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1 What type of fossils form when bones harden into a rock-like substance?
A moulds
B casts
C trace fossils
D petrified fossils
2 Anna is using a Mohs scale set of minerals to test some rock samples. Which would she find has the greatest hardness value?
A quartz
B feldspar
C calcite
D diamond
3 Which of the following is not a method used to identify minerals?
A Crystal shape
B Hardness
C Cleavage
D Size
4 What term describes the powdery mark left behind when a mineral is scratched along a piece of unglazed porcelain?
A Colour
B Luster
C Streak
D Residue
5 Which of the following would have the best chance of being preserved?
A Wings of a fly
B Shell of an oyster
C Skin and fur of a lion
D A worm
6 Which of the following minerals is the softest on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
A Soapstone
B Feldspar
C Talc
D Shale
7 Which of the following is not an example of a metamorphic rock?
A Schist
B Gneiss
C Marble
D Pumice
8 Pierre is working on a project about sedimentary rocks. Which of the following should he include in his project?
A Granite
B Limestone
C Feldspar
D Marble
9 Which of the following terms describes the easiest way to classify a mineral?
A Cleavage
B Fracture
C Hardness
D Colour
10 Rocks that break with smooth, flat edges are known to have:
A Cleavage
B Fracture
C Clarity
D Luster
11 Which of the following is the best example of chemical weathering?
A Frost wedging
B Acid rain
C Tree roots
D Landslides
12 Rocks that fall down a hill due to gravity is a result of:
A Chemical weathering
B Biological weathering
C Mechanical weathering
D Erosion
13 A growing tree root can eventually split a rock. What is this process called?
A Wind erosion
B Biological weathering
C Crop rotation
D Desertification
14 Which of the following is not a form of mechanical weathering?
A Frost wedging
B Gravity
C Wind
D Acid rain
15 What are tracks, burrows, and other evidence of animal activity known as?
A Moulds
B Casts
C Trace fossils
D Original remains
16 Frost wedging is caused by:
A Acids freezing on rocks
B Water and oxygen reacting
C Water freezing and thawing
D Rocks colliding with each other
17 When oceanic and continental plates collide, one plate is forced under the other. What term describes the areas where these plates overlap?
A Subduction zones
B Conduction zones
C Convection zones
D Subduction zones
18 What is the name of the supercontinent that formed over 200 million years ago? Hint: This supercontinent eventually broke up into the present day continents.
A Pangaea
B Rhodesia
C Gondwanaland
D Rhodinia
19 When organisms are preserved, in full or part, as fossils, what are they known as?
A Trace fossils
B Moulds
C Casts
D Original remains
20 Plates move apart at ____________________ boundaries.
A Convergent
B Stable
C Divergent
D Volcanic
21 The layer of the earth that is the thinnest of all is the:
A Inner core
B Outer core
C Crust
D Upper mantle
22 Which of the following terms is the correct definition of the visible layers we see in a section of soil?
A Strata
B Stratification
C Layering
D Soil profile
23 Most earthquakes happen ____________________.
A Without warning
B In areas where earthquakes have occurred in the past
C Along plate boundaries
D All of the above
24 The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the ____________________.
A focus
B epicenter
C fault
D hot spot
25 Which term describes volcanoes that are not currently erupting?
A Active
B Dormant
C Sleeping
D Extinct
26 What is the name that was given to this volcanic region that surrounds the Pacific Ocean?
A Zone of fire
B Area of fire
C Ring of fire
D Rim of fire
27 If a layer of sandstone lies on top of a layer of limestone in which a 300 million_year_old fossil is found, the layer of sandstone must be ____________________.
A Older than 300 million years
B Younger than 300 million years
C The same age as the limestone
D Older than 600 million years
28 Which option lists the layers of Earth's crust in order from the centre of Earth to its surface.
A inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
B mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
C crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
D crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
29 Which of the following is not a type of earthquake wave?
A Primary or P wave
B L wave
C Surface wave
D Secondary or S wave
31 Which of the following volcanoes has been the most active?
A Mount St. Helens, Washington
B Mount Vesuvius, Italy
C Mount Kilauea, Hawaii
D Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
32 Which is more likely to be preserved as a fossil?
A Bear fur
B Salamander’s skin
C Insect shell
D Leech
33 The name of the rock before it goes through the changes to become a metamorphic rock is called
A Changed rock
B Sedimentary rock
C Parent rock
D Igneous rock