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Planning For DroughtPlanning For Drought
Derek Winstanley, ChiefIllinois State Water SurveyIllinois State Water Survey
Illinois Department of Natural Resources
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Contents
IntroductionHistorical droughtsResponse of surface waters and groundwaterWater supplies, use, and demandF t d htFuture droughtsDrought analyses for CMAP/Regional Water Supply Planning gRecommendations
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Introduction
1. Climatic conditions are major factors in water supply and water demandD ht (l i it ti d hi h t t )2. Droughts (low precipitation and high temperatures) reduce water availability and increase water demand
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
The Water CycleThe Water Cycle
PRECIPITATION RUNOFF RECHARGE2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
PRECIPITATION RUNOFF RECHARGE
Annual Precipitation – Marengo IllinoisAnnual Precipitation Marengo, Illinois
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Drought EffectsDrought Effects
Reduces streamflow (10% precipitation decline typically results in a 20-40% streamflow reduction)streamflow reduction)Decreases water levels in shallow wellsDeep aquifers are buffered from drought but could be impacted by long-term
climate change.
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Increases water demand (peak use up to 50-60% higher than average daily use).
Relationship of Increased WaterRelationship of Increased Water Demand to Plant Capacity
22
Pl t C it
14
1820
Increased
Demand during
Plant Capacity(mgd)
Increaseddemand during drought
gdroughtexceeds plant
Average daily
demand
0
drought plantcapacity
demand
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
0
Public Bodies of Water in IllinoisPublic Bodies of Water in Illinois
The State’s authority toThe State s authority to protect flows extends only to these rivers.
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Vern Knapp (ISWS)
Protecting Instream FlowsProtecting Instream FlowsStreamflow is usually abundant and its use for water supply is not a concern in most years But during lowsupply is not a concern in most years. But during low flows, instream flow uses become a priority issue.
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Vern Knapp (ISWS)
Future Climate
Natural processes and human influences affect future climate.Th t id t ibl f t li tThere are two guides to possible future climate conditions
The past record (what has occurred can occur again)Climate modeling
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Future Droughts Based on HistoryFuture Droughts Based on HistoryExpected Precipitation in Kane County(mean annual precipitation:36 inches,1971–2000; 25 inches, 2005)
Drought duration 50-year return period
200-year return periodp p
12 months 19 151524 months 24 2160 months 28 26
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
1 in 200 Year Drought1 in 200 Year Drought(ISWS Informational/Educational Materials 2006-02)
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Illinois Annual Temperature:Illinois Annual Temperature: Departure from 1971–2000 Normal
Illinois Annual Temperature Departure from 1971 2000 NormalIllinois Annual Temperature Departure from 1971-2000 Normal
12
14
F)
6
8
10
e D
epar
ture
(F
0
2
4
Tem
pera
ture
-2
0
1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 2075 2100
Year
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
20th Century A2 5th A2 95th A1B 5th A1B 95th B1 5th B1 95th
http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/wsp/climate/ClimateTom_scenariosmap2.asp
Illinois Annual Precipitation:Illinois Annual Precipitation:Departure from 1971–2000 Normal
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/wsp/climate/ClimateTom_scenariosmap1.asp
Annual Precipitation – Marengo IllinoisAnnual Precipitation Marengo, Illinois
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Future Droughts Based on HistoryFuture Droughts Based on HistoryExpected Precipitation in Kane County(mean annual precipitation:1971–2000, 36 inches; in 2005, 25 inches)
Drought duration 50-year return period
200-year return periodp p
12 months 19 151524 months 24 2160 months 28 26
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Northeastern Illinois Regional Water SupplyNortheastern Illinois Regional Water Supply Planning Group
Analyze water supply and demand to 2050Temperature change: 0 to +6ºFPrecipitation change: -5 inches to +5 inchesPrecipitation change: -5 inches to +5 inches
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future
Managing Water Supplies
Plan and be prepared for drought.Know your risks and costs.Increase supply: additional withdrawals and treatment plants; increased costDecrease demand: conservation (voluntary andDecrease demand: conservation (voluntary and mandatory); water reuse
2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future2007 Priority Places Workshop: Implementing a Sustainable Water Supply for Kane County’s Future