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Acknowledgments iv

Introduction 1

PART I. THE GLOBAL EXPANSION OF OIL PALM PLANTATIONS

1. Cheap oil 5

2. Cash crop 10

3. A scramble for lands 15

4. Communities lose out to oil palm plantations 22

5. New frontiers for oil palm expansion 30

PART II. ANOTHER SIDE OF PALM OIL, IN AFRICA

6. A long history and vast biodiversity 38

7. Oil palm production in West and Central Africa 47

8. The global land grab for oil palm plantations hitsAfrica

55

9. Well oiled resistance 57

Annex 1 : land grabs for oil palm plantations 61

Annex 2: land grabs for oil palm plantations in thePapuas of Indonesia and New Guinea

80

85

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iv

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Planet palm oil 1

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2

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Planet palm oil 3

PART 1

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CHAPTER 1

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Planet palm oil 5

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6

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Shanmugam is a coconut farmer in Talavady, Tamil Nadu. The flood of imported

palm oil into India has driven down the price for coconut paid to Shanmugam and

other farmers, deeply affecting their livelihoods. “Farmers are drowning in debt, and

we’re trying to survive in anyway we can,” says Shanmugam. “The coconut price is

only 4-5 Rs per nut, which is what it was 20 years ago, and we can’t even afford

to harvest or remove the coconut trees now to change to other crops because it’s too

costly.”

This year Shanmugam is selling his 7 hectare coconut farm to pay off a portion

of his debt.

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10

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Planet palm oil 11

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12

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Planet palm oil 13

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14

CHAPTER 3

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Planet palm oil 15

B6@:H I=: EDI:CI>6A 6G:6 ;DG C:L D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH G6I=:G A>B>I:9 ,AJH� BDHI D; I=:H: A6C9H 6G: 8DBEDH:9 D; ;DG:HIH 6C9 ;6GBA6C9H I=6I 6G:D88JE>:9 7N >C9><:CDJH E:DEA:H 6C9 E:6H6CIH� HDB: D; L=DB 6G: 6AG:69N<GDL>C<�D>A�E6ABH�;DG�AD86A�B6G@:IH 0=: :ME6CH>DC D; D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCH� I=:G:;DG:� 9:E:C9H JEDC

8DBE6C>:H <:II>C< I=:H: E:DEA: ID <>K: JE I=:>G A6C9H 0=>H >H CDI 6C :6HNH:AA� <>K:C I=: B:6<G: ?D7H 6C9 DI=:G 7:C:;>IH I=6I 6C D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DC<:C:G6I:H >C 8DBE6G>HDC L>I= I=: 9:HIGJ8I>DC I=6I >I 86JH:H 6C9 I=: K6AJ:I=6I I=: A6C9H 6AG:69N =DA9 ;DG I=: E:DEA: � INE>86A D>A E6AB EA6CI6I>DCG:FJ>G:H DCAN DC: EDDGAN E6>9 LDG@:G ;DG :K:GN � � =:8I6G:H� L=>A: I=:HJGGDJC9>C< 8DBBJC>I>:H E6N 6 =><= EG>8: ;DG I=: 9:;DG:HI6I>DC� L6I:GJH:� HD>A :GDH>DC 6C9 8=:B>86A ;:GI>A>H:G 6C9 E:HI>8>9: 8DCI6B>C6I>DC I=6I>I 86JH:H � �DBE6C>:H IGN>C< ID 68FJ>G: A6C9H ;GDB 8DBBJC>I>:H 6AHDGJC >CID 8JHIDB6GN ;DGBH D; A6C9 <DK:GC6C8: I=6I 9D CDI 6AADL ;DG 68DBE6CN�ID�7JN�JE�A6C9�DC:�E6G8:A�6I�6�I>B: 0=: :6HN L6N ;DG 8DBE6C>:H ID <:I 6GDJC9 I=:H: =JG9A:H >H ID :CHJG:

I=6I I=: 8DBBJC>I>:H 9D CDI :K:C @CDL I=6I I=:>G A6C9H =6K: 7::CH><C:9 6L6N %I >H K:GN 8DBBDC >C �;G>86� ;DG >CHI6C8:� ;DG 8DBE6C>:HID H><C A6C9 9:6AH 9>G:8IAN L>I= I=: C6I>DC6A <DK:GCB:CI L>I=DJI I=:@CDLA:9<: D; I=: 6;;:8I:9 8DBBJC>I>:H %C B6CN 86H:H� I=: 8DBE6C>:HH><C>C< I=: 9:6AH 6G: D7H8JG: 8DBE6C>:H G:<>HI:G:9 >C I6M =6K:CH L>I=I=:>G 7:C:;>8>6A DLC:GH =>99:C ;GDB K>:L 0=: B6C6<:GH D; I=:H:8DBE6C>:H I:C9 ID 8DB: ;GDB I=: B>C>C< H:8IDG DG DI=:G :MIG68I>K:>C9JHIG>:H L>I= ADC< =>HIDG>:H D; H=69N 9:6AH >C �;G>86 %C ,6EJ6 *:L#J>C:6 6C9 %C9DC:H>6� A6C9 9:6AH 6G: INE>86AAN 7GD@:G:9 7:IL::C AD86A:A>I:H 6C9 ;DG:><C >CK:HIDGH� 6AHD D;I:C L>I= D7H8JG: DLC:GH=>EHIGJ8IJG:H�G:<>HI:G:9�>C�I6M�=6K:CH /J8= HB6AA H=:AA 8DBE6C>:H 6G: CDI >C I=: 7JH>C:HH D; 9:K:ADE>C<

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16

�!6�(!4%-1�!-$�+!-$�'0!"1�&.0�/!+,�.)+�)-�&0)#!

The case of Atama Resources Inc

%C ����� I=: #DK:GCB:CI D; I=: .:EJ7A>8 D; I=: �DC<D H><C:9 6L6NBDG: I=6C ������� =6 ID 6 �DC<DA:H: G:<>HI:G:9 8DBE6CN 86AA:9 �I6B6,A6CI6I>DC L=DH: DLC:GH G:B6>C JC@CDLC � %C G:IJGC� I=>H BNHI:G>DJH8DBE6CN EGDB>H:9 ID 9:K:ADE I=: �DC<D �6H>CZH A6G<:HI :K:G D>A E6ABEA6CI6I>DC� 8DCK:GI>C< ������� =6 D; BDHIAN ;DG:HI:9 A6C9 >C I=:EGDK>C8:H D; �JK:II: 6C9 /6C<=6 L=>A: E6N>C< I=: <DK:GCB:CI 6 ID@:C6CCJ6A ;:: D; �� E:G =:8I6G: D; EA6CI:9 A6C9 0=: 8DBE6CN L6H JC9:G CDD7A><6I>DC ID 8DC9J8I :CK>GDCB:CI6A DG HD8>6A >BE68I 6HH:HHB:CIH DG ID8DCHJAI�L>I=�6;;:8I:9�EDEJA6I>DCH

