Upload
alpha
View
49
Download
4
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Planets and Stars. Stars. Were noticed even before telescopes. Balls of glowing hot gas. Did not change position in the night sky. Planets. Objects that changed position from night to night against the stars. Large bodies orbiting a star. The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Stars• Were noticed even before telescopes.
• Balls of glowing hot gas.
• Did not change position in the night sky.
Planets• Objects that changed position from night to
night against the stars.
• Large bodies orbiting a star.
• The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit.
• There are 8 planets in our solar system.
Early Idea of the Solar System
• Earth did not move
• Earth was at the center of the Solar System
• The stars, Moon, and Sun revolved around Earth
Copernicus Solar System
• The Sun was at the center of the universe
• Was very unpopular when it was introduced
The Two Solar System Models
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiBIFlvu-X0&feature=related
• Rocky or metallic
• Orbit the Sun
• Too small to be considered a planet
• Some astronomers believe they are material that never combined to form a planet.
Asteroid Belt• Most are located between the orbits of Mars
and Jupiter
• Some travel from Saturn’s orbit, others have orbits that cross Earth’s path.
Asteroids that have hit Earth
• http://www.meteorcrater.com/
• http://geology.com/meteor-impact-craters.shtml
• Small asteroids
• Some travel to the edge of the solar system
• Others stay within the orbits of the inner planets
Meteoroids
Meteors
• When a meteoroid hits Earth’s atmosphere. – The meteor rubs against Earth’s atmosphere
producing heat.– This heat causes the meteor to burn.• Try rubbing your hands together to produce heat.
• Seen as a bright streak of light.
Meteorite• Any part of a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s
surface.
• 3 types:– Stony – made out of rock– Metallic – made from metals like nickel and iron or
a mixture of metal and rock– Carbonaceous – rich in carbon
Meteor Shower
• When many meteoroids hit Earth’s atmosphere at the same time.– Often happens after a comet has traveled past Earth.
• Some occur year after year.– Perseid Meteor Shower happens around August 11
2103 Meteor Showers
• http://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors
• Perseid Meteor Shower Time Lapse:– http://
www.theguardian.com/science/video/2013/aug/13/perseids-meteor-shower-timelapse-video
• http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqIT4lFZSD0EA5c_7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBncGdyMzQ0BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEdnRpZAM-?p=2013+perseid+meteor+shower&ei=utf-8
Parts of a Comet n
• The nucleus is the main, solid part of the comet
• The coma is a halo of evaporated gas (water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide) and dust that surrounds the nucleus
• The comet's dust tail always faces away from the sun.
A Comet’s Orbit• As it comes closer to the Sun the cometbegins to melt.
• The melted ice and dust becomes the comet’s tail.
• The tail gets pushedaway from the Sun from the pressure.
Where a Comet Comes From
• Kuiper Belt– A region beyond Pluto’s orbit– Probably contains 40,000 to 70,000 objects with
diameters of more than 100 km. • 100 Kilometers = 62.1371192 Miles
• Oort Cloud– Surrounds the solar system about 15 trillion km
from the Sun
Hailey’s Comet
• Orbits past Earth every 76 years.
– The last close pass was in 1986, and the next is due in 2061.
Layers of Earth• Inner Core• Outer Core• Mantle• Crust – What we live on
• Hydrosphere– Thin layer of water
• Atmosphere– Thin layer of gases
Earth’s Atmosphere
• Protects us from small debris from space.
• Made up of:– Nitrogen (78%)– Oxygen (21%)– Other gases (1%)
Atmospheric Layers• Troposphere– Nearest Earth’s surface– Where weather occurs
• Stratosphere– Ozone helps absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
Magnetic Field• The area that surrounds a magnet.– Invisible lines of force that run from one pole to the other.
• Earth has one as if there were a giant bar magnet buried inside it.