Planning Construction of Dock (Paper)

8/17/2019 Planning Construction of Dock (Paper)

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ASSIGNMENT OF PORT ENGINEERING

“PLANNING CONSTRUCTION OF DOCK”

Lecturer : Dr. Very Dermawan, ST., MT

Presented by:

REND K!OIRUL IL!AM "#$%&'&(&##&)

NA*A INTI ARISKA "#$%&'&(&##()

FARIANDA U+I EKA P "#$%&'&(&###)

OLDA FAD!ILA! APRILIA R "#$%&'&(&##&,')

A!LUN NA-AR ILMIA*AN "#,%&'&(&.###&)

C/0ss: C

1URUSAN TEKNIK PENGAIRAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNI2ERSITAS +RA*I1AA

MALANG

,'


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#3 PRELIMINAR

The dock is a port building that used to moor and moor the vessel that will carry out

the loading and unloading of goods and passengers up and drop off which is a structure

created in the sea that connects the land and consists of a superstructure made of beams,

floor plates and piles supporting the building thereon. Pier construction required to

withstand the forces due to ship collisions and the load during loading and unloading.

Dimensions dock based on the type and size of the ship will be docked and tie up at

the dock. In considering the size of the dock should be based on measures of minimal so

that the ship can tie up and leave the dock and load and unload safely, quickly and

smoothly.

Dock can be divided into two types quay and wharf or !etty or pier. "harf is a dock

that is parallel to the coast and usually coincides with the shoreline. "harf also can serve

as a retaining e#isting behind. "hile the !etty or pier is a pier !utting into the sea. In

contrast to the wharf which is used to move up one side, !etty can used on one side or two

sides, which is usually parallel to the coast and connected to the mainland by a bridge

which usually form angles straight to the !etty, so the !etty can be T$shaped, % or fingers.

,3 T!EORETICAL +ASIS

Dock has several complementary buildings, among the most important is the fabric

apron and warehouse. &abric apron is the area which is located between the dock and the

front side of the warehouse where there is activities to transfer from sea to land. "hile the

warehouse is a place which is used to keep the commodity before being transported to the

ship or to wait for transport of the commodity to the destination area.

$ 'riteria of Dock(s Type

). *hore Topography 'ondition

In the shallow waters so considerable depth, a bit far from land, the use of the !etty

will be more economical for large dredging is not necessary. +eing in a location where

the bottom slope is quite steep, manufacture !etty by erection of piles in deep water

becomes impractical and very e#pensive. In this case, wharf is more appropriate.


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P4cture #3 S56re T6768r075y C6nd4t46n

. *ervice -equirement

Dock that serves oil tankers tanker/ and dry bulk vessels have light construction

compared to the !etty piece goods general cargo/, because the pier does not require

equipment unloading large faucets/, railways, warehouses, etc. To serve the ship pier

users will be more economical. Therefore, the oil discharged from the ship at one point

point of spending oil/ by using a pipe, then the width and length of the pier can be

shortened. Dock that serves piece goods and containers receives a large load on it,

such as faucets, goods unloading, transportation equipment rail, truck/. &or this

purpose the type "harf pier would be more suitable. &or tankers or bulk vessels are

very large, making the pier to receive the vessel becomes uneconomical because it

requires enormous depth waters, while the ships of that size rarely use the port. To

serve the ship made moorings off the coast, and the loading and unloading of goods

carried by a smaller vessel or underwater pipes.

P4cture ,3 Pr6cess Un/60d4n8 S547

0. *eabed *oil 'ondition


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*oil conditions are very decisive in the choice of the type of dock. In general, the land

near the mainland has a carrying capacity greater than the soil at the bottom of the sea.

*eabed generally consist of deposits that have not been solid. 1udging from the soil

bearing capacity, manufacture wharf or retaining wall is more profitable. 2owever, if the

land base in the form of coral manufacture wharf dredging required. In this case the

manufacture of the pier will be cheaper because it is not necessary dredging rock bottom.

$ Dock(s Type

1. Wharf

"harf is the oldest term in 3nglish referring to port structures. It denotes any structure

of timber, masonry, cement, or other material built along or at an angle to the navigable

waterway, with sufficient depth of water to accommodate vessels and receive and

discharge cargo or passengers. The term can be substituted for quay when applied to great

solid structures in large ports. The area between the quay wall made of solid masonry/ and

the nearby warehouse or storage facility is ca)led the quay apron.

P4cture $3 *50r9

2. Pier / Jetty

4 pier is a construction work e#tending into the harbour with sufficient depth of water

alongside to accommodate vessels, also used as a promenade or landing place for

passengers. 4 jetty is a small pier, usually made of timbers for boats, yachts or fishing

boats (fisherman jetty), but it also refers to large ships ( tanker jetty, Tjetty ).