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� /::�I=:�:M8:AA:CI�G:EDGI���/::9H�D;� :HIGJ8I>DC���.6>C;DG:HI�"DJC96I>DC�1'������� />AK:GB6G@�>H�DLC:9�7N�0>C6A9>�(I9�6C9�I=:� >G:8IDG�>H�#G::CA6C9�(I9 �#G::CA6C9�(I9�>H�G:EDGI:9�ID7:�8DCIGDAA:9�7N��:CCN�(JB��L=D�B6N�?JHI�7:�6�EGDMN �%I�8DCIGDAH�(6B>C<IDC��6E>I6A�%C8��B6N7:/>C<6EDG:�L=>8=�>H�6AHD�6�H=6G:=DA9:G�>C��;G>86C�,:IGDA:JB��DGEDG6I>DC�(>B>I:9 �%I�L6H�6AHD�JH:9�ID9>G:8I�6�IG6CH;:G�D;�;JC9H�ID�6�0=6>�8DBE6CN�I=6I�>H�A>C@:9�ID�0=6@H>C ��DI=�06C6A9>�(I9�6C9�#G::CA6C9(I9���GJC:>�6G:�G:<>HI:G:9�>C��GJC:>�ID�I=:�699G:HH�D;�$).�0GJHI�(I9��L=>8=�>H�>CKDAK:9�>C�D;;H=DG:;>C6C8>6A�H:GK>8:H �+I=:G�9D8JB:CIH�>C9>86I:�I=6I�06C6A9>�(>B>I:9�>H�DLC:9�7N�06C�/G>��6GGN�#D=)>C<��=DDC�D;�)6A6NH>6�6C9�I=:�8DBE6CN�68IH�6H�6�IGJHI�;DG�DI=:G�)6A6NH>6C�7JH>C:HHB:C ��6GGN�#D=8DCIGDAH���#��6E>I6A�.:HDJG8:H��:G=69�����#.��L=>8=�=:�HI6GI:9�>C����� ��#�.�=6H�H:GK:9�6H�I=:

Planet palm oil 17

>C;DGB6I>DC DC />AK:GB6G@ >H I=6I >I >H DLC:9 6C9 9>G:8I:9 7N ILD H=:AA8DBE6C>:H G:<>HI:G:9 >C �GJC:> �:86JH: D; I=: GJA:H D; H:8G:8N<DK:GC>C< 8DBE6C>:H G:<>HI:G:9 >C �GJC:> 6C9 I=: �G>I>H= 2>G<>C %HA6C9H�>I�>H�>BEDHH>7A:�ID�@CDL�L=D�I=:�68IJ6A�DLC:GH�D;�I=:H:�8DBE6C>:H�6G: %C ����� DLC:GH=>E D; �I6B6 ,A6CI6I>DC L6H IG6CH;:GG:9 ID 6 =DA9>C<

8DBE6CN >C )6JG>I>JH� 6CDI=:G ;>H86A E6G69>H:� 7:;DG: ;>C6AAN 7:>C< HDA9�>C ����� ID )6A6NH>6ZH 36= /:DC< �DGEDG6I>DC� 6 [E>E:�8D6I>C<HE:8>6A>HI\ 8DBE6CN L>I= CD =>HIDGN >C I=: E6AB D>A H:8IDG I=6I >H8DCIGDAA:9�7N�)6A6NH>6C�7JH>C:HHB6C�.D7:GI�06C �

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The case of Liberian Forest Products Inc. (LFPI)

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18

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Planet palm oil 19

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20

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Planet palm oil 21

CHAPTER 4

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EDHIEDC: HDB: D; I=: LDGHI :M8:HH:H �/:: 7:ADL�Why the RSPO facilitates

land grabs for palm oil

22

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Winnie Overbeek is the international coordinator of the World Rainforest

Movement– an international network with a small secretariat in Uruguay that

supports the struggles of communities and indigenous people who depend on

tropical forests. He talked to GRAIN about his views on the Roundtable on

Sustainable Palm Oil.

GRAIN: What is the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)?Winnie� 0=: ./,+ >H 6C >C>I>6I>K: I=6I L6H ;DJC9:9 >C ���� %I >H 6

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Planet palm oil 23

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GRAIN: In your experience working with communities, has theRSPO been a solution for them? Has it helped to make palm oilsustainable?

