Standard Deviation (σo) dB 5.5

Suburban dB 5 Loss (BL)

Urban dB 11 Building penetration loss

Standard deviation (σi) dB 4.4

Location correction factor (LF) for 95% availability (µ=1.64) (LF= µ √ (σo2 + σi

2)) dB 11.6

Man-made noise allowance (MA) dB 1

Suburban Minimum F/S @ 1.5m (17.7 (Min I/P level) + 20.3 Ant K + 11.6 (LF) + 5 (BL) + 1 (MA))rounded dBµV/m 56

Urban Minimum F/S @ 1.5m (17.7 (Min I/P level) + 20.3 Ant K + 11.6 (LF) + 11 (BL) + 1 (MA))rounded dBµV/m 62

Interference allowance (IA) dB 1

RX antenna height 1.5m to 10m (AH) dB 13

Suburban Minimum F/S @ 10m (56dBµV/m (Min F/S @ 1.5m) + 13dB AH + 1dB (IA)) dBµV/m 70

Urban Minimum F/S @ 10m (62dBµV/m (Min F/S @ 1.5m) + 13dB AH + 1dB (IA)) dBµV/m 76



January 2008

Wayne Dickson

MIEAust. CPEng. NPER

BTC Australia P/L PO Box 336 Round Corner 2158

02 8850 6634 Mob. 0409152254

[email protected]

Richard Morris

Commercial Radio Australia

& Digital Radio Broadcasting Australia

02 9281 6577 Mob. 0400 544 011

[email protected]

Comments & summary:

The required adjustments of for example EBU BPN 003 are centered on decreased antenna gain for

both Mobile Vehicle and Indoor and the introduction of two categories of building penetration loss

into Suburban & Urban for Indoor table top planning minimum F/S.

The proposed revised planning F/Ss for 1.5m antenna-Coverage planning and 10m antenna-Regulator /

Administration P.1456 Coverage & Interference planning are:

Planning F/S Type EBU BPN 003

F/S

Revised

F/S

Mobile Vehicle (99%) 45 49

Suburban 56 Min F/S @ 1.5m

(dBµV/m) Indoor

(95%) Urban 50

62

Mobile Vehicle (99%) 58 63

Suburban 70 Min F/S @ 10m

(dBµV/m) Indoor

(95%) Urban 63

76

The actual minimum F/Ss required at the receiver antenna in a Rayleigh environment, if used in

coverage prediction, that would only provide an availability of 50% are:

Minimum F/S Type EBU BPN 003

F/S

Revised

F/S

Mobile Vehicle 31 35

Suburban 43 Min F/S @ RX

(dBµV/m) Indoor Urban

39 49

The analysis in this report was restricted to:

1. Mobile – a radio installed in a vehicle

2. Indoor – a table top radio or portable radio with whip antennas used indoors

Portable outdoor especially those with headphone antennas are not covered in this analysis.

Included in Appendix B are Indoor planning F/S for other Availabilities.

Compiled by: For:



January 2008

Appendix A – Extracts from Standards and Documents

From EBU BPN 003:



January 2008

From ETSI TR 101 758:

From ITU-R BS.1660-3:



January 2008

From ITU RRC-06:



January 2008

Appendix B – Minimum Planning F/S for Indoor reception

The figures below provide alternate availability base for the minimum Planning F/Ss.

Planning F/S for

Indoor reception Minimum F/S @ 1.5m Minimum F/S @ 10m

Availability Suburban Urban Suburban Urban

50% 44 50 58 64

70% 48 54 62 68

80% 50 56 64 70

90% 53 59 67 73

95% 56 62 70 76

99% 60 66 74 90

The calculation detail is:

F/S for 50% availability + Location correction factor for required availability (LF) + man-made noise

allowance of 1dB + Antenna Height adjustment for 1.5m to 10m of 13dB + implementation planning

allowance of 1dB (for 10m antenna only)

Where:

LF = µ√ (σo2 + σi

2) where σo = 5.5dB; σi = 4.4dB; µ can be found in Table 3 of Rec. ITU-R P.1546-2



January 2008

Bibliography

[1] EBU BPN 003 Third Issue – Technical bases for T-DAB services Network Planning and

compatibility with existing Broadcasting services February 2003

[2] ETSI TR 101 758 V2.1.1 (2000-11) DAB; Signal strengths and receiver parameters; Targets for

typical operation

[3] ITU-R Rec. BS.1660-3 Technical basis for planning of terrestrial digital sound broadcasting in

the VHF band - 2006

[4] ITU RRC-06 Regional Radiocommunication Conference 2006 for the planning of the digital

terrestrial broadcasting service of Regions 1 (parts of Region 1 situated to the west of meridian

170° E and to the north of parallel 40°S, except the territories of Mongolia) and in the Islamic

Republic of Iran, in frequency bands 174-230MHz and 470-862 MHz (Geneva)

[5] CRA / DRBA T-DAB Sydney Trial – Building penetration loss Survey Band III and L-Band

T-DAB – 12 October 2005

[6] ABA DTTB Broadcasting Planning Handbook - March 2005