Picture 5. 1etty

!. MAIN SU+1ECT S54774n8 c50nne/


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*hipping channel is used to steer the ship out port. Determination of dimensions

width and depth/ shipping channel is influenced by

a. 'haracteristics 6a#imum ship that will use the port

b. 7perational modes of shipping lanes one$way 8 two$way

c. 'onditions bathymetry, tides, wind and waves that occur d. &or ease of navigation for moving manouver

a. %ength shipping channel

%ength inflows calculated starting from the position of ship reduces speed up to

enter the turning basin area stopping distance, *d/ is

4ccording to the recommendations PI49', the length of a minimum flow for the

condition of ship : );,;;; D"T with ma#imum speed of < knots, is ) = %oa ship, with the

use of ship %oa biggest plans. %ength lines could used also as the minimum length of the

mouth end of the breakwater up turning basin area.

b. The width of the shipping channel

Determination of the width of the groove influenced by several factors

"idth, speed and movement of the ship.

*hip traffic and the depth of the groove.

"ind, waves and currents.

There are no standard equation used to calculate the width of the groove but it has been

determined based on the width of ship and the factors $ factors that e#ist. If ship intersects

the groove width minimal use is 0$5 width ship.

c. Depth of shipping channel

The equation used to obtain the ideal groove depth is

2 > D ? @ ? z ? P ? - ? * ? A

"here


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2 > total depth of water in the shipping channel when the water level low

d > draft of ship meters/

@ > the vertical movement of ship for >B

2 sinB

with B > angle shaky ship taken width of ship m/

z > squat > ,5∆ Fr

Lpp2√ 1− Fr2

"here

> volume of displaced water mE/

%pp > length of waterline m/

&r > number &raude >V

√ gh

F > speed of the ship m 8 s/

g > acceleration due to gravity m 8 sG/

h > water depth m/

P > 4ccuracy of measurement.

- > room clean freedom clearance/ as a safety betweenkeel with the seafloor.

+each sand > ;. ).;; m

* > *ediment dredging sediment between the two.

A > Tolerance dredging.

P ? * ? A > ) m

d. 'alculation turning basin


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turning basin as an area needed for maneuvering before and after the ships tie up.

This region is an where the ship doing the twist to change direction. this 4rea must be

designed such that it provides sufficient space spacious and comfortable.

+asic design of the turning basin

"ater should calm

The width and depth of the pool waters adapted to the function and

needs of ships using it.

3ase of movement maneuver/ ship.

*ize lap pool port according to the Design and 'onstruction of Port

and 6arine *tructure, 4lonzo Def. Huinn, )J, p ) as follows

a/ Diameter of turning basin optimum size/ is 5 = %oa. maneuver

rotating easy

b/ Diameter of turning basin medium/ is = %oa, maneuvers

when the vessel rotates more difficult and takes more

long.

c/ Diameter of turning basin small/ is K # %oa, for turning This type of basin,

maneuvering the ship will be assisted with anchor and tugboat 8 scout ship.

d/ Diameter of turning basin minimum/ ). # %oa, maneuvers

the vessel must be assisted by tugboats, anchor and dolphin. this ship

must have definite points as the current movement patterns

spinning.

#3 P/0nn4n8 d4;ens46ns 69 d6c n. %oa ? n$)/#)


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b > width of the barn m/

a > width apron m/

e > width of the road m/

d > length of the warehouse m/

In planning the wharf this time, only in the design of quay length

4ny and ships using wharf facility has a size between

N;;; D"T $ ),;;; D"T. Planning long mooring area on the task

This end by size of the total of ),;;; D"T ships.

b. dimensions of pier

finger$shaped pier with two moorings

long pier

%p > %oa ? a ? b

wide slip

s > + ?0<

long barn

d > % L c ? e/

wide warehouse

b > 48d


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dimensions of pier

finger$shaped pier with four moorings

long pier

%p > %oa ? O<

wide pier

+p > a ? b

wide slip

s > + ? % L c ? e/

wide warehouse

b > 48d


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". T!E E=AMPLES IS ROTTERDAM PORT

The port of -otterdam(s annual throughput amounts to some 5O< million tonnes.

This makes the port of -otterdam the largest port in 3urope. The port area includes ), . d0ys 0 ?ee< ,%

Total port area, including 6aasvlakte ),O;O ha

%and area J,JO ha

of which rentable sites


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S4tes@Ter;4n0/s ,%

O4/ 0nd 64/ 7r6ducts

7il refineries <

-efinery terminals O

Independent tank terminals for oil products ))

C5e;4c0/4s> b469ue/s 0nd ed4b/e 64/s

'hemical locations 5<

+iofuells plants O

Fegetable oils refineries <

Independent tank terminals for chemie, biofuels and edible oils )J

G0s 0nd 76?er> c60/ 0nd b46;0ss

@as fired power plants 0

'oal and biomass fired plants 0

9atural gas terminals )

"ind turbines total )5 6w/ NO

Ut4/4t4es

Industrial gases and water plants 5

*team and power plants O

"aste processing )

C6nt04ner ter;4n0/s

Deepsea O

*hortsea 0

3mptydepots )N

+re0


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The port of -otterdam is the largest port in 3urope and is ranked in the top );

largest ports in the world. 6ore information is provided below on how -otterdam

compares internationally to other 3uropean ports.

Documents

Planning Construction of Dock (Paper)