Winnie� %I >H IGJ: I=6I I=: ./,+� 688DG9>C< ID HDB: D; I=:DG<6C>H6I>DCH L: LDG@ L>I=� =6H G:HJAI:9 >C HDB: 7:C:;>IH� 6C9 >I >H>BEDGI6CI 6AHD X % >B6<>C: >I >H ;DG 6CN 8:GI>;>86I>DC H8=:B: X I=6I I=:N86C H=DL HDB: EDH>I>K: G:HJAIH /D� ;DG :M6BEA:� I=:N =6K: 7::C 67A:ID HADL 9DLC 9:;DG:HI6I>DC 6 7>I� DG 6I A:6HI ID B6@: 8DBE6C>:H HADL9DLC I=:>G :ME6CH>DC G6I: �JI >I >H 6AHD IGJ: I=6I ;DG I=DH: 8DBBJC>I>:HI=6I =6K: ;>A:9 8DBEA6>CIH ID I=: ./,+� >C %C9DC:H>6 ;DG :M6BEA: �I=:8DJCIGN L>I= I=: BDHI EGD7A:BH 7:IL::C 8DBBJC>I>:H 6C9 D>A E6AB8DBE6C>:H� CDC: D; I=:H: 8DBEA6>CIH =6K: 8DB: ID 6 H6I>H;68IDGN8DC8AJH>DC ;DG I=: 8DBBJC>I>:H �C9 I=>H >H K:GN LDGG>HDB:� 7:86JH: I=:8DBEA6>CI B:8=6C>HB >H I=: A6HI DEI>DC ID 8DGG:8I EGD7A:BH CDI HDAK:9>C I=: 8:GI>;>86I>DC EGD8:9JG: %; I=: 8DBEA6>CIH B:8=6C>HB D; I=: ./,+9D:HCZI :K:C ;JC8I>DC� L=6I 86C L: I=>C@ D; I=: L=DA: 8:GI>;>86I>DCEGD8:HH�%IZH CDI :6HN ;DG 8DBBJC>I>:H ID 688:HH I=>H 8DBEA6>CI B:8=6C>HB >C

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24

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Planet palm oil 25

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26

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Planet palm oil 27

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28

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Planet palm oil 29

CHAPTER 5

��� ��������� ��� ��� ��� ��������

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30

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Planet palm oil 31

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Planet palm oil 33

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34

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Planet palm oil 35

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36

PART 2

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CHAPTER 6

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38

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Ogbè é do détin nin dji aga don

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Mikpon détin dji aga, mi kpon mi kpon détin nin dji aga don

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O ho é do han tché nin min

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Wè gnin do détin nin é do téé

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Min dé djro gbè toin nan dou donan lébé nan bo nan non sin

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Mikpon déman é ton édo non bolo akiza

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Mikpon dékpa nin sin do wè é do non bolo do toh kan

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Détin é ka do té a nan mon dékpa bo mon délian

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Détin do kpo nin dji wè dé sounhlouin gan gan soun gan dé

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Mi kpon ami é ton, a nan mon ami dja kpo atan kpo

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Mindé djro gbè ton nan dou,

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Planet palm oil 39

dékin min wè tchotcho akou non ton son

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46

CHAPTER 7

��� ��� ��� ������ �� ���� � ����������

�02)1!-!+�/!+,�.)+�/0.$3#2).-�)-��3)-%!����(.2.���������3)-8%�

�)+�/!+,�)-��!11%��3)-9%�!-$��3)-9%��.0%12)80%

(by Alphonse Yombouno, ADAPE-Guinée)

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Planet palm oil 47

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48

�)12.07�.&�.)+�/!+,�31%�)-�2(%��!1��+%34% )120)#2�� ��

(by Pastor Jacques Bakulu, CEPECO Congo)

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Planet palm oil 49

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�)+�/!+,1�)-��%-)-���(%�)-#.-4%-)%-2�2032(

(by Hubert-Didier Madafimè, journalist, Radio National Bénin)

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50

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Planet palm oil 51

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(by Kadidja Kone, INADES-Formation, Côte d’Ivoire)

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52

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Planet palm oil 53

D; E:DEA:� LDB:C >C E6GI>8JA6G� L=D 6G: >CKDAK:9 >C I=: =6GK:HI>C<�EGD8:HH>C<��6C9�B6G@:I>C<�D;�E6AB�D>A��@:GC:AH��6C9�L>C:

54

CHAPTER 8

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Planet palm oil 55

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56

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