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Plan to repair damage caused by the Civil War and reunite the nation
Key QuestionsKey Questions
1. How do we1. How do webring the Southbring the Southback into the back into the
Union?Union?
1. How do we1. How do webring the Southbring the Southback into the back into the
Union?Union?
2. How do we 2. How do we rebuild the rebuild the
South after itsSouth after itsdestruction destruction
during the war?during the war?
2. How do we 2. How do we rebuild the rebuild the
South after itsSouth after itsdestruction destruction
during the war?during the war?
3. How do we3. How do weintegrate andintegrate andprotect newly-protect newly-emancipatedemancipated
black freedmen?black freedmen?
3. How do we3. How do weintegrate andintegrate andprotect newly-protect newly-emancipatedemancipated
black freedmen?black freedmen?
4. What branch4. What branchof governmentof governmentshould controlshould controlthe process ofthe process of
Reconstruction?Reconstruction?
4. What branch4. What branchof governmentof governmentshould controlshould controlthe process ofthe process of
Reconstruction?Reconstruction?
Congressional “Radical” Reconstruction 1. Goal 1: protect rights of freedmen
a. 13th Amendment: abolishes slaveryb. 14th Amendment: makes African-
Americans citizensc. 15th Amendment: cannot deny vote based
on race
Colored rule in a reconstructed state
What does this
cartoonist think of the
15th amendmen
t?
2. Goal 2: grant compensation to freedmen
a. Freedmen’s Bureau: gov organization that provided food, clothing, healthcare and edu to black and white refugees from South
i. Reunited families separated by slaveryii. Negotiated labor contractsiii. Represented freedmen in courtiv. BUT, under-funded!
Plenty to eat and nothing to do.
What does this
cartoonist think of the Freedman’s Bureau?
3. Goal 3: punish Confederate leaders
a. Plan to take political and econ power from leaders and give to poor
i. Submit to military rule – 5 districts governed by northern generals
ii. hold new elections (only qualified voters can vote - no rebel leaders)
iii. write new state constitutionsiv. guarantee equal rights to all citizens
Did this cartoonist think the
South was ready to end
military reconstruction in 1876?
"Five More Wanted."
©1876 Reconstruction ended 1
year later
The Burden of Reconstruction
• This cartoon appeared in a northern newspaper in the 1870s.
• President Grant• Union soldiers• the South• 1. What do the weapons
and soldiers in the cartoon represent?
• 2. What is the woman doing? Is her task easy or difficult?
• 3. What is this cartoonist’s view of Reconstruction?
What was Johnson’s goal with Reconstruction?
What was Johnson’s goal with Reconstruction?
“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”
"I intend to confiscate the lands of these rich men whom I have excluded from pardon by my proclamation, and divide the proceeds thereof among the families of the wool hat boys, the Confederate soldiers, whom these men forced into battle to protect their property in slaves."
Presidential Reconstruction (Andrew Johnson)
1. Disagrees with Congress’ goals!
2. Goal = punish Confed leaders
a. Plan to take econ and pol power from leaders and give to poor whites
b. BUT, personally pardons (forgives) 13,500 wealthy planters
i. Old leaders come back to power
President Johnson’s Impeachment
President Johnson’s Impeachment
1. Tenure of office act – law prevented president from firing cabinet members without Senate’s consent
2. Johnson fires Sec. of War = violation3. House votes to impeach (accuse of high crimes and
misdemeanors)4. Found NOT GUILTY!
*Not kicked out, by one vote
Senator Ben ButlerSenator Ben Butler
“By murder most foul did he succeed to the Presidency, and is
the elect of an assassin to that high office
What is this Senator’s opinion of
Andrew Johnson
The Political Crisis of 1877
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876
The Political Crisis of 1877
Compromise of 1877
Election of 18761. Demos. gave presidency to Repub. Hayes
2. in return troops would be removed from the south
3. Reconstruction is OVER!!
Hayes
Prevails
Hayes
Prevails
What is the cartoonist
trying to say about the
Republican and
Democratic parties?
VENN – DIAGRAM of the two plans for Reconstruction
Successes1. Rise of Black Church
a. Served as school, community center, employment agency, and political rallying point
b. Morehouse College – black university in Atl… started in a Church basement
2. Land ownership in Kansas
a. Homestead Act: gov GIVES 160 acres to anyone willing to improve / work land for 5 years
b. Exodusters: ex-slaves who moved to Kansas
Failures 1. Ku Klux Klan
(KKK): group that terrorized Republicans and blacks
a. Disenfranchised: blacks… prevent them from voting
b. Lynchings – illegal hangings
c. Scalawags (southern republicans)
d. Carbetbaggers (northern who moved to south)
e. Tamper with elections
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
The “Invisible Empire of the South”
“This is the White Man’s Government”-Democratic Party
Slogan, 1868
1. Black schools on fire and lynched bodies
2. Irish Democrat holding club to keep black man from voting
3. Nathan Bedford Forest, Confederate Veteran – started KKK
4. “This is the white man’s gov’t” button
5. Democratic Businessman
6. The ballot box
Watch Without Sanctuary
http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/main.html
2. Black Codes - restrictions for formers slaves
a. carry passes (identification)
b. observe curfewc. punish
vagrancy (fine or whip those not working)
d. Land restrictions forced to live on plantation
3. Sharecropping: landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced.
a. Landowner is former plantation owner
b. Could be fined for missing a single day of work
c. Charged for housing debt (trapped on the plantation)
4. Jim Crow Laws – laws that disenfranchised blacks and upheld segregation
a. Grandfather Clause must prove grandfather voted in last election
b. Literacy Test: must be able to read a write
c. Poll Tax: must pay a fee d. Plessy v Ferguson:
supreme court case which legalized segregation
i. “Separate but equal” facilities were considered legal
Take the Alabama Literacy Test
http://kpearson.project.tcnj.edu/interactive/imm_files/test.html
Evaluate Reconstruction: Successes and Failures
GOOD• The Union is restored.• Southern economic
rebuilding begins.• African Americans are
granted citizenship and voting rights.
• Freedmen’s Bureau helps African Americans get education, housing, and jobs.
• Public school system develops in the South.
BAD• Many southerners are
caught in a cycle of poverty.
• Southern governments limit African American voting. (black codes)
• KKK and other groups terrorize.
• Many southerners remain bitter toward the federal government and Republican Party.
Whose authority
was ‘cemented’ after the
war?
What invention showed the harsh realities of war?
What helped the country become a global economic power?
To which parts of the country did African Americans migrate after the Civil
War?
What was the purpose of colleges and universities founded after the Civil
War?
In what way did the end of the Civil War change the way that the
states and the federal government interacted?